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1.
Ⅰ.INTRODUCTION Diatomaceous earth is known to occur in the vicinity of Shanwang,(Long.118°34'E,Lat.36°32'N)Linchü district,Shantung.The sitewhich has furnished the material discussed in this report,lies 2 li and 相似文献
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Dr. Gerhard Frenzel 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1954,4(4):343-376
Ohne ZusammenfassungMeinem hochverehrten Lehrer, Herrn Professor Dr.Paul Ramdohr, zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
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The mineralogy of the Istala deposit, Gümüşhane, northeastern Turkey, was studied in detail, and a geochemical investigation was carried out using electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA). Sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite are the major sulfide minerals found in the Istala deposit, with minor amounts of bornite, idaite, tetrahedrite–tennantite, anilite, yarrowite, mckinstryite, covellite and chalcocite. In addition to these, barite and a small quantity of quartz occur as gangue minerals. Based on the textural relations and mineral assemblages, five different stages of crystallization have been recognized. Mineral paragenesis of the first four stages has been found to be similar, whereas clear enrichment has been observed in the modal abundance of the copper sulfide mineral assemblage at the fifth-stage ore formation. Whole-rock geochemical analyses of the Istala ore show an enrichment of Ag content up to 3328 ppm. Optical observations and EPMA study indicated that abundant silver mineralization was found in the Istala ore, especially during the later-stage ore deposition. Repetition to the presence of native silver in the samples, a significant amount of silver was incorporated in bornite, idaite, tetrahedrite–tennantite, anilite, yarrowite, mckinstryite, covellite and chalcocite, whereas a trace amount of silver has been detected in sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite. The homogenization temperatures (Th) of the primary fluid inclusions were measured between 98 and 284 °C, with frequency peaks around 140 °C, 190 °C and 240 °C. All data obtained support the theory that later stage copper-rich sulfides, formed under the low temperature conditions, are responsible for the large amounts of silver content in the Istala mine. 相似文献
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E. Reuning 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1937,28(3-4):229-239
Zusammenfassung Bei Ondundu (Südwestafrika) sind Quarzlagergänge und Serien solcher erschlossen worden, die, von Quergängen aus durch Abfolgen des alten Granits gespeist, im frühen Faltungsvorgang zwischen die aufgeblätterten Damaraschichten lit par lit intrudiert worden sind und am weiteren Faltungsverlauf teilnahmen.Obwohl diese Lagergänge nur geringe Mächtigkeit besitzen, lassen ihre serienweise Häufung mit nur wenig Schieferzwischenmittel, ihr Durchhalten auf weite Erstreckungen hin und ihr verhältnismäßig hoher Goldgehalt von 10–15 g per Tonne Ganggestein einen gewinnbringenden Bergbau in kleinem Ausmaß möglich werden. 相似文献
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Imtiwapang Aier M. Pradipchandra Singh Glenn T. Thong Soibam Ibotombi 《Natural Hazards》2012,60(3):1347-1363
Part of Merhülietsa colony of Kohima town and the national highway passing through it was devastated by a landslide on May
13, 2007. This unstable zone affected by rotational failure lies in the Disang sediments comprising shale with intercalations
between thin-bedded siltstone and fine-grained sandstone. The shales are sheared, crumpled, and weathered to a high degree.
