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1.
The origin of the Benue trough has been a controversial subject. Previous workers in the area have evolved several theories ranging from a rift, with or without plate tectonic concepts (King, 1950; Wright, 1968, 1970; Burke et al., 1970; Grant, 1971; Olade, 1975) to a geosyncline (Lees, 1952) and a combination of both (Cratchley and Jones, 1965; Offodile, 1976) to explain the origin of the trough. One of the aims of the gravity survey, carried out in the middle Benue and discussed in this paper, was to attempt to resolve some of the problems associated with the origin of the trough as proposed by previous workers and in so doing to explain the geological peculiarities associated with the trough.
Interpretations of the gravity data along two north—south profiles in the survey area indicated the existence of a rift, of normal width (about 40 km) buried under the Cretaceous cover and located between the central axis (ridge) of the trough and the northern boundary of the trough. The gravity minimum which occurs south of the central axis of the trough, was also ascribed to another rift. Thus the Benue trough is considered to consist of two parallel rifts separated by the axial ridge which partly explains the abnormal width of the trough. The interpreted models also indicate a low-angle thrust fault, with a small displacement, which may be related to the folding of the sediments in the trough and also to the asymmetry of the trough. Furthermore, the gravity data suggest that oceanic crust might not have reached the ground surface in the Benue trough, as in the Red Sea, before rifting ceased. 相似文献
2.
Using surface charts at 0330GMT, the movement of the monsoon trough during the months June to September 1990 at two fixed
longitudes, namely 79°E and 85°E, is studied. The probability distribution of trough position shows that the median, mean
and mode occur at progressively more northern latitudes, especially at 85°E, with a pronounced mode that is close to the northern-most
limit reached by the trough. A spectral analysis of the fluctuating latitudinal position of the trough is carried out using
FFT and the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM). Both methods show significant peaks around 7.5 and 2.6 days, and a less significant
one around 40–50 days. The two peaks at the shorter period are more prominent at the eastern longitude. MEM shows an additional
peak around 15 days. A study of the weather systems that occurred during the season shows them to have a duration around 3
days and an interval between systems of around 9 days, suggesting a possible correlation with the dominant short periods observed
in the spectrum of trough position. 相似文献
3.
利用高精度三维地震数据结合钻井资料,分析了义东地区构造特征,恢复了构造演化过程,剖析了义东断槽的形成机理。研究表明,NW和NE向断层将义东地区切割成“两山一槽二台阶”的构造格局,义东断槽夹持于NW向义古56断层与义古991断层之间。SN剖面上,断槽内古生界残留厚度较为稳定,中生界由北向南减薄,而古近纪孔店组则由东向西减薄;EW剖面上,义古991断层前缘形成多条叠瓦状逆断层,后缘伴生一系列阶梯状正断层,表现为“前压后张”,具有重力滑动构造的特征。平衡剖面分析表明,义东地区经历了稳定、挤压、反转、裂陷及拗陷等5个演化阶段。裂陷阶段,义古56、义古991、义东等断层将义东断槽基底切割成孤立的块体,并在断块掀斜作用下,发生由东向西的重力滑动,义东断槽形成并定型。因此,义东断槽的形成受控于重力滑动,其中喜马拉雅早期的裂陷运动是重力滑动的基础,宽缓的义古991断层断面是重力滑动的必要条件,义东断层下盘抬升造成的地层掀斜是重力滑动构造的触发机制。 相似文献
4.
太白山分布有更新世冰川地形,其冰川槽谷在平面上呈“十”字型排列;横剖面EW向的呈宽谷形,NS向是呈U型:纵剖面EW向比较平坦,SN向呈阶梯状,其中有许多断裂陡坎。冰斗均位于断裂交汇点,面积不大而深度却相当大。这些地形的形态特征可以用构造加以解释,断裂破碎带是最有利于冰川刨蚀的地段。 相似文献
5.
6.
