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1.
The concentrations of fifty trace elements, including relatively volatile elements and transition metal elements, in fused glasses of Geological Survey of Japan rock reference materials GSJ JR-2, JA-1, JA-2, JB-1a, JB-3, JGb-1 and JF-1 were determined by particle (proton) induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The fused glasses were prepared by rapid fusion and subsequent quenching in welded platinum capsules and were found to be homogeneous for major elements and for trace elements with concentrations of more than 1 μg g-1 within the observed precision (± 10% mean) on a 70 μm sampling scale. The values obtained by PIXE and LA-ICP-MS for the transition elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni and Cu), the relatively volatile elements (Zn, Ga, Rb and Pb) and the refractory elements (Y, Zr, Nb and Th) with concentrations greater than a few μg g-1 showed good agreement (within 10 % relative difference). The values for almost all the elements detected at concentrations higher than 1 μg g-1 as determined by LA-ICP-MS also agreed well with the reference values (mean relative difference < ± 10%), except for B and Cu. The good agreement confirmed the appropriateness of the NIST SRM 600 series glass calibration reference material for LA-ICP-MS analysis of glasses with variable major-element compositions for almost all elements. The concentrations of Cu in all the samples were lower than the reference values, which was attributed to adsorption of the transition metals onto the platinum capsule during preparation.  相似文献   

2.
Procedures for sampling, sample preparation and ICP-MS analysis of endemic sponges from Lake Baikal have been developed. Sample decomposition was carried out using an open acid decomposition with ultrasound treatment. The distribution of nineteen elements (Mg, Al, P, Ca, Ti, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Ba, La, Ce, Pb, Th and U) in different parts of a sponge's body (outer and inner layers and layers adjacent to the substratum) was studied. Detection limits were determined; these ranged from 0.013 to 4.12 μg g-1 for trace elements and from 23 to 130 μg g-1 for biogenic elements. The degree of elemental uptake by living substances is discussed with regard to the environment.  相似文献   

3.
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.  相似文献   

4.
Eleven synthetic silicate and phosphate glasses were prepared to serve as reference materials for in situ microanalysis of clinopyroxenes, apatite and titanite, and other phosphate and titanite phases. Analytical results using different micro-analytical techniques showed that the glass fragments were homogeneous in major and trace elements down to the micrometre scale. Trace element determinations using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and secondary ionisation mass spectrometry (SIMS) showed good agreement for most elements (Li, Be, B, Cs, Rb, Ba, Sr, Ga, Pb, U, Th, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb) studied and provide provisional recommended values.  相似文献   

5.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been applied to the determination of Rb, Sr, Ba, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Th, U, Pb, Sc and 14 REE in peridotites and their constituent minerals: garnet, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and olivine. Determination limits for most elements are 1–10 ppb (in the solid sample), with accuracy and precision comparable to those of thermal ionisation and spark-source mass spectrometry. New data on international standards PCC-1, DTS-1, UB-N and JP-1 are reported.  相似文献   

6.
The paper reports wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometric data on the abundances of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in the first-ever reported sample of spinifex-textured komatiite from India at Ghatti Hosahalli in Karnataka. With some exceptions, these abundances are similar to those reported for the spinifex-textured komatiite from the Barberton greenstone belt in South Africa. The values for some alteration-resistant element ratios — Ti/Zr, Ti/Y, Ti/Sc, Ti/V, Zr/Y, Zr/Sc, Sc/Y, V/Zr, and V/Sc — for chondrite and for spinifex-textured komatiites from Ghatti Hosahalli (India), Barberton (South Africa), Munro (Canada), and Yilgarn (Australia) reveal that, except for the Ti/Zr ratio for the Ghatti Hosahalli komatiite, the other ratios from the four terrains define a unique trend that is almost superimposed on the trend defined by these ratios for chondrite. This suggests that the processes of formation of komatiitic lavas from the four far-separated terrains were similar, and that, the source regions from which these lavas formed had a chondritic composition.  相似文献   

