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1.
Using a bottom simulating reflector(BSR) on a seismic profile to identify marine gas hydrate is a traditional seismic exploration method. However, owing to the abundance differences between the gas hydrate and free gas in different regions, the BSR may be unremarkable on the seismic profile and invisible in certain cases. With the improvement of exploration precision, difficulty arises in meeting the requirements of distinguishing the abundance differences in the gas hydrate based on BSR. Hence, we studied other sensitive attributes to ascertain the existence of gas hydrate and its abundance variations, eventually improving the success rate of drilling and productivity. In this paper, we analyzed the contradiction between the seismic profile data and drilling sampling data from the Blake Ridge. We extracted different attributes and performed multi-parameter constraint analysis based on the prestack elastic wave impedance inversion. Then, we compared the analysis results with the drilling sampling data. Eventually, we determined five sensitive attributes that can better indicate the existence of gas hydrate and its abundance variations. This method overcomes the limitations of recognizing the gas hydrate methods based on BSR or single inversion attribute. Moreover, the conclusions can notably improve the identification accuracy of marine gas hydrate and provide excellent reference significance for the recognition of marine gas hydrate. Notably, the different geological features of reservoirs feature different sensitivities to the prestacking attributes when using the prestack elastic inversion in different areas. 相似文献
2.
A comprehensive study of the data profiles, including the 2D seismic data, single channel seismic data, shallow sections,
etc., reveals that gas hydrates occur in the East China Sea. A series of special techniques are used in the processing of seismic
data, which include enhancing the accuracy of velocity analysis and resolution, estimating the wavelet, suppressing the multiple,
preserving the relative amplitude, using the DMO and AVO techniques and some special techniques in dealing with the wave impedance.
The existence of gas hydrates is reflected in the subbottom profiles in the appearance of BSRs, amplitude anomalies, velocity
anomalies and AVO anomalies, etc. Hence the gas hydrates can be identified and predicted. It is pointed out that the East China Sea is a favorable area of
the gas hydrates resource, and the Okinawa Trough is a target area of gas hydrates reservoir. 相似文献
3.
Natural gas hydrates are considered as strategic resources with commercial potential in the 21st century. Obvious BSR characteristics
will be shown on seismic profiles, if there exist natural gas hydrates. The AVO method is one of the methods which can be
used to identify and forecast lithologic characteristics and fluid properties by using the relationship between Amplitude
and Offset. AVO anomaly is one of the significant signs to check out whether or not there is free gas below the BSR, so it
can be used to detect natural gas hydrates from the seismic profile. Considering the geological and geophysical characteristics
of the Okinawa Trough and making use of the techniques mentioned above, we can conclude that the conditions there are favorable
for the formation and concentration of natural gas hydrates. By analyzing the data collected from the study area, one can
discover many different anomalous phenomena on the seismic profile which are related to the existence of natural gas hydrates.
Preliminary estimation of the natural gas hydrates in the Okinawa Trough shows that the trough is rich in natural gas hydrates
and may become a potential important resources exploration area. 相似文献
4.
The large deep-sea area from the southwestern Qiongdongnan Basin to the eastern Dongsha Islands,within the continental margin of northern South China Sea,is a frontier of natural gas hydrate exploration in China.Multiform of deep-sea sedimentations have been occurred since late Miocene,and sediment waves as a potential quality reservoir of natural gas hydrate is an most important style of them.Based on abundant available data of seismic,gravity sampling and drilling core,we analyzed the characteristics of seismic reflection and sedimentation of sediment waves and the occurrence of natural gas hydrate hosted in it,and discussed the control factors on natural gas hydrate accumulation.The former findings revealed the deep sea of the northern South China Sea have superior geological conditions on natural gas hydrate accumulation.Therefore,it will be of great significance in deep-sea natural gas hydrate exploration with the study on the relationship between deep-sea sedimentation and natural gas hydrate accumulation. 相似文献
5.