This is attributed to a strike-slip fault and two shear fractures. Geotechnical analysis was carried out in the area and a
factor of safety of 0.60 obtained for the slide mass. Similar work is extended to the surrounding area which had developed
tension fractures. A slip circle drawn from tension cracks helps define future failure planes. A factor of safety of 0.93
is obtained indicating the possibility of progression of the slide zone. Rock mass rating of the shales surrounding the slide
zone indicates poor rock condition, pointing to danger of collapse with further progression of the slide zone. 相似文献
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《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3-4):317-331
The Küçük Menderes Graben (KMG) is part of the horst-graben system of southwestern Anatolia (Turkey), bounded by the Bozda? horst in the north and the Ayd?n horst in the south. The Plio-Quaternary evolution of the KMG has been evaluated using the nature of the Miocene-Quaternary fill sediments and palaeostress analysis of slip data measured in different parts of the graben. The graben is composed of five subbasins—the Kiraz, Ödemi?, Bay?nd?r, Da?k?z?lca-Torbal? and Selçuk—that are connected to each other through narrow Quaternary troughs. The Da?k?z?lca, Kiraz and Selçuk basins bear Miocene and younger sequences whereas the other subbasins are largely filled by Quaternary sediments. The maximum thickness of the Quaternary fill reaches about 270 m in the Ödemi? and Bay?nd?r subbasins. The calculated slip results indicate multidirectional extension, three successive deformational periods, and possible counterclockwise rotation in the KMG during the post-Miocene period. The first phase was a strike-slip regime under N-S compression, followed by a second phase of deformation which resulted in ENE-WSW extension with strike-slip components. The final phase of deformation was NE-SW extension which constituted the final evolution of the KMG. The graben gained its present morphological configuration via the onset of E-W-trending, high-angle normal faulting imposed on the regionwide synformal structure during the Plio-Quaternary. The KMG evolved as a result of rifting during the Plio-Quaternary which followed Late Miocene unroofing of the Menderes Massif and the evolution of the Büyük Menderes and Gediz grabens. 相似文献
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Küçük Menderes River forms a rich coastal wetland inside in the Selçuk plain. Three saline/brackish lakes, one swamp and Küçük Menderes River are these wetlands’ components. Alkaline-slightly alkaline type lakes are recharged from precipitation and karstic springs that discharge from marble-schist and marble-alluvium contacts in the northern and southern parts of the study area. Water types of the wetland are Na–Cl and Na–Ca–Mg–HCO3–Cl in both rainy and dry seasons. Both seawater intrusion and evaporation, as being the sources of the ions, justify the presence of Na–Cl, Na–SO4 and Cl–SO4, in the wetland water. Environmental isotopes were used to identify the relationship between wetland and groundwater in the Selçuk plain. The δ18O and δD composition of wetland area samples have changed between ?6.42 to ?4.56‰, and ?36.40 to ?23.80‰, respectively. The lakes and rivers are plotted on the mixing line by slope of 5.2 and these data indicate that wetland is affected from seawater intrusion. The recharge area that was sampled in order to compare the wetland has Ca–HCO3 water type with a neutral-slightly alkaline pH values and the main hydrogeochemical process is weathering the different types of silicates. Iron, manganese and selenium are the dominant minor ions due to the high biological activities and organic matters in the lakes. There are two contamination risks for this wetland: (1) waste disposal site and (2) water treatment plant where the purified waters are released into the river. EC, Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe and Zn values exceed those of aquatic life standards. In the near future these sites will pose a danger for wetland wild life and surrounding irrigation water suppliers. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):926-934
Volcanic activity in the Ayas-Güdül-Celtikci region began by Oligocene (?)-early Miocene time and persisted until the end of early Pliocene time. It commenced with andesitic breccias and lavas at the base of the series and evolved through the deposition of ignimbritic and laharic volcanic material toward intermediate levels of the succession. Caldera formation followed this period of volcanic activity. Ephemeral lakes covering the region caused the subaqueous extrusion of the latest lavas during this period of activity. Afterward, limnic and fluvial sedimentation Occurred in the region during a period of volcanic quiescence. This mid-late Miocene deposition was followed by new basaltic activity. The volcanism was controlled by conjugate fault sets, N45W and N15E, representing pure-shear stress in a N20W direction, from the late Oligocene to the end of the early Pliocene. Normal dip-slip faults having a N55E trend were created by local N25W tension, presumably because of the North Anatolian fault, after early Pliocene time. 相似文献
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Dr. H. S. de Römer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1963,52(2):825-835
Zusammenfassung Der Chagnon-Orford-Intrusiv-Komplex ist durch einen zweifachen Zonarbau gekennzeichnet: einmal ein ausgedehnter Zonarbau mit Ultrabasiten in den tieferen Lagen und einer Folge saurerer Differentiationsprodukte in den dachnahen Gebieten des Lakkolithen; zum anderen ein regelmäßiger Wechselrhythmus von Peridotit- und Pyroxenitstreifen in den unteren Partien des Intrusivs. Der Autor ist der Meinung, daß die deutlich in Erscheinung tretende zonale Anordnung der Gesteine im Chagnon-Orford-Lakkolith auf eine gravitative Differentiation in situ zurückzuführen ist.
