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本文通过分析实验室风浪周期分布,发现风浪周期累积概率分布曲线低于Longuet-Higgins理论结果,在小概率周期区域实验结果与理论结果的差异明显。对实验结果进一步分析发现,在谱不是很窄时,在小概率处风浪周期累积概率随谱宽度的增大而降低,这与窄谱假定下的理论结果相反,Longuet-Higgins理论结果在小概率处不便于描述周期分布随谱宽度的变化。根据实验结果提出风浪周期的Weibull分布经验公式,Weibull分布中的参数依赖于谱宽度。 相似文献
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应力腐蚀开裂的一种概率竞争机制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
１９９８年１月,采用极化曲线,慢应变速率及扫描电镜等试验技术,研究了奥氏体不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂。结果表明,奥氏体不锈钢在酸性氯离子溶液中处于活性阳极溶解状态,但去发生应力腐蚀开裂,其断口形貌具有解理特征。这种ＳＣＣ无法用钝化膜破裂一再钝化理论和氢脆理论解释。本文以阳极溶解和表变的相互作用,激光散斑干涉术对裂纹尖端应变行为的测量,断口形貌观察等实验结果为基础,结合韧性和脆性断裂概率竞争的观点,提出了 相似文献
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孙孚 《海洋学报(英文版)》1987,6(4):503-509
Based on the ray theory of waves and the linear model of sea waves, a joint distribution of periods and heights is derived. The theoretical expression has the same merits as those of Lon-guet-Higgins', but the wave height distribution is still Rayleigh's. 相似文献
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以大庆地区地质资料为基础，应用弹性力学问题的有限单元法．计算大庆地区东西剖面的应力场，分析多个指标的分布特点及其所指示的应力圈闭和流体活动特点，为今后油田的勘探和开发提供新依据。 相似文献
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用模糊集合观点讨论水团的有关概念 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文将划分水团的基本原则,概括为水团内部特征的相对均一性及其与外部海水的明显差异性。用模糊集合讨论了水型、水团和水系等有关概念。提出了用模糊集合观点定义水团及其核心、本体、边界与混合区的建议,并以1979年8月黄海和东海表层为例,给出了各水团的隶属函数。计算了其核心、本体、边界、混合区及贴近度,按其模糊性排出了顺序。 相似文献
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上层海洋浮游生物地理分布 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
确定海洋浮游生物的分布区域是海洋浮游生态学研究的首要任务之一,本文总结了上层海洋(0—200m)浮游生物地理分布的研究历史、已有的认知及全球变化的影响。对浮游生物地理分布的研究可以分为19世纪末期至20世纪70年代、20世纪80年代至2000年,以及2000年以后三个时期。根据分布区资料的时间长短,浮游生物分布区分为瞬时分布区和时段分布区。大洋浮游生物地理分布呈按纬度平行分布的九带式格局:赤道条带、2个中心区条带、2个亚极区条带、位于中心区和亚极区之间的2个过渡区条带及位于南北极海区的2个极区条带。洋流和水团是除过渡区条带之外的生物分布格局决定因素,而过渡区条带的可能调控机制为中尺度涡。在核心区内生物的构成相对稳定,但在不同位置生物的丰度比例可能不同,在环流中心可能有演替顶极。在分布区的外围,洋流和中尺度涡使得生物远离核心区,繁殖能力下降不足以维持种群,从而处于流放状态。相同分布格局的生物扩散能力不同,扩散能力最差的生物是核心种,最强的为先锋种。相邻水团中核心种和先锋种的交汇可以有不同的情形,交汇的位置也会经常发生周期性的变化。由于纬度的不同和陆地的阻隔,南北半球和不同大洋的相同条带之间有不同的种类。人类活动使得有些近岸种类发生了生物入侵,而全球变暖使得大洋浮游生物分布区向极区移动。随着分子生物学技术的普及发展,微食物网生物的生物地理分布研究也逐渐开展。我国的海洋生态学研究正在走向大洋深海,对全球尺度的海洋浮游生物地理分布的关注逐渐增加,也必将有所贡献。 相似文献
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The diurnal vertical migration of planktonic crustaceans may be divided into two types: Type 1, species with marked diurnal vertical migration; Type 2, species without marked diurnal vertical migration. The former may be further grouped into three patterns: Pattern 1, sinking by day and rising by night; Pattern 2, rising by dawn and evening and sinking by day and midnight; Pattern 3, rising by day and sinking by night. The latter may be further grouped into the following three patterns: Pattern 1, surface layer distribution; Pattern 2, bottom layer distribution; Pattern 3, even distribution between the surface and bottom layers. Among these patterns the two most common ones appear to be the sinking by day and rising by night' and the surface layer distribution. Most of the females are no more marked in the diurnal vertical migration than males in the Xiamen Harbour. The diurnal vertical migration of the animal become more and more conspicuous with the increase of the ages and varies markedly with season 相似文献
