共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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改性提高膨润土阳离子交换容量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了焙烧活化、酸活化、氯化钠活化、溴化十六烷基三甲铵活化等改性方法对膨润土阳离子交换容量的影响。结果表明,450℃焙烧2 h,膨润土阳离子交换容量可提高30%以上,0.01 mol.L-1氯化钠和0.3 mol.L-1溴化十六烷基三甲铵活化处理均可使膨润土阳离子交换容量提高10%以上,0.1 mol.L-1盐酸活化处理对提高膨润土的阳离子交换容量效果不明显,还深入讨论了改性提高澎润土阳离子交换容量的机理。 相似文献
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为了解烟气脱硫酸性海水排放对天然海水中重金属的影响,设置初始pH(pH0)分别为5.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0等6个实验组,研究各组海水的pH、盐度、悬浮物以及Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb等重金属的变化规律。结果表明,随着实验的进行,各实验组水体的pH呈现开始升高、中期略降、后期趋稳的变化规律,且pH0越低,pH增加幅度越大;各实验组的悬浮物含量随pH的升高而增大,重金属含量和盐度均随pH的升高而降低。分析表明,藻类的光合作用是控制水体pH变化的主要过程,pH则是影响水体重金属含量的关键环境因子,符合pH越低、各重金属含量越高的普遍规律。因此,借助耐酸性藻类的光合作用提升水体pH,是减少烟气脱硫海水排放对天然海水中重金属的溶出、减轻重金属污染的可能途径。 相似文献
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掌握澳门附近海域沉积物的污染状况及特征,对于合理安排澳门海洋海岸工程疏浚泥的海洋倾倒,防止造成海洋污染有十分重要的意义。根据1997—1999年连续三年对澳门附近主要区域的海洋沉积物采样测定结果,通过分析认为澳门附近海域沉积物污染具有下列特征:1)沉积物中重金属和油类含量普遍较高,除了总Hg外均高于珠江口海区的其他港口;2)沉积物中污染物的分布受人类活动的影响明显,澳门内港受船只排污、码头作业、陆地工业和生活污水排放的影响,是澳门附近海域沉积物污染最为严重区域;3)受水质交换的影响明显,澳门外港、路环岛东北等区域受珠江径流影响水质交换较快,沉积物中污染物的含量较低,而内港由于水质交换较差,沉积物中污染物的含量相对较高;4)与沉积物的成分组成(吸附)有关,大部分污染物与沉积物中粉砂有较好的相关性,表明粉砂对污染物质有较广泛性的吸附能力,尤其是Cu、Zn、Cd、油类、有机质。 相似文献
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《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2017,(4)
以Cu、Cd、Zn、As、Hg、Pb、Zn、Sb等8种重金属元素为主要研究对象,采集研究区水样和土壤样品,测定重金属元素含量,分析其污染现状、空间分布和污染来源等特征,对其生态风险进行评价。研究表明,水体中,Sb超标率为100%,最大超标235.18倍,为主要重金属污染物;部分样品Cd、Pb含量Ⅰ类标准限定值而Ⅱ标准限定值,具有潜在生态风险。土壤中,Sb有91.97%的面积超过10×10-6,As、Hg、Pb、Cu分别有70.43%、61.54%、73.93%、16.67%的面积超过土壤环境质量一级标准,反映出这些元素对该区域土壤构成较大的生态风险。重金属元素高背景值区域基本和地质构造位置套合,表明研究区的重金属元素污染主要来源于地质构造活动导致的元素富集区,是区域土壤、水体中高含量重金属元素的重要来源。 相似文献
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海岸带是地球表层物质、能量和信息流通交换最活跃区域之一,具有动态变化的盐度、溶解氧等地球化学梯度,其界面过程体现在大气降水-河水-海水-地下水-沉积物之间的物质循环和能量交换。在人类活动与气候变化双重影响下,海岸带面临着气候灾害、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵、滨海湿地退化、水体富营养化以及重金属、新型污染物等生态环境问题,成为地球科学和环境科学领域研究的热点。本文围绕海岸带水文-生物地球化学循环、人类活动影响下的海岸带环境问题、海岸带环境对气候变化的响应、海岸带海陆交互界面观测新技术新方法4个方面,综述了国内外研究进展与发展趋势,展望了海陆交互作用及其生态环境效应研究的未来发展方向。 相似文献
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赵玉 《地球科学与环境学报》2020,(2):267-277
为了解渭河流域水体重金属污染现状及健康危害风险,沿渭河干流采集浅层地下水和地表水水样,采用单因子指数法和美国环境保护署(USEPA)健康风险评价模型揭示了水体中重金属Cd污染现状和健康风险。结果表明:2018年渭河干流地下水和地表水中Cd浓度分别为426.40~1104.27 ng·L^-1和224.70~1154.12 ng·L^-1;参照《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848-2017)和《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)得知,地下水和地表水中Cd浓度均在GB/T 14848—2017和GB 3838-2002Ⅰ~Ⅲ类标准限值内;水体中Cd浓度表现出明显的空间分异性,沿河流流向均表现为逐渐增加的趋势;地下水与地表水中Cd浓度高值区相一致,即集中分布于陕西省兴平市和渭南市临渭区;由水体中Cd浓度单因子指数评价结果可知,渭河干流水体中Cd污染属于清洁水平;沿河流流向,渭河中游和下游水体中Cd浓度单因子污染指数远高于上游;水体中重金属Cd对成人和儿童产生的致癌风险分别为(1.48~2.05)×10^-4和(1.84~2.55)×10^-4,说明水体中Cd对人体可能会产生一定的健康风险。 相似文献
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选择美国环境保护署EPA优控污染物NaP（萘）、Phe（菲）、Fla（荧蒽）、BaA（苯并蒽）、Chr（屈）、Pyr（芘）和BaP（苯并芘）7种多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,简称PAHs）作为研究对象,采用Level Ⅲ逸度模型对神农架大九湖地区PAHs多介质归趋进行了模拟,并利用神龙架大九湖大气、土壤、水体和沉积物中PAHs的实际监测数据对模型进行了验证;同时,将气候因素（温度、降水）对环境介质中PAHs转化的影响整合进模型中,探讨了气候变化对PAHs归趋的影响。结果表明:模型计算值与研究区PAHs监测值吻合良好,说明模型参数的选取合理可靠;不同PAHs的相间迁移通量具有一定差异,2环和3环PAHs则以沉积物向水体、水体向大气迁移为主,表现出由沉积物向水体和大气释放的特点,而4环和5环PAHs以大气向土壤和水体向沉积物迁移为主,体现出由大气向土壤和沉积物沉降的特点;温度与水-气、土-气和水-沉积物界面交换净通量存在明显的正相关关系,降水量与水-气、土-气界面交换净通量呈负相关关系,但与水-沉积物界面交换净通量呈正相关关系。本研究结果表明应重视因气候变化而引起的土壤、水体、沉积物的内源释放所造成的二次污染。 相似文献