Focused fluid flow in the Baiyun Sag, northern South China Sea: implications for the source of gas in hydrate reservoirs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The origin and migration of natural gas and the accumulation of gas hydrates within the Pearl River Mouth Basin of the northern South China Sea are poorly understood. Based on high-resolution 2D/3D seismic data, three environments of focused fluid flow: gas chimneys, mud diapirs and active faults have been identified. Widespread gas chimneys that act as important conduits for fluid flow are located below bottom simulating reflections and above basal uplifts. The occurrence and evolution of gas chimneys can be divided into a violent eruptive stage and a quiet seepage stage. For most gas chimneys, the strong eruptions are deduced to have happened during the Dongsha Movement in the latest Miocene, which are observed below Pliocene strata and few active faults develop above the top of the Miocene. The formation pressures of the Baiyun Sag currently are considered to be normal, based on these terms: 1) Borehole pressure tests with pressure coefficients of 1.043–1.047; 2) The distribution of gas chimneys is limited to strata older than the Pliocene; 3) Disseminated methane hydrates, rather than fractured hydrates, are found in the hydrate samples; 4) The gas hydrate is mainly charged with biogenic gas rather than thermogenic gas based on the chemical tests from gas hydrates cores. However, periods of quiet focused fluid flow also enable the establishment of good conduits for the migration of abundant biogenic gas and lesser volumes of thermogenic gas. A geological model governing fluid flow has been proposed to interpret the release of overpressure, the migration of fluids and the formation of gas hydrates, in an integrated manner. This model suggests that gas chimneys positioned above basal uplifts were caused by the Dongsha Movement at about 5.5 Ma. Biogenic gas occupies the strata above the base of the middle Miocene and migrates slowly into the gas chimney columns. Some of the biogenic gas and small volumes of thermogenic gas eventually contribute to the formation of the gas hydrates. 相似文献
6.
Estimation of S-wave velocity using logging data has mainly been performed for sandstone,mudstone and oil and gas strata,while its application to hydrate reservoirs has been largely overlooked.In this paper we present petrophysical methods to estimate the S-wave velocity of hydrate reservoirs with the P-wave velocity and the density as constraints.The three models used in this paper are an equivalent model(MBGL),a three-phase model(TPBE),and a thermo-elasticity model(TEM).The MBGL model can effectively describe the internal relationship among the components of the rock,and the estimated P-wave velocities are in good agreement with the measured data(2.8% error).However,in the TPBE model,the solid,liquid and gas phases are considered to be independent of each other,and the estimation results are relatively low(46.6% error).The TEM model is based on the sensitivity of the gas hydrate to temperature and pressure,and the accuracy of the estimation results is also high(3.6% error).Before the estimation,the occurrence patterns of hydrates in the Shenhu area were examined,and occurrence state one(the hydrate is in solid form in the reservoir) was selected for analysis.By using the known P-wave velocity and density as constraints,a reasonable S-wave velocity value(ranging from 400 to 1100 m s~(-1) and for a hydrate layer of 1100 m s~(-1)) can be obtained through multiple iterations.These methods and results provide new data and technical support for further research on hydrates and other geological features in the Shenhu area. 相似文献
7.
Gas hydrate research has significant importance for securing world energy resources, and has the potential to produce considerable
economic benefits. Previous studies have shown that the South China Sea is an area that harbors gas hydrates. However, there
is a lack of systematic investigations and understanding on the distribution of gas hydrate throughout the region. In this
paper, we applied mineral resource quantitative assessment techniques to forecast and estimate the potential distribution
of gas hydrate resources in the northern South China Sea. However, current hydrate samples from the South China Sea are too
few to produce models of occurrences. Thus, according to similarity and contrast principles of mineral outputs, we can use
a similar hydrate-mining environment with sufficient gas hydrate data as a testing ground for modeling northern South China
Sea gas hydrate conditions. We selected the Gulf of Mexico, which has extensively studied gas hydrates, to develop predictive
models of gas hydrate distributions, and to test errors in the model. Then, we compared the existing northern South China
Sea hydrate-mining data with the Gulf of Mexico characteristics, and collated the relevant data into the model. Subsequently,
we applied the model to the northern South China Sea to obtain the potential gas hydrate distribution of the area, and to
identify significant exploration targets. Finally, we evaluated the reliability of the predicted results. The south seabed
area of Taiwan Bank is recommended as a priority exploration target. The Zhujiang Mouth, Southeast Hainan, and Southwest Taiwan
Basins, including the South Bijia Basin, also are recommended as exploration target areas. In addition, the method in this
paper can provide a useful predictive approach for gas hydrate resource assessment, which gives a scientific basis for construction
and implementation of long-term planning for gas hydrate exploration and general exploitation of the seabed of China. 相似文献
8.