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The distribution of wave height in front of a vertical breakwater, the range of wave pressure fluctuation at different subsurface levels, and the wave periods have shown that they are practically invariable with depth and can be determined theoretically. The distribution of crest and trough of total pressures is the same as that of wave height. As far as different subsurface levels are concerned, the spectral constitution of wave pressure field and the regularity of attenuation of spectral components are analyzed at the vertical breakwater, and a new expression describing the equilibrium range of wave pressure spectrum obtained. 相似文献
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风暴作用下渤海中污染物(COD)输运的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文利用三维POM模式,分别就潮汐作用下和风暴作用下污染物输运进行了数值模拟;比较了两种驱动下渤海内污染物输运的差异。通过比较发现:风暴潮(尤其是寒潮)平均每年使渤海污染物总量的减少量是潮汐作用的3~4倍;每次风暴潮过程对渤海内污染物重新分布的作用与潮汐30天的作用是同量级的。所以,在研究渤海的污染物输运时,必须考虑风暴潮的作用,否则,会产生很大的误差。 相似文献
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G. De Backer M. Vantorre C. Beels J. De Pré S. Victor J. De Rouck C. Blommaert W. Van Paepegem 《Applied Ocean Research》2009,31(3):143-156
The results of an elaborate experimental investigation on bottom slamming of axisymmetric objects are presented. Drop tests have been performed on a hemisphere and two conical shapes with different deadrise angles. The test setup is designed so as to prevent small rotations of the test objects which cause scatter in the measurement data. The pressure distribution and evolution as well as the body motion parameters are measured during impact. By means of a high speed camera the water uprise is visualized and the wetting factor is determined for the cones. The results are compared with a three-dimensional asymptotic theory for axisymmetric rigid bodies with constant entry velocity. The ratio between the registered peak pressures and the asymptotic theory are in accordance with comparable experiments in the literature. The asymptotic theory, however, is found to be quite conservative, since the measured peak pressure levels appear to be approximately 50% to 75% of the theoretical levels. 相似文献
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The fundamental principle for differentiating water masses is a strict consideration of their relative "interior homogeneity" and obvious "exterior differences" with others in characteristics. The conceptions of water type, water mass and water system are dealt with on the basis of the theory of fuzzy sets. A proposal to apply the theory of fuzzy sets to define the water mass and its core, independent area, boundary and mixing area is put forward.As an example, the membership function of the surface water masses in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea in August, 1979, are considered. Their cores, independent areas, boundaries, mixing areas and the approximation degrees between different water masses are calculated respectively. The water masses are ranged according to their fuzzy degrees. 相似文献
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海水压强和水深超过2000m的里德堆和巴拉望海槽,可能是使活的鹦鹉螺Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus不能从菲律宾群岛向西分布的两大障碍。海流可能是影响鹦鹉螺类空壳分布最主要的限制因素。 相似文献