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用二维磁流体力学数值模拟研究了磁层顶的磁场湍动重联．提出了一个新的磁场湍动重联模型．数值模拟表明，如果磁层顶是一个开放系统并同时存在磁场剪切和流场剪切，当雷诺数和磁雷诺数超过某临界数值时，磁场重联具有很强的湍动特性，可产生许多不同尺度的磁岛和涡旋结构．随着雷诺数和磁雷诺数的增大和减小，大尺度结构能破碎成中小尺度结构，小尺度结构也能合并成大中尺度结构．湍动重联是涡旋诱发重联在一定条件下的过渡．依据本文的模拟结果，我们预言：磁层预可发生准定常重联、瞬时局地重联和湍动重联等多种重联过程；大中小不同尺度的结构都可以存在于磁层顶；湍动重联及其所产生的中小尺度结构在太阳风－磁层的能量、动量和质量耦合过程中可起重要作用． 相似文献
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小尺度磁洞是一种尺度通常小于质子回旋半径的磁结构,其特征是该结构内的磁场强度相对于周围环境存在一个显著的减弱.这种结构可能与能量转换和粒子加速、磁场重联和动力学尺度上的湍流密切相关.最近,小尺度磁洞在金星和火星磁鞘中被报道.利用美国航天局MAVEN(Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN)卫星4个月的观测数据,本文统计分析了火星磁鞘中的小尺度磁洞的发生率.统计结果表明,小尺度磁洞主要出现在环境磁场强度在4≤B≤12 nT,等离子体的速度在250～450 km·s-1,密度在3≤N≤12 cm-3范围.在这个参数范围内,小尺度磁洞在背景太阳风流速相对更快、背景磁场相对更弱的时候发生率更高,且相对集中在背景密度在6～9 cm-3之间.此外,靠近火星磁鞘中心的小尺度磁洞的发生率要高于磁鞘两侧,这意味着火星磁鞘可能是小尺度磁洞的一个源区. 相似文献
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应用解析和数值相结合的方法求得了含有闭场区、中性片和开场区的二维局域磁静力平衡日冕基态，进而在此基态下数值研究了由电阻撕裂模不稳定性引起的磁场重联过程．结果表明，在电流片长度远大于其半宽度的情况下，仍将发生具有两个Ｘ线的磁场重联，形成磁岛和高温高密度的等离子体团．等离子体团运动的方向取决于闭合区底部等离子体压力和磁压的比值β０．当β０较大时，等离子体团向下运动，引起结合不稳定性和磁岛的合并，等离子体团中的等离子体不断落入闭合磁场区两侧．当β０较小时，等离子体团向上运动，导致电流片中等离子体的喷发．结果还表明，磁张力的分布是决定等离子体团运动方向的主要因子． 相似文献
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应用数值方法研究了日冕多层电流片中电阻撕裂模不稳定性的非线性演化和磁场重联过程,结果表明,计算区域顶部附近两侧电流片中的磁岛和等离子体团向上抛射,并携出大量的磁能和热能;中心电流片中的磁岛向下运动,逐渐演变成底部含有３个磁闭合区的冕流结构。进而在中心电流片中再次发生磁场重联,多次形成向下运动的小型磁岛,并与底部磁闭合区发生结合不稳定性。同时在磁闭合区中也有磁场重联发生,导致中心小磁闭合区的湮灭。初始电流片之间的距离趋近,上述演化过程越快。日冕多层电流片中的磁场重联过程可能对日冕物质抛射和日冕加热有着重要影响。 相似文献
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应用数值方法研究了日冕多层电流片中电阻撕裂模不稳定性的非线性演化和磁场重联过程,结果表明,计算区域顶部附近两侧电流片中的磁岛和等离子体团向上抛射,并携出大量的磁能和热能;中心电流片中的磁岛向下运动,逐渐演变成底部含有３个磁闭合区的冕流结构。进而在中心电流片中再次发生磁场重联,多次形成向下运动的小型磁岛,并与底部磁闭合区发生结合不稳定性。同时在磁闭合区中也有磁场重联发生,导致中心小磁闭合区的湮灭。初始电流片之间的距离趋近,上述演化过程越快。日冕多层电流片中的磁场重联过程可能对日冕物质抛射和日冕加热有着重要影响。 相似文献
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应用解析和数值相结合的方法求得了含有闭场区、中性片和开场区的二维局域磁静力平衡日冕基态，进而在此基态下数值研究了由电阻撕裂模不稳定性引起的磁场重联过程．结果表明，在电流片长度远大于其半宽度的情况下，仍将发生具有两个Ｘ线的磁场重联，形成磁岛和高温高密度的等离子体团．等离子体团运动的方向取决于闭合区底部等离子体压力和磁压的比值β０．当β０较大时，等离子体团向下运动，引起结合不稳定性和磁岛的合并，等离子体团中的等离子体不断落入闭合磁场区两侧．当β０较小时，等离子体团向上运动，导致电流片中等离子体的喷发．结果还表明，磁张力的分布是决定等离子体团运动方向的主要因子． 相似文献
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本文数值研究了地球远磁尾中流动撕裂模不稳定性所引起的磁场重联过程.结果表明,在短暂的指数增长之后,当磁岛宽度接近等离子体片厚度时,流动撕裂模不稳定性的增长率大大降低,最终磁岛宽度趋于饱和.磁岛的饱和宽度随着磁Reynolds数S的增大而减小,随着剪切流动层宽度δV的增大而增加.在S→∞的情况下,流动撕裂模将退化为流动颈缩模,磁场重联不再发生.当飞船通过由流动撕裂模不稳定性所形成的磁岛时,即可观测到磁场B_z分量由北转南或由南转北的现象. 相似文献
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背景太阳风对于地球附近的空间环境有着重要的影响,三维磁流体力学太阳风模型是背景太阳风研究和预报的重要工具.通过太阳光球磁场数据驱动的边界条件,我们发展了一个时变的行星际三维磁流体力学太阳风模型.使用这个模型,我们模拟了2008年全年的行星际背景太阳风,分析了该年太阳风结构全球特征的演化和行星际局地观测与日冕结构间的联系.实现了一套太阳风连续参数和特征结构模拟质量的定量评估方法.对2008年模拟结果的评估表明,模型较好地重现了背景太阳风的大尺度特征.模拟与观测速度间的相关性系数达到了0.6以上,行星际磁场强度与观测吻合得较好,捕获了全部的行星际磁场极性反转和82.76%的流相互作用区,行星际磁场极性反转的误报率仅为6.67%,流相互作用区的误报率仅为11.11%,两种结构的到达时间误差在1天左右.同时,通过综合分析评估结果,我们明确了高速流结构、内边界磁场分布等模型在进一步改进中需要重点注意的问题. 相似文献
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Ulysses 是迄今为止第一次沿独特的日球纬度方向考察日球高纬度空间区域的飞船。本文描述了 Ulysses 飞船的部分主要观测结果,并进行了分析,在 Ulysses 飞船穿越太阳南,北极之前,科学家们提出了各种不同的太阳风速度、磁场等参量的纬向变化模型。分析表明,这些模型都不能解释 Ulysses 飞船的观测结果。Ulysses 飞船的观测对经典的太阳风理论提出了挑战,太阳风的加热与加速是一个远没有被解决的问题。观测与分析表明,经典热传导不可能驱动高速流,太阳风的加速伴随着加热的发生,而加热率大小可能与离子的回旋频率有关;太阳风的热源可能不是单一的形式,而且不同形式的热源对太阳的加热贡献大小与日球径向距离有关。本文讨论并分析了几种可能的太阳风加热与加速机制。 相似文献
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Short-lived plasma jets of various scales, from giant X-ray jets more than 300 Mm in extent to numerous small jets with sizes
typical of macrospicules, are the phenomena observed in the solar corona in extreme ultraviolet and X-ray emission. Small
jets are particularly prominent in polar coronal holes. They are close neighbors of tiny bright loops and coincide in time
with their sudden brightening and increase in size. The geometric shape of the jets and their location suggest that they arise