The transient Rayleigh wave exploration has high detection accuracy in shallow exploration. The effect of detection array is comprehensive reflection of the velocity of rock and soilmass. Therefore, the rolling multi-channel transient acquisition system has been adopted in this study, which turns one dimensional transient Rayleigh wave exploration into two dimensions, consequently, the two-dimensional velocity distribution of rock and soil mass under the survey line has been achieved. Through comparing with the shallow seismic reflected wave exploration, the result indicates that the rolling multi-channel transient acquisition system has accurate resolution. Thus, in the process of the shallow reflected wave exploration, if the surface wave has developed, the coalition between the reflected wave exploration and the two-dimensional transient Rayleigh wave exploration should actualize the accuracy of exp loration. 相似文献
9.
珠江口盆地YZ气田群位于陆架边缘区域,气藏埋深大于3 000 m,构造研究面临水深变化大、表层低速泥岩厚度变化大、小范围浅层气等多种因素影响的问题,气藏顶界深度精细预测难度大,给气田开发方案实施带来风险。针对该问题提出一种处理解释一体化的研究思路: 首先,沿目的层及其上部地震反射标志层横向加密拾取地震速度谱,提高速度分析的精度;其次,利用已钻井合成地震记录标定后的速度对地震速度进行宏观校正,消除井震速度系统误差,应用校正后的速度进行时深转换,得到初始深度构造;通过相关性分析法明确井点处剩余误差的主要来源,以相关性趋势面为约束,结合井点剩余误差编辑误差网格以校正初始深度构造。最后,通过校正井点残差得到较高精度的深度构造。气田开发的实践表明,该方法预测的构造深度和开发井实钻深度的误差由原来的10~40 m降至10 m以内,成功提高了目标区构造预测精度,有效指导了该区开发井的设计和实施,降低了气田开发的风险。因此,对于类似地质条件下油气田,其构造精细研究不单是唯数据驱动的速度分析及偏移成像,认清构造影响因素并予以消除也是关键。 相似文献
10.
为了调查内蒙古阿拉善某高放废物地质处置库预选场址中目标花岗岩体的空间展布、内部结构和边界接触关系,应用人工反射地震探测技术,采集数据并进行处理,获得了针对大型高速岩体的近地表速度剖面和地震反射波法成像剖面。针对崎岖地表工区近地表速度建模与层析静校正、强散射干扰波压制等问题,引进基于MSFM射线追踪算法的初至波旅行时层析反演与层析静校正技术、改进的矢量分解压噪方法等,并在常规高分辨反射地震数据处理流程的基础上形成了适合于高速岩体地震探测的精细数据处理流程。 相似文献
11.
12.
单道地震调查技术方法是海洋地震调查的主要手段之一,海上单道地震具有配置灵活、施工效率高、中—浅部地层分辨率较高、应用面广等特点,在海洋地质调查领域应用广泛。该文简要介绍了单道地震的工作原理,并以威海褚岛北部海域为例,通过分析该区单道地震资料,结合探测目的及仪器性能,制定了针对性的试验方案,确定了分辨率较高的参数优化组合,获得了高质量、高分辨率的海底地层资料。通过对实测单道地震剖面的比较和分析,结合钻孔数据,对威海褚岛北部海域地层进行分层划分及地层单元体系域分析,得出威海褚岛北部海域中—浅地层结构特征及海底地质灾害特征。通过对威海褚岛北部海域单道地震调查应用实例的分析,阐述了海上单道地震在数据采集、处理和解译方面的相关技术。 相似文献
13.
海底泥底辟(泥火山)与周缘发育的天然气水合物存在着密切的关联,表现在静态要素和动态成藏2个方面。作为一种重要而有效的运移通道类型,泥底辟(泥火山)携带的气体将是天然气水合物的重要气体来源。同时,含气流体沿着泥底辟(泥火山)的上侵,可能会导致上覆地层中温压场和地球化学组分的改变,进而引起天然气水合物稳定带厚度的变化。因此,泥底辟(泥火山)将控制天然气水合物的成藏,如位于构造中心部位的矿物低温热液成藏模式和位于构造边缘的矿物交代成藏模式。另一方面,泥底辟(泥火山)的不同演化阶段将对天然气水合物的形成和富集产生不同的影响。早期阶段,泥底辟(泥火山)形成的运移通道可能并未延伸到天然气水合物稳定带,导致气源供给不够充分;中期阶段,天然气水合物成藏条件匹配良好,利于天然气水合物的生成;晚期阶段,泥火山喷发带来的高热量含气流体引起天然气水合物稳定带的热异常,可能导致天然气水合物的分解,直至泥火山活动平静期,天然气水合物再次成藏。 相似文献
14.