7.
ICP-MS测定地质样品中37个元素的准确度和长期稳定性分析   总被引：8，自引：10，他引：8  
对Elan6100DRC型ICP-MS近五年来所测得的国际地质标样BHVO-1(玄武岩)和AGV-1(安山岩)中的37个元素的测定值以及仪器灵敏度的长期漂移情况进行了统计分析(共计146次)。结果表明,几年来ICP-MS所测数据的长期稳定性和准确度都较好,除个别元素Li(BHVO-1)、Be(BHVO-1))、Cr(AGV-1)、Cs(BHVO-1)和Pb(BHVO-1)的相对误差(与参考值比较)接近或略大于10%外,绝大多数元素的相对误差和相对标准偏差(RSD,测定值之间,n=146)都在5%以内;仪器灵敏度并不是随着时间一直往下漂,有的是往上漂的,也有上下漂的,即使是在同一时间内,有的元素灵敏度往上漂,而有的往下漂。常用的内标法无法较好校正这种漂移,而需要采用内外标相结合的校正方法。不同批次,210个各种地质样品中Rb、Sr、Zr和Nb的XRF和ICP-MS分析结果对比情况表明,绝大多数样品中Rb、Sr、Zr和Nb的ICP-MS和XRF的测定值的相对误差小于10%。以上的分析结果表明,我们实验室所建立的以密闭高温高压消解技术为样品前处理方法,以模拟地壳样品中元素天然丰度比的基体匹配校正标准溶液为外标和以Rh为内标结合外标校正的ICP-MS多元素分析方法具有非常好的准确度和长期稳定性。  相似文献   

8.
Abstract: The present study demonstrates distribution and chemical forms of heavy metals in soils of the Almalyk mining and smelting industrial area along five transects. The study area is located in Almalyk, Uzbekistan, where the intensification of industrial enterprises negatively impacts the environment. The distribution of 17 heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Th, and U) were studied in 21 sampling locations (21×3=63 soil samples) along five radial transects with a total length of 60?km downwind deposition gradient. Soil samples were collected from the upper layer (0–10?cm) at 4–6?km intervals. As a result of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analyses by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF, Philips Analytical Ink, USA ), a significant decrease in heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb) deposition was found going from the source in a downwind direction. Soil samples taken from the first location (near the pollution sources) showed higher concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb, and lower concentrations with increasing distance from the source. Obtained data showed different impact of pollution sources to heavy metal deposition and distribution in soils. The Almalyk mining and smelting complex is the major source of Pb, Zn and Cu enrichment in soils. Distribution of other trace elements does not exceed background content and suggests lithogenic background. This allowed us to divide these elements into two groups: (1) technogenic (Cu, Zn and Pb); and (2) lithogenic (Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Th and U) origins.  相似文献   

9.
National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) silicate glass SRM 610 is widely used as a certified reference material for various micro-analytical techniques such as SIMS or laser ablation ICP-MS. SRM 610 has been nominally doped with sixty one trace elements at the 500 μg g−1 level, but certified concentration data exist for only a few of these elements. This study reports concentration data for fifty nine trace elements obtained by ICP-MS, SSMS, LIMS, TIMS, INAA, AAS, and PIXE analyses of two different SRM 610 wafers. Most elements fall within a 10% band around a median value of about 440 μg g−1. The REE concentrations are shown to be constant to 3% (1 σ), thus emphasizing the value of SRM 610 as a reference material for REE analyses.
Comparison of our values with published data suggests that different SRM 610 wafers are, within errors, chemically identical for most elements. Exceptions to this general rule appear to be restricted to elements which were partly lost during the production of the glass, e.g. Ag and Br. On the basis of six independent determinations of Rb concentrations, which are systematically lower by a few percent than the reported NIST value, we argue that the certified Rb concentration may not be representative for all distributed SRM 610 wafers.  相似文献   

10.
延边天佛指山花岗岩年代学和地球化学研究表明,花岗岩中的锆石U-Pb年龄为(188.5±2.2)Ma,其侵位时间为早侏罗世。岩石总体上具有高硅、低铝、贫钙镁及富碱的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列I型花岗岩;富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Th、U、K等,相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Zr、Hf、Y、Yb等,显著亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等元素,δEu呈轻微程度负异常。该花岗岩岩浆源于地壳物质的部分熔融,可能形成于与古太平洋板块俯冲相关联的活动大陆边缘环境。  相似文献   

11.
NEW TRACE ELEMENT AND REE DATA IN THIRTEEN GSF REFERENCE SAMPLES BY ICP-MS   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Analytical data on 34 geochemically significant trace elements (Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, Pb, The, U and REE) by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), for 13 reference rock samples obtained from the Geological Survey of Finland are presented. For many elements, especially most of the heavy-REE, concentrations are reported here for the first time.  相似文献   

