共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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空间碎片对人造卫星和飞船的威胁日益增长.为了保持一个安全的空间环境,需要寻找成本低而又准确的空间天体探测和追踪方法.前些年,使用射电望远镜作为被动雷达,探测空间碎片反射的调频广播信号的可能性已经被讨论过,并且月球和国际空间站反射的信号已经被默奇森大视场射电阵(MWA)探测到.介绍MWA探测到的卫星反射广播信号事件,论证MWA有能力探测600 km高度处0.1 m量级大小的空间碎片,位置误差在10 km左右. 相似文献
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地基雷达探测是研究太阳系中小行星的重要方法。雷达探测主要有两种方式:(1)连续波探测,可得到小行星表面的粗糙度等参数;(2)延迟多普勒探测,用于反演小行星的三维形状模型并确定自转轴状态。与其他探测方法相比,雷达观测具有分辨率高等优势。简要介绍了地基雷达探测的原理和方式,以及通过雷达成像建立小行星形状模型的方法。同时举例说明了雷达探测小行星的成果,并对包括雷达在内的多种探测方法进行了比较。 相似文献
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《天文研究与技术》2020,(4)
对月球以及更远天体或者空间环境的探测是人类航天活动的重要方向。开展月球和深空探测有利于研究太阳系起源、演化与现状,以及生命起源与演变等重大科学问题,有利于催生基础性、前瞻性的学科与技术。相比光学探测方法,雷达具有强穿透性、极化特性以及不受光照限制等优势,是探测天体特性的有效手段之一,在月球和深空探测中发挥了重要作用。电磁波能够穿透几米到几千米的次表层,可用于探测月球和深空目标的表层介电常数、次表层结构、电离层及水冰等。按照探测方式的不同,表层穿透雷达探测主要包括地基雷达、环绕器雷达及巡视器雷达3种方式。针对不同的科学目标,不同的探测方式具有各自的优势和不足。回顾了表层穿透雷达在月球、火星以及小行星等探测中的科学应用,总结了已经投入使用以及计划中的各种雷达科学载荷的探测任务、参数设计、工作原理和探测结果,展望了在未来利用表层穿透雷达进行月球和深空探测的发展趋势。 相似文献
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空间碎片光学观测中若干问题研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正>地基光学观测是探测空间碎片的重要手段.本文从目标搜索方案的制定、目标质心提取、目标精密定位以及目标关联4方面入手,研究提升设备探测能力、提高目标观测精度的方法.首先,为了满足对GEO(Geosynchronous Orbit,地球同步轨道)空间碎片探测的要求,克服长时间曝光CCD像元饱和溢出的问题,使用多帧连续曝光图像叠加的方法,增加图像的宽容度,同时保证系统的探测能力.实验表明,叠加10帧连续图像,有效消除了像元饱和的情况,提升目标信噪比约3.2倍,提升探测能力约2.5 mag,使用底片常数的均值计算目标位置,精度符合要求.使用星像几何形态检测 相似文献
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空间碎片天基光电光学可见条件与预报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着航天活动的增加，产生的空间碎片也越来越多，空间环境日趋恶化，已经对人类的空间活动构成了威胁。监视测量这些空间碎片，天基光电比地基光电更为有利，而天基光电的光学可见条件与地基光电相比，有相似的，也有不同的，针对天基光电，给出了空间碎片的光学可见条件，即日光条件、地影条件、地光条件、地球背景条件、月光条件。在天基光电轨道特征、光学可见条件及天基光电坐标系已知的情况下，建立起天基光电预报方法。既可用于空间碎片预报，也可以用于空间碎片的轨道识别。 相似文献
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Study of a Bistatic Radar System Using VLBI Technologies for Detecting Space Debris and the Experimental Verification of its Validity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Masanobu Yajima Kazutomo Tsuchikawa Toshiyuki Murakami Kazuyoshi Katsumoto Tadashi Takano 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2007,100(1-2):57-76
Space debris are increasing around the Earth. The observation of space debris is a key issue for the investigation and monitoring
of space environment. But the observation opportunities and the detection ability are limited in existing monostatic radar
systems. This paper proposes a bistatic radar which is composed of a transmitting station and a receiving-only station. A
carrier wave modulated by PN-PSK signals is used in combination with a VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) recorder for
range measurement between space debris and stations. The receiving radio wave is processed on the basis of VLBI techniques.