J.D. Fairhead 《Tectonophysics》1973,20(1-4):261-267
Seismic refraction profiles now number 9 in the Gulf of Aden and 15 in the Red Sea with a further intensive study by the Cambridge University group between latitudes 22 and 23°N. The results of these surveys indicate that the main trough of the Gulf of Aden is underlain by oceanic crust while only the deep axial zone and a questionable amount of the main trough of the Red Sea are underlain by oceanic crust.
Seismic reflexion profiles reveal the nature of Layer 1 and the upper surface of Layer 2. A strong subbottom reflector is found beneath the main trough of the Red Sea at 0.5 km but is found to be absent in the axial zone. This survey together with the refraction work and geological evidence suggests a complex history for the main trough of the Red Sea. Reflexion profiles and dredging in the Gulf of Aden indicate that the thickness of sediments increases away from the central rough zone and that the sediment is underlain by volcanic material. 相似文献
7.
四川盆地东北部宣汉县樊哙以东地区晚二叠世-早三叠世飞仙关期碳酸盐岩台地相-海槽相剖面均出露地表。分隔台地相和海槽相的碳酸盐岩斜坡相的鸡唱剖面距台地边缘相剖面不足１ｋｍ。根据地面露头碳酸盐岩斜坡相带的特征,可在四川盆地北部环开江-梁平海槽的地震反射剖面上有效地识别出碳酸盐岩斜坡相,并划分出浅水、深水碳酸盐沉积区。斜坡相具有明显的倾斜反射,海槽相区大隆组及飞仙关组底部泥岩的强振幅反射在斜坡下部向台地上超并消失。深水相区上二叠统地震波双程反射时间都小于１００ｍｓ且明显短于飞仙关组,而台地相区上二叠统双程反射时间多大于１５０ｍｓ,且与上覆飞仙关组地震波反射时间相近或略长。碳酸盐岩斜坡相倾斜反射的特征表明环海槽的碳酸盐岩斜坡开始发育于晚二叠世中期,并随海侵向碳酸盐岩台地方向迁移,在晚二叠世末期海侵达到顶峰时形成最陡峭的斜坡。飞仙关期斜坡随海平面缓慢下降而逐渐向海槽方向迁移并变缓。晚二叠世末期海槽南端梁平地区斜坡坡度在３°左右,向北东、北西方向变陡,宣汉地区约２０°,苍溪、仪陇地区最高达４０°以上,海槽呈向北逐渐加深的箕形。根据晚二叠世末期斜坡倾斜反射高度计算,开江-梁平海槽的水深在３５０～４５０ｍ左右。苍溪、仪陇及梁平地区飞仙关组斜坡进积明显,宣汉地区的斜坡以加积为主。目前钻遇的最厚鲕滩储集层位于宣汉加积斜坡附近的台地边缘,单井的鲕粒白云岩储集层厚度超过３００ｍ。 相似文献
8.
9.
滩槽复式河道是冲积河流中最为常见的一种形态,也是河流动力学研究最为重要的内容之一。以复式河道概化试验数据和水沙运动的区域性特征为依据,在提出滩槽复式断面主槽平衡区、滩槽交互区、滩地平衡区以及边壁区4个分区的基础上,将水流流态最为复杂的滩槽交互区进一步划分为对数流速区（内区）和非对数流速区（外区）,通过引入描写动植物生长过程的S型曲线,提出了内外区分界线的确定方法。以滩槽交互区横向分布公式为基础,通过线性假定和积分变换,给出了滩槽交互区内断面平均流速和含沙量的计算公式,并对不同分区内的流速和含沙量的差异性进行了比较分析。 相似文献
10.
