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1.
Books     
《Geology Today》1993,9(3):117-120
Book reviewed in this article: Hawai'i Volcano Watch: A Pictorial History, 1779–1991 by Thomas L. Wright, Taeko Jane Takahashi and J. D. Griggs The Care and Conservation of Geological Material by Frank M. Howie Quest for the African Dinosaurs: Ancient Roots of the Modern World by Louis Jacobs Mineral Science: An Introductory Survey by Keith Frye Fossil Prokaryotes and Protists by Jere H. Lipps (ed.)  相似文献   

2.
Books     
《Geology Today》1993,9(6):237-237
Book reviewed in this article:
Remote Geochemical Analysis: Elemental and Mineralogical Composition by Carle M. Pieters and Peter A. J. Enghert (eds)
Volcano by Susanna van Rose, Dorling Kindersley, 1993
Mammoths, Mastodons, & Elephants: Biology, Behavior, and the Fossil Record by Gary Haynes
Mountains and Minerals/Rivers and Rocks: A Geologist's Notes from the Field by M. Dane Picard
Excursion Guide to the Geology of East Sutherland and Caithness by N. H. Trewin and A. Hurst (eds)  相似文献   

3.
Fossil fission tracks in a stibiotantalite were revealed by etching and used for fission track dating. The fission track age of this specimen (2.3·108 yr.) is much lower than Pb/Pb and Rb/Sr ages of other minerals from the same area. The explanation for this discrepancy could be the only moderate track retentivity of stibiotantalite which is similiar to muscovite.  相似文献   

4.
Books     
《Geology Today》1990,6(5):168-171
Book reviewed in this article:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Earth Sciences by A. & M. Allaby (eds).
Palaeobiology: A Synthesis by Derek E. G. Briggs and Peter R. Crowther (eds).
Tectonics of Suspect Terranes: Mountain Building and Continental Growth (Topics in the Earth Sciences 3) by D. G. Howell.
Limestones and Caves of Wales by Trevor D. Ford (ed.).
Evolution and the Fossil Record by Keith Allen and Derek Briggs (eds).
Cataclysms and Earth History: The Development of Diluvialism by Richard Huggett.
Geology in Shropshire by Peter Toghill.  相似文献   

5.
Book reviewed in this article:
Tooley, Michael J. & Sheail. Gillian M. (eds.) 1985: The Climatic Scene  相似文献   

6.
Recent and fossil (prehistoric, Natufian) gazelle bones, dentin and enamel were analyzed for their oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of the phosphate and carbonate, as well as their crystallinity. Fossil bones and dentin have better crystallinity than recent specimens, indicating diagenetic change. Fossil enamel, on the other hand, is identical in crystallinity to recent enamel, indicating the lack of diagenetic alteration. Comparison of δ18O of carbonate and phosphate of the skeletal elements suggests that the coexisting phosphate and carbonate of both the recent and fossil specimens are close to isotopic equilibrium. This might suggest that both phases were affected by the same degree of diagenetic alteration, and that comparison of their δ18O is not useful for the selection of pristine material for paleoclimatic reconstruction purposes. Oxygen isotope analysis of gazelle enamel from the Natufian period from Hayonim Cave, Israel, show depletion in δ18O in comparison with recent enamel. This depletion is interpreted to represent a colder and/or wetter climate in the Natufian of northern Israel. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

7.
Fossil remains of Euceratherium collinum (extinct shrub-ox) have been found throughout North America, including the Grand Canyon. Recent finds from the Escalante River Basin in southern Utah further extend the animal's range into the heart of the Colorado Plateau. E. collinum teeth and a metapodial condyle (foot bone) have been recovered in association with large distinctively shaped dung pellets, a morphology similar to a ‘Hershey's Kiss’ (HK), from a late Pleistocene dung layer in Bechan Cave. HK dung pellets have also been recovered from other alcoves in the Escalante River Basin including Willow and Fortymile canyons. Detailed analyses of the HK pellets confirmed them to be E. collinum and indicate a browser-type diet dominated (> 95%) by trees and shrubs: Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush), Acacia sp. (acacia), Quercus (oak), and Chrysothamnus (rabbit brush). The retrieval of spring and fall pollen suggests E. collinum was a year-round resident in the Escalante River Basin.  相似文献   

