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Kefayati Sadegh Baghbanan Alireza Torkan Masoud Hashemolhosseini Hamid Dehnavi Roohollah Narimani 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2020,19(4):937-951
Uncertainty in input fracture geometric parameters during analysis of the stability of jointed rock slopes is inevitable and therefore the stochastic discrete fracture network (DFN) — distinct element method (DEM) is an efficient modeling tool. In this research, potentially unstable conditions are detected in the right abutment of the Karun 4 dam and downstream of the dam body as a case study. Two extreme states with small and relatively large block sizes are selected and a series of numerical DEM models are generated using a number of validated DFN models. Stability of the rock slope is assessed in both static and dynamic loading states. Based on the design basis earthquake (DBE) and maximum credible earthquake (MCE) expected in the dam site, histories of seismic waves are applied to analyze the stability of the slope in dynamic earthquake conditions. The results indicate that a MCE is likely to trigger sliding of rock blocks on the rock slope major joint. Furthermore, the dynamic analysis also shows a local block failure by the DBE, which can consequently lead to slope instability over the long term. According to the seismic behavior of the two models, larger blocks are prone to greater instability and are less safe against earthquakes.
相似文献2.
易损性分析是评估不同强度地震作用下混凝土重力坝各级破坏概率的有效方法。目前重力坝易损性分析通常假定地震波为垂直入射,然而在近断层区域,地震波往往是倾斜入射的,地震波斜入射对重力坝地震响应有显著影响。从太平洋地震工程研究中心数据库选取16条地震动记录,采用黏弹性人工边界结合等效节点荷载实现SV波斜入射波动输入。采用增量动力分析方法对地震动峰值加速度进行调幅,以印度Koyna混凝土重力坝为研究对象,以坝顶相对位移为抗震性能指标,建立SV波斜入射下重力坝不同震损等级的易损性曲线。结果表明,与垂直入射相比,相同震损等级和相同地震动强度下,斜入射时重力坝破坏概率减小;当PGA接近重力坝实际遭受的地震动强度时,入射角为15°和30°时破坏概率与垂直入射相比最大减小率分别为27.3%和68.2%;各地震强度下,15°和30°斜入射相对于垂直入射的破坏概率差异值最大分别达36.6%、83.9%。因此,混凝土重力坝抗震性能分析应考虑地震波斜入射的影响。研究结果也可为近断层区域混凝土重力坝安全风险评估提供参考。 相似文献
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The impact of the incident angle of earthquake motion on the seismic response of the long lined tunnels is studied. Based on the time‐domain finite element method with the viscous‐spring artificial boundary condition, the earthquake motion of oblique incidence is transformed into the equivalent nodal forces acting on the truncated boundary of finite element model. In the present work, the formulas of equivalent nodal forces for the plane P wave with arbitrary incident angle are deduced and implemented into the commercial software abaqus 1 . The effectiveness of the formulas and its implementation are demonstrated by two numerical examples with the reference solutions. The proposed method is applied to investigate the seismic responses of the long lined tunnels under the obliquely incident P waves. The numerical results indicate that the seismic responses of the long lined tunnels are highly affected by the incident angles of P waves. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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基于饱和两相介质弹性波动方程分析SV波在饱和土体自由表面的反射问题,引入波动方程的势函数解答,求解出二维问题中SV波入射情况下饱和土体自由场的位移、速度、加速度和应力响应。在饱和土体自由场响应解析解基础上,建立SV波入射下饱和土体自由场静、动力有限元模型。建模中考虑了如下几方面因素:(1)在不同分析步,对土体单元赋予不同材料本构。通过*model change命令进行单元生死设定,从而实现在初始应力场平衡的静力状态下采用DuncanChang本构模型,而地震波动输入时采用Davidenkov动力本构模型;(2)采用多孔介质黏弹性人工边界条件,在人工边界上分别施加固相和液相介质的弹簧和阻尼来模拟饱和土体中能量的传播;(3)将地震波转化为作用在人工边界上的等效地震荷载,施加到人工边界节点上;(4)土体单元采用4结点平面应变孔压单元(CPE4P)。有限元计算与解析解比较结果表明:SV波在垂直入射和掠入射时,竖向位移响应为零;在45°左右入射时,水平位移响应最大;60°左右入射时,竖向位移响应最大。这些结论与解析解吻合较好,本文模型为建立土-结构动力相互作用模型打下良好的基础。 相似文献