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This study investigated the removal of heavy metal ions from cigarette mainstream smoke using chitosan. Chitosan of various deacetylation degrees and molecular weights were manually added to cigarette filters in different dosages. The mainstream smoke particulate matter was collected by a Cambridge filter pad, digested by a microwave digestor, and then analyzed for contents of heavy metal ions, including As(III/V), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II), by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The results showed that chitosan had a removal effect on Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II). Of these, the percent removal of Ni(II) was elevated with an increasing dosage of chitosan. Chitosan of a high deace tylation degree exhibited good binding performance toward Cd(II), Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II), though with poor efficiency for Pb(II). Except As(III/V), all the tested metal ions showed similar tendencies in the growing contents with an increasing chitosan molecular weight. Nonetheless, the percent removal of Cr(III/VI) peaked with a chitosan molecular weight of 200 kDa, followed by a dramatic decrease with an increasing chitosan molecular weight. Generally, chitosan had different removal effects on four out of five tested metal ions, and the percent removal of Cd(II), Pb(II), Cr(III/VI) and Ni(II) was approximately 55%, 45%, 50%, and 16%, respectively. In a word, chitosan used in cigarette filter can remove toxic heavy metal ions in the mainstream smoke, improve cigarette safety, and reduce the harm to smokers. 相似文献
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Discharge of heavy metals from metal processing industries is known to have adverse effects on the environment. Biosorption
of heavy metals by metabolically inactive biomass of microbial organisms is an innovative and alternative technology for removal
of these pollutants from aqueous solution. The search of marine actinobacteria with potential heavy metal biosorption ability
resulted in the identification of a novel alkalophilic Streptomyces VITSVK5 species. The biosorption property of Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp. was investigated by absorbing heavy metals Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). Physiochemical characteristics and trace
metal concentration analysis of the backwater showed the concentrations of different metals were lead 13±2.1 μg L−1, cadmium 3.1±0.3μg L−1, zinc 8.4±2.6μg L−1 and copper 0.3±0.1μg L−1, whereas mercury was well below the detection limit. The effect of pH and biomass dosage on removal efficiency of heavy metal
ions was also investigated. The optimum pH for maximal biosorption was 4.0 for Cd (II) and 5.0 for Pb (II) with 41% and 84%
biosorption respectively. The biosorbent dosage was optimized as 3 g L-1 for both the trace metals. Fourier transform infrared
absorption spectrum results indicated the chemical interactions of hydrogen atoms in carboxyl (-COOH), hydroxyl (-CHOH) and
amine (-NH2) groups of biomass with the metal ions. This could be mainly involved in the biosorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) onto Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp. The results of our study revealed Streptomyces metabolites could be used to develop a biosorbent for adsorbing metal ions from aqueous environments. 相似文献