冲绳海槽西部陆坡第四纪沉积地层划分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
冲绳海槽西部陆坡是认识深海斜坡沉积的重要区域。通过对高分辨率地震资料的精细解释,结合已有的研究成果,在冲绳海槽西部陆坡海底以下识别出4个主要的地震层序界面,相应地划分出四个主要地震层序,各层序分别对应全新世沉积层(Q4)、晚更新世沉积层(Q3)、中更新世沉积层(Q2)和早更新世沉积层(Q1)。从陆坡上部往下由斜交前积反射结构过渡到杂乱的反射结构,在地震剖面上可识别出杂乱的丘形反射单元,是滑塌体和重力流沉积的典型地震反射特征,反映出一种高能的、极不稳定的沉积环境。海槽轴部以平行-亚平行的地震反射特征为主,显示了稳定的深海-半深海的沉积环境。地震反射结构的多样性反映了冲绳海槽西部陆坡沉积环境的复杂性和沉机作用类型的多样性,沉积地层结构是多种因素共同作用的结果。东海陆架和冲绳海槽发育相同的第四纪地层垂向序列,同时冲绳海槽西部陆坡与东海陆架第四纪沉积层在层序界面、沉积层厚度、变形程度和产状等方面存在着差异,单靠地震资料来进行两个地区的地层对比存在着不确定性。 相似文献
11.
Surface expression of the Chicxulub crater 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Analyses of geomorphic, soil, and topographic data from the northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, confirm that the buried Chicxulub impact crater has a distinct surface expression and that carbonate sedimentation throughout the Cenozoic has been influenced by the crater. Late Tertiary sedimentation was mostly restricted to the region within the buried crater, and a semicircular moat existed until at least Pliocene time. The topographic expression of the crater is a series of features concentric with the crater. The most prominent is an approximately 83-km-radius trough or moat containing sinkholes (the Cenote ring). Early Tertiary surfaces rise abruptly outside the moat and form a stepped topography with an outer trough and ridge crest at radii of approximately 103 and approximately 129 km, respectively. Two discontinuous troughs lie within the moat at radii of approximately 41 and approximately 62 km. The low ridge between the inner troughs corresponds to the buried peak ring. The moat corresponds to the outer edge of the crater floor demarcated by a major ring fault. The outer trough and the approximately 62-km-radius inner trough also mark buried ring faults. The ridge crest corresponds to the topographic rim of the crater as modified by postimpact processes. These interpretations support previous findings that the principal impact basin has a diameter of approximately 180 km, but concentric, low-relief slumping extends well beyond this diameter and the eroded crater rim may extend to a diameter of approximately 260 km. 相似文献
12.
Yujiro Ogawa Tetsuzo Seno Hinako Akiyoshi Hidekazu Tokuyama Kantaro Fujioka Hidetsugu Taniguchi 《Tectonophysics》1989,160(1-4):135-150
The Sagami trough is located at the particular plate margin where the Izu forearc is subducted underneath the Honshu forearc. At its southeastern end, the world's only known TTT-type triple junction (Boso triple junction) has developed. Several different kinds of basins occur in different segments along the Sagami trough and at the triple junction. The bathymetric, geologic, and geophysical data obtained during the Kaiko Project and from additional studies are summarized together with our onland studies. We suggest that the right-lateral oblique plate motion formed an eduction margin in the Sagami basin, while a normal subduction margin and an oblique subduction margin have been formed in the Middle Sagami trough basin. These tectonic phenomena resulted from the long-lasting compressional covergence between the Philippine Sea plate and Eurasian plate since the early or middle Miocene. The North basin on the northeasternmost margin of the Philippine Sea plate near the Boso triple junction has developed as a stretched basin due to the westward motion of the Philippine Sea plate with respect to the Eurasian plate. 相似文献
13.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1733-1741
The edge trough in the East Carpathians includes an inner zone that developed adjacent to the Carpathian geosyncline, a deep trough filled with thick Miocene and Pliocene sediments. The Miocene beds have been extensively folded and overthrust. The edge trough also includes an outer zone which is the depressed edge of the platform covered by Tortonian and Sarmatian sediments. The structure and geologic history of the platform part of this trough is based on much borehole data and detailed geologic and geophysical surveys. The stratigraphy is discussed and thicknesses of the Tortonian and lower Sarmatian for different localities are given in Table 1. Figure 1 shows the structure of the outer zone; contours are drawn on top of the Tiras (gypsum-anhydrite) formation. Several zones of rapidly varying thickness in the Tortonian and lower Sarmatian sediments correspond to major northwest striking basement faults, which are responsible for the block structure of much of the outer zone. These basement faults, first demonstrated by geophysics and then examined in numerous boreholes, show that the dip of lower Sarmatian and Tortonian rocks increases with depth from about 10-15° up to 35-45°. Gentle flexures in upper horizons become larger downwards and pass into downfaults. Movements occurred during deposition. Figure 2 gives geologic sections showing faults in the outer zone. All dislocations form a definite fault system oriented obliquely with respect to the main strike of the Alpine tectonic elements. There are frequent signs of tectonic movements throughout the Miocene.—W.D. Lowry 相似文献
14.