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The effect of topography and subsurface inhomogeneity on surface motion is investigated in the case of incident SV waves. Several types of topography, such as a cliff, a cliff with a soft layer and filled land, are considered. Computations are made using a new method combining a particle model with a finite element method. The accuracy of this method is discussed through comparisons with Wong's solutions, which are in good agreement. It is found that the surface displacement is very much influenced by surface irregularities when the incident wavelengths are comparable to the size of the topographic features. Rayleigh waves are strongly produced in the neighbourhoods of the slopes of a cliff and a cliff with a soft layer, the latter being a cliff adjacent to and covered at its foot by a soft layer. Thus, a zone of large amplification takes place near a slope, combining incident SV waves and Rayleigh waves. A large displacement also occurs at the upper corner of the slope. In filled land, vertical and horizontal displacements are produced, which are 3 times larger than those at a distance. The present results are considered to be significant from the viewpoint of engineering seismology. 相似文献
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地震滑坡往往会造成巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,而边坡在地震作用下的响应规律是研究地震边坡稳定性的首要问题。本研究利用FLAC3D有限差分软件建立多个边坡模型,进行边坡地形效应的地震动力响应分析,考虑的地形主要包括坡高、坡角、坡面形状等三方面的因素。将选取的地震波作用于不同模型,分析坡面加速度、速度放大比及坡顶坡脚傅里叶谱值,研究边坡几何形态对边坡地震响应的影响。结果表明,坡高对坡面的速度放大影响明显,坡角对坡面加速度放大效果较强,而不同的坡面形状会造成不同的加速度响应规律,凹面坡加速度放大效果更小一些。该研究有助于地震边坡的稳定性分析并为边坡工程的抗震设计提供参考。 相似文献
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基于极限分析上限法的原理,结合随时间变化的拟动力法,考虑地震、水力和坡顶超载作用下建立含张拉裂缝的顺层岩质边坡极限分析模型,并推导出边坡安全系数的表达式。结构面采用合理的水压力分布形式,且强度参数采用非等比例折减,分析边坡前缘是否堵塞,水平和竖向地震系数、张裂缝积水深度和坡顶超载对边坡安全系数的影响。分析表明:边坡前缘堵塞、水平地震系数、张裂缝积水深度和坡顶超载的增加,降低边坡的稳定性;竖向地震系数的增加提高了边坡的稳定性。随着非等比例折减相关系数的增加,边坡稳定性显著提高。因此结构面参数的变化规律需要得到关注。 相似文献
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顺层岩质边坡的抗震性指标大部分都是非确定的,无法用固定阈值衡量。提出基于非确定性分析法的顺层边坡抗震性性能研究,将顺层岩质边坡看作若干个叠加的薄板;运用非确定性分析法计算各个薄板的动力安全系数和动力极限状态方程,并对顺层边坡动力极限状态方程进行求解,可得在地震作用力下顺层边坡动力可靠度指标与顺层边坡失效概率之间的关系;评估地震作用力下顺层边坡整体稳定性,同时综合考量顺岩边坡的最小平均安全系数以及平均失效概率,得出评估结果。实验结果显示,在地震作用力下,顺层边坡坡高、坡角、岩层倾角对顺岩边坡抗震性能影响显著,评估结果与实际结果一致。 相似文献
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The influence of stochastic kinematic interaction (SKI) on structural response is investigated in this paper. The SKI is evaluated through a computational model based on the boundary element method (BEM) formulated in the frequency domain. The singular integrals required in the computation of BEM are evaluated in a closed form. It is assumed that the foundation input motion (FIM) is the result of the superposition of many plane, stationary, correlated stochastic SH‐, P‐ and SV‐waves travelling within a homogeneous viscoelastic soil at different angles. The results obtained indicate that the effect of SKI on the foundation response is qualitatively similar to that of wave passage. Both effects involve a reduction of translational components of the response at intermediate and high frequencies and creation of a rotational response component at intermediate frequencies, which decreases at high frequencies. While, it is found that the SKI decreases the maximum response of structures built on embedded rigid strip foundations excited by SH‐ and P‐waves, it increases the maximum response for SV‐waves, except when the natural frequency of the structure is less than 0.5 Hz and for short structures excited by shallowly incident SV‐waves. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Amplitudes of surface particle velocities are calculated when time-harmonic seismic waves of uniform amplitude are incident upon an arbitrary stratified elastic soil layer from the underlying bedrock. Whereas previous workers have mainly treated normally incident S waves, we allow the waves to be of SV, P, or SH types and to have arbitrary angles of incidence. Following standard practice the problem is set up as a matrix differential system, but in such a way that incident SV and P waves may be treated together (the system for SH decoupling). Though complicated, the 4 × 4 SVP system has considerable structure which is elucidated in Appendices 1 and 2. These results, though not altogether new, are of independent interest, and are gathered together in concise form for reference. The theory for low- and for high-frequency approximations is given. The main results of the work are illustrated by two numerical examples: Model 1 where the soil layer is homogeneous; and Model 2 where the soil layer has a linear velocity profile. 相似文献
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运用有限差分软件FLAC3D,建立了某一黄土边坡三维模型,首先对其在地震作用下的动力响应规律进行了总结,然后探讨了地震动参数对黄土边坡动力响应的影响。结果表明：黄土边坡对地震波存在垂直放大和临空面放大作用;当输入地震波振幅或频率增加时,坡面监测点加速度放大系数随坡高增加呈＂增加→衰减→增加＂的三段形态;速度放大系数随坡高的增大而增大,并在坡顶达到最大值;位移放大系数随振幅和频率的增加而增加;地震持时对加速度、速度峰值的影响不大,但坡体位移随持时的增加而显著增加。强震作用下的最大剪应变增量区域的位置和形状表明,黄土边坡的破坏模式仍是沿着某一弧形潜在滑动面失稳破坏。研究结果有助于进一步揭示黄土边坡在地震作用下的失稳机制,为黄土地区边坡抗震设计与防灾减灾提供参考。 相似文献
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在ABAQUS黏弹性人工边界时域波动方法的基础上,首先运用等效应力输入方法实现地震SV波倾斜入射,半空间算例验证该方法具有较好的计算精度,进而基于所建立的斜入射方法研究地震波斜入射对海河沉管隧道地震响应的影响。计算结果表明:SV波斜入射情况下,沉管隧道的地震响应规律与垂直入射时具有明显差异;随入射角增加,沉管隧道结构应力增大,应力较大点出现在沉管隧道的四个角点及隔墙与底板、顶板的连接处,其中中隔墙为最薄弱点;随入射角增加,侧墙和隔墙的相对最大水平位移增大,其中中隔墙位移最大;随入射角增加,沉管隧道结构竖向加速度峰值明显增大。因此在沉管隧道结构抗震设计中应考虑地震波斜入射的影响。 相似文献
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SV波入射情况下V型河谷地形对地震动的影响分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于局部人工边界的显式有限元方法,给出了二维V型河谷地形在SV波垂直人射下地面运动数值解,并分析其地震动分布规律以及两侧不同的边坡角度对于地震动分布规律的影响.数值结果表明:谷底的角点、两岸靠近河谷的点、两侧谷坡靠近谷底的点以及靠近两岸的点,对地表位移有放大作用,而对其邻近区域地表位移有抑制作用.这是由于角点处存在面的... 相似文献
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Chuanbin Zhu David P. Thambiratnam Jian Zhang 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(3):647-671
This research studies the impact of the incident angle of SH waves on the seismic response of two-dimensional sedimentary basins by using a nonlinear method. At first Ricker wavelet is input for a detailed analysis, followed by a statistical analysis based on a total of 100 real earthquake motions recorded at rock sites. The results show that the incident angle has a significant implication on the basin ground motion. First, the incident angle affects the short-period components more than the long-period ones of the spectral response acceleration, but the dominant period of the spectral response acceleration is insensitive to incident angle and location. Second, the MDIA of a basin is not necessarily 0° (vertical incidence) but in the range of approximately 0°–30°, and hence due attention should be paid to the influence of incident angle in seismic response analysis. Third, basin central areas are seismically preferable to edge regions for short-period buildings located on the basin, while, for long-period buildings, the edge areas become preferable. However, with the increase in incident angle, the difference between edge and central areas diminishes gradually. Finally, given that the dimensions of a basin are perceivable to incidence waves, the slope angle has a considerable impact on the PGA distribution pattern by controlling whether or not peak appears in the edge area. The MDP is most likely to be in the edge area of a basin with small slope angle when subjected to excitation with small incident angle (including vertical incidence). 相似文献