The Chagnon-Orford Intrusive Complex is characterized by two types of banding: first, a large-scale zoning consisting of ultrabasic rocks at the bottom overlain by belts of successively more acid differentiates at the roof of the laccolith; secondly, a rhythmic banding near the floor of the intrusive, consisting of alternating peridotite and pyroxenite layers. The writer is of the opinion that the zonal arrangement of the Chagnon-Orford laccolith is the result of differentiation in situ under the influence of gravity.
Résumé Le complexe intrusif de Chagon-Orford se caractérise par une structure zonaire double: une structure zonaire avec ultrabasites dans les parties profondes et une série de produits de différenciation plus acides dans la partie du laccolite proche du toit; d'autre part, un ensemble à disposition rythmique régulière formé de lits de péridotite et de pyroxénite se trouve dans la partie inférieure de l'intrusion. L'auteur est d'avis que la disposition zonaire des roches dans le laccolite de Chagnon-Orford est à rapporter à une différenciation in situ par gravité.
Chagnon-Orford - . , .相似文献
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China has become the biggest CO2 emitter in the world. In China, economic development in different regions is not the same. Thus, it is necessary to study the regional decoupling relationship between energy-related CO2 emission and economic development. Considering the regional difference of economic development, energy consumption and CO2 emission, provincial regions in China are divided into seven economic bands. The Tapio decoupling method is adopted to calculate the decoupling index in the seven regions over the study period 1996–2013. Furthermore, the WCDM is developed to study the driving factors governing the decoupling state. The result showed that decoupling development differed in each economic band; North-East and North-West, showed a better trend and a worse one, respectively, than the others. Economic factor showed a stable trend of negative effect, and energy intensity factor was the crucial factor to accelerate the process of CO2 emission decoupling. Only in Yangtze River delta, economic band had structural factor shown a positive effect during the research period, and emission efficiency factor was not stable and showed a negative effect in most years in every region. 相似文献
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H. Murat Özler 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(4):405-418
The purpose of this study is to determine the hydrological properties, groundwater potential, and water quality of the Çürüksu basin, western Turkey, and to contribute to the efforts of providing an adequate water supply for the city of Denizli. To achieve these objectives, the study consisted of mapping the geology and hydrogeology, determining the water balance, and defining the water quality. The basement rock units in the study area include several impervious metamorphic rock types and Mesozoic karstic limestone, which are overlain by Oligocene fluvial and lacustrine strata, Pliocene travertine and limestone, and Quaternary alluvium. The karstic limestone and the travertine and limestone strata constitute potential aquifers in the Çürüksu basin. The discharge regimes of the 22 springs in the two basins show little change through the year. The flow systems of the springs also have a large storage capacity and drainage occurs very slowly. The discharge of the springs does not appear to be affected immediately by monthly variations in precipitation. According to the water balance, the precipitation in the Çürüksu basin cannot provide all of the measured surface runoff. Excess runoff is 2?m3?s–1 in the Çürüksu basin, and in the adjacent Gökp?nar basin the deficit in surface runoff is also 2?m3?s–1. Thus, the underground catchment area of the springs extends beyond the surface drainage area of the Çürüksu basin. Although the P?narba??, Kazanp?nar, and Böceli springs emerge from the karstic limestone aquifer in the Çürüksu basin, these springs are fed from the adjacent Gökp?nar basin. The spring waters emerging from karstic limestone are fresh, of the calcium bicarbonate type, soft, and potable. The spring waters emerging from the travertine and limestone aquifer are low-temperature, brackish, of the calcium sulfate type, very hard, and not potable but useful for the irrigation. The occurrences of coal strata and hydrothermal activity have caused some deterioration of groundwater quality. 相似文献