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The photochemical degradation of triadimefon in seawater was investigated under different reaction conditions in this study. The results showed that triadimefon could be effectively degraded by the irradiation of a high-pressure mercury lamp and the photodegradation rotes were influenced by aquatic media, heavy metal ions and photosensitizers. The photochemical degradation of triadimefon followed the first-order reaction kinetic behavior, with the rate constants ranging from 0.0027 to 0.0128 min-1 under the studied conditions. The photolysis of triadimefon was slower in natural seawater than in distilled water or synthetic seawater. All the heavy metal ions studied in this paper had inhibition effects on the photolysis of triadimefon. Acetone, as a common photosensitizer, could accelerate the photolysis of triadimefon. Three photoproducts were identified by GC-MS analysis. Our study confirmed that photochemical degradation is an effective pathway to remove triadimefon in seawater. 相似文献
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我国岩溶区分布面积广,生态环境脆弱。岩溶区大量矿山开采活动产生的酸性矿山废水(AMD)严重威胁着区域生态环境安全。以岩溶区广泛分布的碳酸盐岩和玉米棒(生物质炭)等为原料,通过改性、造粒、覆膜的方式制备了一种可用于原位注入修复的碱基缓释材料(ASRM),并在室内模拟开展了丰水和枯水交替作用下的原位注入修复实验,以验证和查明ASRM原位修复酸性矿井废水中重金属的能力及去除机制。研究结果表明,碱基缓释材料(ASRM)可有效提高水体pH值,酸性矿山废水(AMD)修复后pH值从2.8提高到5~7,并对Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+和Cr3+等多种有害重金属有良好去除效果。XRD和SEM分析证明,反应沉淀物主要以FeOOH的形式存在。重金属的去除机制主要包括:①部分金属离子被以反应产生的氢氧化物等沉淀的形式去除;②反应体系产生的大量FeOOH可以吸附去除重金属。本模拟实验研究为利用缓释材料原位高效处理岩溶山区矿山AMD提供了可靠的理论和技术依据。 相似文献
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SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SULFHYDRYL CHITOSAN 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A new adsorbent for heavy metal ions, sulfhydryl chitosan (S-chitosan), was produced by treatment of chitosan with sulhydryl acetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Its structure was confrrmed by elemental analysis and FI‘-IR spectra analysis. The adsorption properties of sulthydryl chitosan for Cu(Ⅱ ), Cd(Ⅱ ), Pb(Ⅱ), Cr(Ⅲ) and Ni(Ⅱ) were investigated, and the effect of pH value on adsorption, adsorption kinetics, and selective adsorption was examined. It was shown that S-chitosan has good adsorption for Pb(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) like chitosan, is also insoluble in acid solution; has good adsorption kinetic properties for heavy metal ions; and can be used in acid solution. The adsorption capacities of S-chitosan can be affected by media acidity. The adsorbed Cu(Ⅱ) Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) could be eluted by diluted chlorhydric acid. 相似文献
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Chitosan composites and derivatives have gained wide attentions as effective biosorbents due to their low costs and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups. They have showed significant potentials of removing metal ions, dyes and proteins from various media. Chemical modifications that lead to the formation of the chitosan derivatives and chitosan composites have been extensively studied and widely reported in literatures. The aims of this review were to summarize the important information of the bioactivities of chitosan, highlight the various preparation methods of chitosan-based active biosorbents, and outline its potential applications in the adsorption of heavy metal ions, dyes and proteins from wastewater and aqueous solutions. 相似文献