New deep reflection seismic, bathymetry, gravity and magnetic data have been acquired in a marine geophysical survey of the southern South China Sea, including the Dangerous Grounds, Northwest Borneo Trough and the Central Luconia Platform. The seismic and bathymetry data map the topography of shallow density interfaces, allowing the application of gravity modeling to delineate the thickness and composition of the deeper crustal layers. Many of the strongest gravity anomalies across the area are accounted for by the basement topography mapped in the seismic data, with substantial basement relief associated with major rift development. The total crustal thickness is however quite constant, with variations only between 25 and 30 km across the Central Luconia Platform and Dangerous Grounds. The Northwest Borneo Trough is underlain by thinned crust (25–20 km total crustal thickness) consistent with the substantial water depths. There is no evidence of any crustal suture associated with the trough, nor any evidence of relict oceanic crust beneath the trough. The crustal thinning also does not extend along the complete length of the trough, with crustal thicknesses of 25 km and more modeled on the most easterly lines to cross the trough. Modeled magnetic field variations are also consistent with the study area being underlain by continental crust, with the magnetic field variations well explained by irregular magnetisations consistent with inhomogeneous continental crust, terminating at the basement unconformity as mapped from the seismic data. 相似文献
15.
This paper present the results of a study made to assess the grades of iron ore deposits in parts of Noamundi area using the hyperspectral image data (EO-1 Hyperion). The study involves hyperspectral image data, preprocessing (removal of atmospheric effects), spectral curve generation from the image, extraction of certain spectral parameters and spectral data analysis. Atmospheric correction was carried out by using algorithms involving atmospheric analysis of spectral hyper-cubes and Quick Atmospheric Correction modules. Spectral curves generated for the pixels that contain iron ores resemble the spectral signature of iron ores, i.e., very strong absorption at 850–900nm region is observed. The strength of the absorption varies spatially at different pixels. Hence, spectral parameters such as radius of curvature of NIR absorption trough (750–1000nm), position of NIR absorption trough and distance from a reference(100% reflectance) line have been derived for all the image-derived spectra and were compared with the concentration of iron in the ore samples of mines. Empirical models were generated by relating the image-derived spectral parameters of iron ore locations and geochemistry of the samples collected from the same location which shows a reasonable match. Strong negative correlation is seen between the radius of curvature of the NIR absorption trough and concentration of iron with a R2 value of 0.809. The position of the NIR absorption trough is seen to shift towards longer wavelengths with decreasing iron content and the distance from the reference line increases with increasing iron content. Thus, this study indicates that it is feasible to discriminate the grades of iron ores from the spectral parameters derived from Hyperspectral satellite images. 相似文献
16.
随着我国页岩气勘探的推进,在局部地区已经取得突破并建成一定规模的产能,但天然气资源保障形势依然严峻,亟需加强拓展页岩气新层系沉积环境和富集规律,以进一步扩大页岩气的勘探范围和规模。贵州石炭系黑色页岩作为新发现的页岩气目标层,具有较好的页岩气勘探前景。由于受水城—紫云裂陷槽的控制,贵州石炭系沉积相变复杂,开展该页岩地层的沉积相和沉积模式研究,总结页岩沉积富集特征,有利于推进其页岩气勘探进程。本文通过研究揭示贵州石炭系页岩地层可划分为裂陷槽两侧边缘斜坡相,槽内过渡浅海—半深海相,裂陷槽内槽盆相,水城地区隆起浅海相,威宁地区潮坪—潟湖相沉积,总结具有裂谷边缘—槽盆滞留沉积模式。浅海相、浅海—半深海相、槽盆相、湖盆相是黑色页岩沉积富集的有利区,而具体地层厚度、黑色页岩发育、总有机碳含量（TOC）、干酪根类型受沉积环境和物源区的影响控制明显。 相似文献
17.