12.
High sensitivity and low detection limits would seem to make inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) an ideal analytical tool for determining low (sub-μg g-1) concentrations of the rare earth elements (REE), Y, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Sn, W, Mo, Th, and U in most mafic materials (e.g. Hall and Plant 1992). However, the generally "sticky" nature exhibited by most of the high field strength elements (HFSEs: Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Th and U) as well as Sn, W and Mo can result in spurious results due to memory effects transmitted between unknowns and calibration samples. This, in turn, can seriously compromise the sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of ICP-MS analyses for these elements in geological materials. Data resulting from analyses with poor accuracy and precision can lead to erroneous interpretation and misleading petrogenetic modelling. To resolve this problem, we propose an effective wash protocol for these critical trace elements.  相似文献   

13.
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and sulfur were determined in seventeen geological reference materials after extraction by pyrohydrolysis. Fluorine, Cl and S (as sulfate ions) were determined in the extraction solution by ion chromatography with detection limits of around 0.2 mg l−1. Bromine and I were measured by ICP-MS with detection limits of 1 μg l−1 for Br and 0.1 μg l−1 for I. For rock samples, using normal extraction conditions (500 mg of sample and 100 ml of final solution) detection limits were 40 mg kg−1 for F and Cl, 15 mg kg−1 for S, 0.2 mg kg−1 for Br and 0.02 mg kg−1 for I. These detection limits may be improved by increasing the amount of sample and hence the concentration of the final solution. Water was also determined using an extraction technique based on H2O degassing, reduction on zinc at 1000 °C and H2 manometry. Our results for fluorine, chlorine, sulfur and water are in good agreement with literature data. Very few reference materials have recommended values for bromine and especially for iodine. Among the analysed samples, three are new reference materials: BHVO-2, BCR-2 and AGV-2.  相似文献   

14.
塔里木地块西北缘的阔什布拉克钾长花岗岩富碱（Na2O+K2O平均836％>8％）,富钾（K2O/Na2O=127～147）,准铝质（A/CNK=082～088）,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩浆岩。岩石的稀土含量较高（ΣREE=26390×10-6～44575×10-6）,富集Th、U、Ta、Nb、Hf和Y等高场强元素和大离子亲石元素Rb,具有强的负Eu异常（δEu=0003～0019）,富集高不相容元素（Zr＋Nb＋Ce＋Y=368×10-6～531×10-6>350×10-6),高Ga（Ga/Al×10〖CS％0,0,0,0〗〖CS〗000=417～472>26）,显示出A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。岩石Th/U比值（平均为386）、Nb/Ta比值（平均为1275）和Rb Th富集、Ti亏损指示其壳源成因。对花岗岩进行的LA ICP MS微区原位锆石 U Pb 定年结果表明,花岗岩的结晶侵位年龄为2754±28 Ma。综合西南天山与塔里木盆地早二叠世花岗质岩浆活动的特点,认为早二叠世西南天山的后碰撞岩浆活动不仅在西南天山内部引起了强烈的花岗质岩浆活动,而且对塔里木地块西北边缘的花岗质岩浆活动也有显著的影响。阔什布拉克A型花岗岩也说明西南天山地区的碰撞造山作用在2754±28 Ma之前已经趋于结束,以南天山洋盆为代表的古亚洲洋已基本结束了其演化历史。  相似文献   

15.
Tests are described showing the results obtained for the determination of REE and the trace elements Rb, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, Pb, Th and U with ICP-MS methodology for nine basaltic reference materials, and thirteen basalts and amphibolites from the mafic-ultramafic Niquelândia Complex, central Brazil. Sample decomposition for the reference materials was performed by microwave oven digestion (HF and HNO3, 100 mg of sample), and that for the Niquelândia samples also by Parr bomb treatment (5 days at 200°C, 40 mg of sample). Results for the reference materials were similar to published values, thus showing that the microwave technique can be used with confidence for basaltic rocks. No fluoride precipitates were observed in the microwave-digested solutions. Total recovery of elements, including Zr and Hf, was obtained for the Niquelândia samples, with the exception of an amphibolite. For this latter sample, the Parr method achieved a total digestion, but not so the microwave decomposition; losses, however, were observed only for Zr and Hf, indicating difficulty in dissolving Zr-bearing minerals by microwave acid attack.  相似文献   