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The Gulf of Suez Basin is a very mature and extremely prospective petroleum province.Many heavy oil fields have been found in the Basin, and such reserves are abundant.Characteristics and models of heavy oil are analyzed in this study based on tectonic, basin evolution, stratigraphic distribution and geochemical data. The best reservoirs of heavy oil are Miocene sandstone and limestone formations.Source rocks of hydrocarbon include deep limestone and shale of the Brown Limestone, the Thebes Formation and the Rudeis Formation. Thick evaporite rocks with rock salts and anhydrites deposited broadly throughout the basin are the most impor-tant regional seals, whereas Miocene shales are intraformational and regional seals that cover small areas.Heavy oil could be directly generated or densified during vertical migration along faults and reservoir accumulation. The heavy oil accumulation model is a mixed model that includes three mechanisms:fault dispersal, sulfocom-pound reactions and hydrocarbons generated from immature source rock.After analyzing the model and the dis-tribution of source rocks, reservoirs, heavy oil fields and structures, it is concluded that the potential heavy oil area is at the center of the basin. 相似文献
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Heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment： a review 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Heavy metals are released into environment from a wide range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Aquatic ecosystems are normally at the receiving end and in many cases, with lakes as intermediaries. Lacustrine sediments are important sinks for heavy metals and play a significant role in enrichment and remobilization of heavy metals in aquatic systems. Therefore, characteristics of heavy metal in lacustrine sediments become one of the important issues in environmental sciences. Progress in heavy metal research of lake sediments since late 1980s is reviewed comprehensively in this paper from over 100. The Highlights are placed on the establishment of aquatic sediment quality guidelines, references chemical speciation of heavy metals, heavy metal transport mechanisms in lakes, and high-resolution study of lake borehole cores. Meanwhile, suggestions for heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment in the future are proposed, including such issues as using integrated approaches to assess aquatic ecosystem, modem lake dynamic process, high-resolution evolutionary sequence and spatial differentiation of environments and international lake database, which should be referential to the promotion of research on heavy metal in aquatic system. 相似文献
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根据日照市海岸带两个重点海滩的沉积物调查资料,综合分析了重金属元素的分布特征。结果表明:由岸向海,森林公园海滩剖面样和海域表层样中重金属元素含量逐渐降低,万平口海滩剖面样中重金属含量逐渐减少,海域表层样中重金属含量先升高后降低;从北部到南部,森林公园海滩剖面样中重金属含量逐渐减少,万平口海滩剖面样中重金属含量先减少后增加,海域表层样中重金属含量变化不大。研究区重金属元素的含量与磁性物质的含量呈正相关,与沉积物的平均粒径呈明显负相关,符合元素粒度控制规律。沉积物中重金属元素等主要污染物含量较少,潜在生态危害系数较小,沉积物质量较好,污染程度较低。 相似文献
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高光谱遥感在地物精细探测方面具有较高的精度,能够实现弱缓信息的提取。应用高光谱遥感技术研究福建矾山高植被覆盖铜钼矿区重金属铜铅等元素与覆盖植被光谱胁迫相关性。通过对比分析矿区与非矿区典型植被光谱特征,在光谱特征分析结果基础上得出矿区典型植被均不同程度受到了重金属元素胁迫,并造成光谱曲线发生变异。在分析结果基础上,结合植被地球化学数据建立重金属与植被光谱胁迫相关性数学模型,提出矿区重金属与覆盖植被胁迫相关性。依据该模型可获得金属元素的空间分布,最终实现高光谱遥感技术在高植被覆盖区地质找矿中的应用。 相似文献