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Karl Krejci-Graf 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1934,25(5):305-312
Ohne ZusammenfassungDie Arbeit erscheint im Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kwangtung & Kwangsi, Canton, China. 相似文献
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Dr. Emil Fischler 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1958,6(3):182-189
Zusammenfassung Weißer Coeruleolactit von Katzenellenbogen, blauer Coeruleolactit vom gleichen Fundpunkt und von Chester Co., Planerit vom Fluß Tschornaja und vom Tschernowskaja-Berg im Ural, Türkis von Chorassen, King-River, Jordansmühl, Ölsnitz im Vogtland und Mühlleithen im Vogtland, Alumochalkosiderit von den vogtländischen Lagerstätten und Chalkosiderit von Mühlleithen und von Cornwall sind — wie ihre Pulverdiagramme erkennen lassen — strukturell aufs engste verwandt. Die gemeinsame Formel dieser Minerale ist (Cu, Ca, Fe.., Mg) (Al, Fe...)6 ((P, As)O4)4 (OH)8 · 4–5H2O. Abweichungen in dend-Werten und den Intensitäten der Debye-Scherrer-Linien sind bedingt durch den teilweisen Ersatz der zweiwertigen, der dreiwertigen und vielleicht auch der fünfwertigen Ionen untereinander. Der weiße Coeruleolactit von Katzenellenbogen scheint kein einheitliches Mineral zu sein, sondern aus etwa 5 Teilen des dem Türkis entsprechenden reinen Ca-Al-Phosphats und einem Teil eines Al-hydroxyds zu bestehen. Der Planerit vom Fluß Tschornaja, desgleichen der blaue Coeruleolactit von Katzenellenbogen und von Chester-Co. sind Ca-reiche und Cu-arme Türkise, die Türkise von Mühlleithen, von Chorassen, King-River und Jordansmühl sind fast reine Cu-Türkise, der Türkis von Olsnitz im Vogtland nimmt eine Mittelstellung ein. Die Alumochalkosiderite von den vogtländischen Fundpunkten sind Mischkristalle aus Türkis und Chalkosiderit; auch die untersuchten Chalkosiderite enthalten noch einige Prozente Al2O3 neben Fe2O3. Der As-Gehalt im Türkis und im Chalkosiderit von Mühlleithen ist zu geringfügig, als daß er nennenswerten Einfluß auf die Gitterdimensionen gewinnen könnte. 相似文献
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High-resolution seismic data shed light on latest Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentation beneath the Büyükçekmece Bay, northern shelf area of the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Discontinuous fluvio-marine and marine deposits overlying the erosional truncation surface of Oligocene–Lower Miocene deposits are as thick as 30 m and preserved preferentially within the incised valleys that were controlled by some old faults. A series of prograding shoreline, laterally passing to the latest Pleistocene–Holocene valley-fill deposits, are thought to have accumulated mainly during times of shoreline transgression and sea-level rise. The overall morphology and stratigraphic setting observed in the Büyükçekmece Bay and at the southern outlet of the Bosphorus Strait have nearly same characteristics, implying that similar hydrodynamic conditions, erosional and depositional processes were mainly under the control of strong northerly flows during the Late Quaternary. These flows were less powerful in the Büyükçekmece region with decreased sediment input and smaller accommodation space. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1401-1418
The Neogene–Quaternary succession in the Kütahya region is of importance in the neotectonic evolution of western Anatolia because the strata contain clear evidence of compression and extension. During the early-middle Miocene, N–S compression/transpression as well as NE–SW- and NW–SE-oriented oblique conjugate faults formed. NE–SW-oriented horsts and grabens developed, controlled by the dominant NE–SW faults. The Seyitömer and Sabuncup?nar grabens were filled primarily by terrestrial clastic sedimentary and volcanic rocks. At the end of the middle Miocene, the graben fill was locally folded and reverse faulted, reflecting reactivation of compression. Between the late Miocene and the middle Pliocene, the region underwent erosion and lacustrine sediments accumulated in topographic lows. Between the middle and late Pliocene, compression in the region was again reactivated and basal units were thrust over the pre-upper Pliocene units. The late Plio-Quaternary marked the onset of N–S extension and development of the NW–SE-oriented Kütahya Graben, co-genetic equivalents of which are common throughout western Anatolia. This study indicates that tectonic evolution of western Anatolia involved multiple stages of contraction and extension. 相似文献