16.
为辨识黄河和长江入海沉积物中角闪石的物源差异,对采自黄河口段、长江口段以及废黄河口和苏北沿岸,共26个样点、38组粒度粗细不同的碎屑角闪石进行了矿物元素地球化学测试,获得了这些角闪石群体的50种常量和微量元素含量值.结果表明:不同粒级测量的同源角闪石元素含量除少数大离子活泼元素相对偏差较大之外,大部分元素含量差异性较小...  相似文献   

17.
Extreme enrichment of Sb, Tl and other trace elements in altered MORB   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
We have analyzed 25 trace elements (e.g., Sb, Tl, Sn, rare earth elements (REE), Th, U, Nb, Pb, Zr, Hf, and Y) in altered mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) from locations near the mouth of the Gulf of California. Our results imply that the heavy REE and Y are not seriously affected by seawater alteration, in agreement with previous studies. The elements Zr, Hf, Nb, light REE and Sr are enriched up to a factor of 2 in some extremely altered samples. However, element ratios between Zr, Hf, and Nb (e.g., Zr/Hf, and Zr/Nb) are not greatly affected, presumably due to the chemical similarity of these elements during any exchange process. The enrichment of Th and Sn is even higher. Antimony, Tl, Cs, Rb, Rb, and Ba are most easily altered by water-rock interaction and are therefore the best indicators for seawater alteration. The enrichment factor of the most mobile element Sb is up to 2000.

There is a weak correlation between the concentration in seawater and the enrichment factors. On the other hand, the worldwide pelagic clay pattern matches the enrichment pattern much more closely, and the limited data available for local oceanic sediments give an even better correlation. A plausible model to explain the enrichment pattern may be an elemental exchange between basalt and seawater that had interacted earlier with overlying sediments.  相似文献   


18.
采用低压聚乙烯镶边垫底的粉末样品压片制样,用PW2440X射线荧光光谱仪对多目标地球化学调查样品中Na2O、MgO、Al2O3、SiO2、P、K2O、CaO、Ti、Mn、Fe2O3、Co、Nb、Zr、Y、Sr、Rb、Pb、Th、Zn、Cu、Ni、V、Cr、Ba、La等组分进行测定。重点讨论了微量元素的背景选择和谱线重叠校正问题。使用经验系数法和康普顿散射线作内标校正基体效应,经标准物质分析检验,结果与标准值吻合,用GBW07308和GBW07310水系沉积物国家一级标准物质作精密度试验,统计结果RSD(n=12)除La、Cr、Co和Th<14.00%以外,其余各组分均小于6.00%。  相似文献   

19.
A critical evaluation of trace element data derived by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) analysis of over 40 geochemic reference samples shows that results for Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, and Th can be at least as good in terms of precision (better than ± 2 ppm (2s) or ± 3 % (2s relative), accuracy, and 3s detection limits (2 to 4 ppm) as those obtainable by other routine multi-element analytical techniques. Data obtained simultaneously for Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Pb and U are less precise because excitation conditions are less well optimised (with 3s detection limits of 6 to 12 ppm). The quality of data and the efficiency of simultaneous analysis of both sets of elements is well-suited to most geological applications. Following a critical appraisal of calibration accuracy, new trace element data are presented for 15 reference samples from the Geological Survey of Japan.  相似文献   

20.
Microanalytical trace element techniques (such as ion probe or laser ablation ICP-MS) are hampered by a lack of well characterized, homogeneous standards. Two silicate glass reference materials produced by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612, have been shown to be homogeneous and are spiked with up to sixty one trace elements at nominal concentrations of 500 μg g-1 and 50 μg g-1 respectively. These samples (supplied as 3 mm wafers) are equivalent to NIST SRM 611 and NIST SRM 613 respectively (which are supplied as 1 mm wafers) and are becoming more widely used as potential microanalytical reference materials. NIST however, only certifies up to eight elements in these glasses. Here we have compiled concentration data from approximately sixty published works for both glasses, and have produced new analyses from our laboratories. Compilations are presented for the matrix composition of these glasses and for fifty eight trace elements. The trace element data includes all available new and published data, and summaries present the overall average and standard deviation, the range, median, geometric mean and a preferred average (which excludes all data outside ± one standard deviation of the overall average). For the elements which have been certified, there is a good agreement between the compiled averages and the NIST data. This compilation is designed to provide useful new working values for these reference materials.  相似文献   

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