near singular null points of the coronal magnetic field. These points appear in coronal holes due to the emergence of small
bipolar or unipolar magnetic structures within large-scale unipolar cells. Polar jets show a distinct vertical plasma motion
in a coronal hole that introduces significant momentum and mass into the solar wind flow. Investigating the dynamics of polar
jets can elucidate certain details in the problem of fast solar wind acceleration. 相似文献
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本文给出了利用高频天波返回散射雷达对1987年9月23日日环食电离层效应的观测结果.分析表明,日食期间在日环食带电离层存在明显的不均匀结构和小尺度的波动,而日食过后在见食电离层区域出现大尺度的波动现象. 相似文献
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本文给出了利用高频天波返回散射雷达对1987年9月23日日环食电离层效应的观测结果.分析表明,日食期间在日环食带电离层存在明显的不均匀结构和小尺度的波动,而日食过后在见食电离层区域出现大尺度的波动现象. 相似文献
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K. J. Trattner S. A. Fuselier T. K. Yeoman C. Carlson W. K. Peterson A. Korth H. Reme J. A. Sauvaud N. Dubouloz 《Surveys in Geophysics》2005,26(1-3):281-305
Downward precipitating ions in the cusp regularly exhibit sudden changes in ion energy distributions, forming distinctive structures that can be used to study the temporal/spatial nature of reconnection at the magnetopause. When observed simultaneously with the Polar, FAST, and Interball satellites, such cusp structures revealed remarkably similar features. These similar features could be observed for up to several hours during stable solar wind conditions. Their similarities led to the conclusion that large-scale cusp structures are spatial structures related to global ionospheric convection patterns created by magnetic merging and not the result of temporal variations in reconnection parameters. The launch of the Cluster fleet allows cusp structures to be studied in great detail and during changing solar wind conditions using three spacecraft with identical plasma and field instrumentation. In addition, Cluster cusp measurements are linked with ionospheric convection cells by combining the satellite observations with SuperDARN radar observations that are used to derive the convection patterns in the ionosphere. The combination of satellite observations with ground-based observations during variable solar wind conditions shows that large-scale cusp structures can be either spatial or temporal. Cusp structures can be described as spatial features observed by satellites crossing into spatially separated flux tubes. Cusp structures can also be observed as poleward-traveling (temporal) features within the same convection cell, most probably caused by variations in the reconnection rate at the magnetopause. 相似文献
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Magnetohydrodynamic compressive fluctuations of the interplanetary plasma in the region from 0.3 to 1 AU have been characterized in terms of their polytropic index. Following Chandrasekhar’s approach to polytropic fluids, this index has been determined through a fit of the observed variations of density and temperature. At least three different classes of fluctuations have been identified: (1) variations at constant thermal pressure, in low-speed solar wind and without a significant dependence on distance, (2) adiabatic variations, mainly close to 1 AU and without a relevant dependence on wind speed, and (3) variations at nearly constant density, in fast wind close to 0.3 AU. Variations at constant thermal pressure are probably a subset of the ensemble of total-pressure balanced structures, corresponding to cases in which the magnetic field magnitude does not vary appreciably throughout the structure. In this case the pressure equilibrium has to be assured by its thermal component only. The variations may be related to small flow-tubes with approximately the same magnetic-field intensity, convected by the wind in conditions of