8.
Campos, P. F., Willerslev, E., Mead, J. I., Hofreiter, M. & Gilbert, M. T. P. 2009: Molecular identification of the extinct mountain goat, Oreamnos harringtoni (Bovidae). Boreas , 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2009.00111.x. ISSN 0300-9483.
Harrington's mountain goat ( Oreamnos harringtoni ), an extinct North American herbivore, is one of the least known mammals of the Pleistocene. Fossil specimens are predominantly known from dry cave localities throughout the arid American west – the Grand Canyon, Colorado Plateau, Nevada and Mexico. Morphological analysis of the recovered fossils suggests a close phylogenetic relationship between Harrington's mountain goat and the extant mountain goats from the American northwest ( Oreamnos americanus ). However, the degree of genetic similarity between the two species, and their overall placement within the Caprinae, is not clear. In this study, we recovered and sequenced the first DNA fragments from O. harringtoni in order to investigate these relationships. Genetic analysis further supports the morphological hypothesis that O. harringtoni and O. americanus are two distinct species.  相似文献   

9.
Book Reviews     
Book reviewed in this article:
Approach to the ecology of ancient Beringia:Hopkins, David M., Matthews, John V., Jr., Schweger, Charles E., & Young, Steven B. (eds.)
Glimpses at current paleolimnology:Merilainen, J., Huttunen, P. & Battarbee, R. W. (eds.)
Air pollution: assessment methodology and modeling: Weber, Erich  相似文献   

10.
Books reviewed in this article:
Hughes, M. K., Kelly, P. M., Pilcher, J. R., & LaMarchc, Jr., V. C. (eds.) 1982: Climate from Tree Rings  相似文献   

11.
Tar Pit fossils     
Book reviewed in this article:
Harris. John M. & Jefferson, George L. (eds.) 1985: Rancho La Brea: Treasures of the Tar Pits  相似文献   

12.
Publication of the Petrological Atlas of Fossil Organic Matter in Russia in St. Petersburg was one of the remarkable events in the history of studying the organic matter. The authors of the atlas (V.I. Vyalov, I.B. Volkova, G.A. Belenitskaya, O.V. Petrov, V.N. Volkov, G.M. Volkova, M.V. Golitsyn, A.B. Gurevich, V.M. Bogomazov, A.I. Ginsburg, L.Ya. Kizil’shtein, V.V. Gal’chikov, A.P. Zolotov, G.A. Ignat’ev, V.A. Kosinskii, V.G. Kolomenskaya, T.N. Molozina, G.M. Parparova, N.V. Pronina, G.V. Sokolova, and S.V. Shcherbakova) are workers from the All-Russia Research Institute of Geology (VSEGEI) and several other institutions. It is known that atlases of coals in different regions (Donets, Dnieper, Moscow district, Lvov-Volynsk, Kuznetsk, Karaganda, Chelyabinsk, Pechora, and Kama basins; Caucasus region), as well as the Atlas of Mesozoic Coals of the USSR, were published during a long period of coal-petrographic studies (1955–2001). However, as the authors of the monograph under review rightly point out, diverse coal-petrographic classifications and nomenclatures were used in different regions, the analysis of coal metamorphism was not sufficiently scrutinized, and so on. This circumstance, as well as regional approach to the compilation of previously issued atlases, publication of a great body of factual material in recent years, and results of the study of organic matter (OM) obtained using advanced investigation methods, necessitated the compilation of the Petrological Atlas of Fossil Organic Matter of a new formation. When assessing the atlas content, we should note a wide range of problems discussed therein. The first part of the monograph is devoted to the characteristics of coal/combustible shale basins and deposits, petroliferous basins, and interrelation of hydrocarbons and solid combustible minerals.  相似文献   

13.
Book reviewed in this article:
J. J. Lowe, J. M. Gray & J. E. Robinson (eds.): Studies in the Lateglacial of North-west Europe  相似文献   

14.
Book reviews     
《Sedimentology》1982,29(1):149-152
Book Reviewed in this article:
Sandstone Depositional Models for Exploration for Fossil Fuels , 2nd edn, by George de Vries Klein.
Soil Erosion , ed. by M. J. Kirkby and R. P. C.
Economic Geology and Geotectonics , ed. by D. H. Tarling.  相似文献   