The structure and geodynamic history of the northern Barents–Kara continental margin, which had formed mostly by the latest Paleozoic, have been investigated using offshore geological and geophysical data and geological evidence from adjacent landmasses. In the context of the suggested model, the Saint Anna trough is interpreted as a boundary tectonic element between the Svalbard and Kara plates. Thus, the study focuses on a complex tectonic node with its structure having implications for the trough origin, as well as for the history of geodynamic relations among Arctic cratons and microplates. Trough structures of different ages in the area, including the northeastern East Barents trough and the St. Anna trough, appear to be a zone of triple or T-shaped junction. The reported reconstruction of the trough system history since the Middle Paleozoic shows that the St. Anna trough joined the East-Barents system in the Late Permian–Triassic to become its new segment extending the system to the north. 相似文献
18.
青海省德令哈北部宗务隆地区成矿特征与找矿远景分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青海省德令哈北部地区位于宗务隆山晚古生代陆内拗陷带内,构造-岩浆活动十分强烈,宗务隆山群沿海西期NWW向拉分海槽分布,形成了"两隆夹一槽"总体格局,多处沿生长断裂形成喷流沉积岩的沉积作用,为本区喷流沉积成矿构成了有利条件.本文通过对区域地质背景、成矿构造环境、成矿地质特征及矿化分布规律的综合研究与分析,认为该区具有寻找... 相似文献
19.
大兴安岭南段早二叠世两类火山岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
大兴安岭南段二叠系大石寨组发育两套火山岩，即林西地区拉斑玄武岩系列的细碧－角斑岩类和大石寨地区钙碱性岩石系列玄武岩和玄武安山岩类。细碧岩的主元素以富铁为特征，成分类似于N－MORB，微量元素表现为岛弧拉斑玄武岩的地球化学特征。细碧岩类形成于大石寨裂陷槽强烈拉张的中心位置，是地幔源区较高程度部分熔融的产生。大石寨地区玄武岩和玄武安山岩类的化学成分表现为大陆缘弧火山岩的地球化学特点，形成于大石寨裂隙槽拉张中心以外的环境，是地幔物质较低程度部分熔融和地壳物质严重混染的产物。大石寨裂隙槽中火山岩的这种独特的成分和组合特点可能反映了裂隙槽的形成是一个快速而短暂的强烈拉张过程。 相似文献
20.
Analyses of bathymetry, gravity and seismic reflection data of the diffusive plate boundary in the central Indian Ocean reveal
a new kind of deformed structure besides the well-reported structures of long-wavelength anticlinal basement rises and high-angle
reverse faults. The structure (basement trough) has a length of about 150 km and deepens by up to 1 km from its regional trend
(northward dipping). The basement trough includes a rise at its center with a height of about 1.5km. The rise is about 10
km wide with rounded upper surface and bounded by vertical faults. A broad freeair gravity low of about 20 mGal and a local
high of 8 mGal in its center are associated with the identified basement trough and rise structure respectively. Seismic results
reveal that the horizontal crustal compression prevailing in the diffusive plate boundary might have formed the basement trough
possibly in early Pliocene time. Differential loading stresses have been generated from unequal crust/sediment thickness on
lower crustal and upper mantle rocks. A thin semi-ductile serpentinite layer existing near the base of the crust that is interpreted
to have been formed at mid-ocean ridge and become part of the lithosphere, may have responded to the downward loading stresses
generated by the sediments and crustal rocks to inject the serpentinites into the overlying strata to form a classic diapiric
structure. 相似文献