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As the economy of China develops, an increasing number of key traffic projects have been undertaken in the west of China, where there are high, steep rock slopes. The collapse of dangerous rock masses, especially following a strong earthquake, is one of common geological disasters known in rock slope engineering. Therefore, it is important to study the collapse mechanism of dangerous rock masses induced by an earthquake and the analysis approach of its stability. This study provides a simple and convenient method to determine the collapse mechanisms of two types of dangerous rock masses (i.e. cantilever and upright) associated with the definition and calculation of the safety factor, which is based on the flexure theory of a constant-section beam by combining with the maximum tensile-stress criterion to depict the process of crack propagation caused by seismic waves. The calculation results show that there are critical crack depths in each form of the dangerous rock masses. Once the accumulated depth of the crack growth during an earthquake exceeds the critical depth, the collapse will occur. It is also demonstrated that the crack extension amount of each step is not a constant value, and is closely associated with the current accumulated crack depth. The greater the cumulative crack depth, the more easily the crack propagates. Finally, the validity and applicability of the proposed method are verified through two actual engineering examples. 相似文献
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《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(4):100179
In this study, A time-domain seismic response analysis method and a calculation model of the underground structure that can realize the input of seismic P, SV and Rayleigh waves are established, based on the viscoelastic artificial boundary elements and the boundary substructure method for seismic wave input. After verifying the calculation accuracy, a comparative study on seismic response of a shallow-buried, double-deck, double-span subway station structure under incident P, SV and Rayleigh waves is conducted. The research results show that there are certain differences in the cross-sectional internal force distribution characteristics of underground structures under different types of seismic waves. The research results show that there are certain differences in the internal force distribution characteristics of underground structures under different types of seismic waves. At the bottom of the side wall, the top and bottom of the center pillar of the underground structure, the section bending moments of the underground structure under the incidences of SV wave and Rayleigh wave are relatively close, and are significantly larger than the calculation result under the incidence of P wave. At the center of the side wall and the top floor of the structure, the peak value of the cross-sectional internal force under the incident Rayleigh wave is larger than the calculation result under SV wave. In addition, the floor of the underground structure under Rayleigh waves vibrates in both the horizontal and vertical directions, and the magnification effect in the vertical direction is more significant. Considering that the current seismic research of underground structures mainly considers the effect of body waves such as the shear waves, sufficient attention should be paid to the incidence of Rayleigh waves in the future seismic design of shallow underground structures. 相似文献
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越来越多的研究表明来自基岩的地震波并不是垂直地面向上传播的。地震波在斜入射与垂直入射时所产生的场地效应有很大不同,由于存在全反射现象,SV波在斜入射时产生的场地效应更为复杂。文章基于均匀弹性半空间地震波传播理论,分别推导得到SV波入射角在小于、大于等于临界角时地震动的计算表达式,通过模型算例研究SV波全反射作用下的地震动特性。研究发现：由SV波产生的地震动主要由入射波和反射波构成,滑行波作用可以忽略;地面运动轨迹具有面波旋转振动特点;随着入射角的增大,地面震动从以水平方向振动为主逐渐过渡到以垂直方向振动为主,两个方向的振动均小于入射波峰值的2倍。 相似文献