Accordingly, the system is shown to have significant advantages over a monostatic radar. We actually formed a bistatic radar
system, and observed a satellite in order to experimentally verify the validity. The configuration of the system, data analysis
and the experimental results are described. 相似文献
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Yang Kejun 《时间频率学报》1995,(1)
本文分析了利用中国科学院陕西天文台的流星雷达进行人为空间碎片监测的可能性．详细计算了到达接收机的回波的信噪比Ｓ／Ｎ依赖于目标散射横截面。和高度距离Ｒ的关系。理论计算表明，利用陕西天文台的流星雷达完全有可能监测在２００ｋｍ至１２００ｋｍ的高度范围内，半径大于０．５ｍ的人为空间碎片． 相似文献
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Walter Flury 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1995,70(1-3):79-91
37 years of space activities have led to a large number of anthropogenic objects orbiting the Earth. Ground-based observations with radar and optical facilities reveal the existence of about 7500 objects in space, which do not represent an immediate excessive danger. However, adequate actions are required to keep the long-term debris hazard for manned and unmanned missions within acceptable tolerances. In this paper the space debris environment of the Earth and its future evolution are described. New developments which could have a major impact on the space environment, are the the planned multi-satellite constellations for communications purposes or solar power stations in Earth orbit. Finally, methods for debris reduction are outlined. Space debris is a global problem which can only be effectively solved by international cooperation. 相似文献
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激光光束在大气中的传输是与大气特征有关的,如大气湍流、大气散射与吸收,而且激光测距的回波除了与距离有关外,其回波数及精度也与大气特征相关。漫反射激光测距的目标是低轨空间碎片,在一定反射截面的条件下,应用一定功率的激光进行地面靶板漫反射测距试验,以确定多少功率的激光器可实现空间碎片的漫反射测距,这时地面靶的距离选取应该具有代表性,它代表了在一定斜程下穿过整个大气层的效应。通过对大气湍流和大气衰减对激光传输的影响进行分析,理论上计算出在低轨目标为400km时,漫反射激光测距试验地面靶的水平距离该取多远时才能代表在一定斜程下穿过400km大气层的效应,从而为漫反射激光测距试验地面靶距离的选取提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Abstract– We report the use of Doppler weather radar as a tool for locating meteorites, both at the time of a fall and from archived radar data. This asset is especially useful for meteorite recovery as it can provide information on the whereabouts of falling meteorites in “dark flight” portion of their descent where information on their flight paths cannot be discerned from more traditional meteorite location techniques such as eyewitness accounts. Weather radar data can provide information from detection in three distinct regimes: (A) direct detection of the rapidly moving, optically bright fireball by distant radars, (B) detection of falling debris to include hand‐sample sized rocks, and (C) detection of dust produced by detonation events that can occur tens of minutes and many kilometers laterally removed from the actual fireball locality. We present examples of each, as well as comparisons against man‐made debris from a re‐entering Soyuz rocket and the Stardust Sample Return Capsule. The use of Doppler weather radar as a supplement to traditional meteorite recovery methods holds the promise of improving both the speed and total number of meteorite recoveries, thereby increasing the number of freshly fallen meteorites for scientific study. 相似文献
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The main problem in the orbit determination of the space debris population orbiting our planet is identifying which separate
sets of data belong to the same physical object. The observations of a given object during a passage above an observing station
are collectively called a Too Short Arc (TSA): data from a TSA cannot allow for a complete determination of an orbit. Therefore, we have to solve first the identification
problem, finding two or more TSAs belonging to the same physical object and an orbit fitting all the observations. This problem
is well known for the determination of orbits of asteroids: we shall show how to apply the methods developed for preliminary
orbit determination of heliocentric objects to geocentric objects. We shall focus on the definition of an admissible region for space debris, both in the case of optical observations and radar observations; then we shall outline a strategy to perform
a full orbit determination. 相似文献
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《New Astronomy》2020
In March 2019 the first dedicated of optical observation of space debris and artificial satellites (Optical Satellites Tracking Station (OSTS)) in Egypt has been performed by National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) at Kottamia Observatory. The 0.28 m Telescope is used for tracking and surveying debris and operational satellites at Low Earth Orbit (LEO), High ellipse orbit (HEO) and the Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO). OSTS has also collaborated with International Scientific Optical Network (ISON) for optical observation. The necessary programs to control the telescope, camera and monitoring process are configured. Coordinate corrected metric data is provided with the time information. The system has validated and calibrated processing. The first results of the observations with image processing using Apex-2 software are presented. The optical observations using OSTS are being used to help characterize the debris environment in LEO, HEO and GEO to assist in the modeling projections for space debris database, real population and distribution, detection and orbital determination, and conjunction analysis between operational satellites and/or dangers debris. 相似文献
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《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2017,(3)
The increasing number of space debris has created an orbital debris environment that poses increasing impact risks to existing space systems and human space flights. For the safety of in-orbit spacecrafts, we should optimally schedule surveillance tasks for the existing facilities to allocate resources in a manner that most significantly improves the ability to predict and detect events involving affected spacecrafts. This paper analyzes two criteria that mainly affect the performance of a scheduling scheme and introduces an artificial intelligence algorithm into the scheduling of tasks of the space debris surveillance network. A new scheduling algorithm based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed, which can be implemented in two different ways: individual optimization and joint optimization. Numerical experiments with multiple facilities and objects are conducted based on the proposed algorithm, and simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. 相似文献
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《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2014,(8)
In order to implement an observing strategy,image degradation that occurs during optical observation of space debris is ineluctable and has distinct characteristics. Image restoration is presented as a way to remove the influence of degradation in CCD images of space debris,based on assumed PSF models with the same FWHM as images of the object. In the process of image restoration,the maximum entropy method is adopted. The results of reduction using observed raw CCD images indicate that the precision in estimating positions of objects is improved and the effects of degradation are reduced. Improving the astrometry of space debris using image restoration is effective and feasible. 相似文献
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I. V. Barmin D. W. Dunham V. P. Kulagin V. P. Savinykh V. Ya. Tsvetkov 《Solar System Research》2014,48(7):593-600
The formation of space debris as an accumulation of small heavenly bodies in near-Earth space is considered. How debris can arise in near-Earth space is described. The accumulation of debris is shown to have a ring structure. The formation and spatial distribution of debris are statistically analyzed. A hypothesis for the formation of debris rings in near-Earth space is proposed. 相似文献