pressure equilibrium. This feature is mainly observed in low-velocity solar wind, in agreement with the magnetic topology (small open flow-tubes emerging through an ensemble of closed structures) expected for the source region of slow wind. Variations of adiabatic type may be related to magnetosonic waves excited by pressure imbalances between contiguous flow-tubes. Such imbalances are probably built up by interactions between wind flows with different speeds in the spiral geometry induced by the solar rotation. This may account for the fact that they are mainly found at a large distance from the sun. Temperature variations at almost constant density are mostly found in fast flows close to the sun. These are the solar wind regions with the best examples of incompressible behaviour. They are characterized by very stable values for particle density and magnetic intensity, and by fluctuations of Alfvénic type. It is likely that temperature fluctuations in these regions are a remnant of thermal features in the low solar atmosphere. In conclusion, the polytropic index appears to be a useful tool to understand the nature of the compressive turbulence in the interplanetary plasma, as far as the frozen-in magnetic field does not play a crucial role. 相似文献
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High-performance computational models are required to make the real-time or faster than real-time numerical prediction of adverse space weather events and their influence on the geospace environment. The main objective in this article is to explore the application of programmable graphic processing units (GPUs) to the numerical space weather modeling for the study of solar wind background that is a crucial part in the numerical space weather modeling. GPU programming is realized for our Solar-Interplanetary-CESE MHD model (SIP-CESE MHD model) by numerically studying the solar corona/interplanetary solar wind. The global solar wind structures are obtained by the established GPU model with the magnetic field synoptic data as input. Meanwhile, the time-dependent solar surface boundary conditions derived from the method of characteristics and the mass flux limit are incorporated to couple the observation and the three-dimensional (3D) MHD model. The simulated evolution of the global structures for two Carrington rotations 2058 and 2062 is compared with solar observations and solar wind measurements from spacecraft near the Earth. The MHD model is also validated by comparison with the standard potential field source surface (PFSS) model. Comparisons show that the MHD results are in good overall agreement with coronal and interplanetary structures, including the size and distribution of coronal holes, the position and shape of the streamer belts, and the transition of the solar wind speeds and magnetic field polarities. 相似文献
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This paper presents a brief review of selected publications concerning dynamical chaos and persistence in various solar–terrestrial phenomena ranging from solar activity to climate dynamics. It draws attention to the advanced approaches known in many research areas (meteorology, hydrology, biology, economics, etc.), but not yet sufficiently used in solar–terrestrial physics. First, we introduce the concepts of dynamical (deterministic) chaos and fractional Brownian motion. Next, we discuss appropriate methods—fluctuation analysis and nonlinear time series analysis—for treatment of erratic time series based on these concepts. We outline some pitfalls and problems in the application of the discussed methods to empirical data. Finally, we present selected empirical evidence for persistence and dynamical chaos in solar activity, solar wind, magnetosphere and ionosphere, weather and climate systems. 相似文献