15.
The caves near Naracoorte, South Australia, contain one of the richest and most diverse fossil faunal assemblages on the Australian continent. Three sites were selected for electron spin resonance (ESR) dating because clastic, fossiliferous sediments were sandwiched between speleothem layers. This allows independent age control by highly precise thermal ionization mass‐spectrometry (TIMS) U‐series dating. We find that all ESR results agree within the constraints given by the U‐series dates, and allow further refinement of the age of the fauna analysed, indicating that most of the fauna in the large Victoria Cave Fossil Chamber is twice as old as reported previously. Our dating results, spanning from 280 to 500 ka for the Fossil Chamber, Victoria Cave, to about 125 ka for the Grant Hall, Victoria Cave, and 170 to 280 ka for the Fossil Chamber, Cathedral Cave, indicate little change, if any, in the megafaunal assemblage from the early Middle to the early Late Pleistocene. This changed dramatically after the last interglacial, when a large proportion of the megafauna suddenly disappeared. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
Fossil smicripid beetles are very rare. Here we describe and figure the first Mesozoic representative of Smicripidae. Smicrips cretacea sp. nov., a new species belonging to the extant Smicrips LeConte is preserved in the Upper Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar. Our discovery suggests that Smicrips is an ancient group, originating at least in the earliest Late Cretaceous. Together with other two fossil Smicrips species from the Eocene of Europe, it reinforces the hypothesis that the Recent distribution of Smicripidae is relict, and the family was more widespread in the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic than it is in the Recent.  相似文献   

17.
Fossil pollen analyses from northern Lake Malawi, southeast Africa, provide a high-resolution record of vegetation change during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition (~ 18–9 ka). Recent studies of local vegetation from lowland sites have reported contrasting rainfall signals during the Younger Dryas (YD). The Lake Malawi record tracks regional vegetation changes and allows comparison with other tropical African records identifying vegetation opening and local forest maintenance during the YD. Our record shows a gradual decline of afromontane vegetation at 18 ka. Around 14.5 ka, tropical seasonal forest and Zambezian miombo woodland became established. At ~ 13 ka, drier, more open formations gradually became prevalent. Although tropical seasonal forest taxa were still present in the watershed during the YD, this drought-intolerant forest type was likely restricted to areas of favorable edaphic conditions along permanent waterways. The establishment of drought-tolerant vegetation followed the reinforcement of southeasterly tradewinds resulting in a more pronounced dry winter season after ~ 11.8 ka. The onset of the driest, most open vegetation type was coincident with a lake low stand at the beginning of the Holocene. This study demonstrates the importance of global climate forcing and local geomorphological conditions in controlling vegetation distribution.  相似文献   

18.
Book reviews     
《Sedimentology》1991,38(1):179-189
Book Reviewed in this article:
Deltas: Sites and Traps for Fossil Fuels , ed. by M. K. G. Whateley and K. T. Pickering
Floods: Hydrological, Sedimentological, and Geomorphological Implications , ed. by K. Bevins and P. Carling
Soils of the Past: An Introduction to Paleopedology , by G. J. Retallack
Dinosaur Tracks and Traces , ed. by D. D. Gillette and M. G. Lockley
Cretaceous Resources, Events and Rhythms. Background and Plans for Research , ed. by R. N. Ginsburg and B. Beaudoin
Sedimentology and Geochemistry of Dolostones , ed. by V. Shukla and P. A. Baker  相似文献   

19.
Book Reviews     
Book reviewed in this article:
Niels Foged: Diatom Analyses. The Archaeology of Svendborg, Denmark.
J. M. Gray & J. J. Lowe (eds.): Studies in the Scottish Late-glacial Environment , Pergamon Press, Oxford/New York/ Toronto/Sydney/Paris/Frankfurt 1977. xiii + 197 pp.  相似文献   

20.
Fossil Chironomidae assemblages (with a few Chaoboridae and Ceratopogonidae) from Zagoskin and Burial Lakes in western Alaska provide quantitative reconstructions of mean July air temperatures for periods of the late-middle Wisconsin (～39,000–34,000 cal yr B.P.) to the present. Inferred temperatures are compared with previously analyzed pollen data from each site summarized here by indirect ordination. Paleotemperature trends reveal substantial differences in the timing of climatic warming following the late Wisconsin at each site, although chronological uncertainty exists. Zagoskin Lake shows early warming beginning at about 21,000 cal yr B.P., whereas warming at Burial Lake begins ～4000 years later. Summer climates during the last glacial maximum (LGM) were on average ～3.5 °C below the modern temperatures at each site. Major shifts in vegetation occurred from ～19,000 to 10,000 cal yr B.P. at Zagoskin Lake and from ～17,000 to 10,000 cal yr B.P. at Burial Lake. Vegetation shifts followed climatic warming, when temperatures neared modern values. Both sites provide evidence of an early postglacial thermal maximum at ～12,300 cal yr B.P. These chironomid records, combined with other insect-based climatic reconstructions from Beringia, indicate that during the LGM: (1) greater continentality likely influenced regions adjacent to the Bering Land Bridge and (2) summer climates were, at times, not dominated by severe cold.  相似文献   

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