Marine spark sources are widely used in high-resolution marine seismic surveys.The characteristic of a wavelet is a critical part in seismic exploration;thus,the formation and numerical simulation of spark source wavelets should be explored.In studies on spark source excitation,the acoustic field generated by the interaction between bubbles constitutes the near-field wavelet of a source.Therefore,this interaction should be revealed by studying complex multibubble motion laws.In this study,actual discharge conditions were combined to derive the multibubble equation of motion.Energy conservation,ideal gas equation,and environmental factors in the discharge of spark source wavelets were studied,and the simulation method of an ocean spark source wavelet was established.The accuracy of the simulation calculation method was verified through a comparison of indoor-measured signals using three electrodes and the spark source wavelet obtained in the field.Results revealed that the accuracy of the model is related to the number of electrodes.The fewer the number of electrodes used,the lower will be the model's accuracy.This finding is attributed to the statistical hypothesis factor introduced to eliminate the coupling term of the interaction of the multibubble motion equation.This study presents a method for analyzing the wavelet characteristics of an indoor-simulated spark source wavelet. 相似文献
15.
V.K. Chistyakov Youhong SUN Chen CHEN Zupei ZHANG 《东北亚地学研究》2006,9(2):164-167
Gas hydrates-the firm crystal connections formed water （water, ice, water vapor） and low-molecu- lar waterproof natural gases （mainly methane） whose crystal structure effectively compresses gas： each cubic meter of hydrate can yield over 160 m^3 of methane. In present time exploitation of the Messoyahsk （Russia） and Mallik （Canada） deposits of gas hydrates in is conducted actively. The further perfection of prospecting methods in the field of studying gas hydrates containing sediments in round extent depends on improvement of geophysical and well test research, among which native-state core drilling is one of the major. Sampling nativestate core from gas hydrates sediments keeping not only original composition, but structural-textural features of their construction. Despite of appeal of use gas hydrates as the perspective and ecologically pure fuel possessing huge resources, investigation and development of their deposits can lead to a number of the negative consequences connected with arising hazards for maintenance of their technical and ecological safety of carrying out. Scales of arising problems can change from local up to regional and even global. 相似文献
16.
Gas hydrates-the firm crystal connections formed water (water, ice, water vapor) and low-molecular waterproof natural gases (mainly methane) whose crystal structure effectively compresses gas: each cubic meter of hydrate can yield over 160 m3 of methane.In present time exploitation of the Messoyahsk (Russia) and Mallik (Canada) deposits of gas hydrates in is conducted actively. The further perfection of prospecting methods in the field of studying gas hydrates containing sediments in round extent depends on improvement of geophysical and well test research, among which native-state core drilling is one of the major. Sampling native-state core from gas hydrates sediments keeping not only original composition, but structural-textural features of their construction.Despite of appeal of use gas hydrates as the perspective and ecologically pure fuel possessing huge resources, investigation and development of their deposits can lead to a number of the negative consequences connected with arising hazards for maintenance of their technical and ecological safety of carrying out. Scales of arising problems can change from local up to regional and even global. 相似文献
17.
以实际水合物存在的美国布莱克海台地震数据为例,利用地震剖面中四个层位(海底层、水合物顶层,水合物层和游离气层)地震数据,通过相干技术研究了四个层位地震波同相轴的连续性。结果表明:在同一层位中,随着时窗宽度的增大,所有时窗相干值的均值都逐渐减小;在相同时窗宽度下,相干程度最好的为海底层,其次为水合物层、水合物顶层及游离气层。由此,通过对比各层位的相干值,可以指示天然气水合物的存在,这为水合物识别及其开采提供了有价值的参考。 相似文献
18.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,(5)
To investigate the nature of gas hydrates in the Makran area,new high-resolution geophysical data were acquired between 2018-2019.The data collected comprise multibeam and two-dimensional multi-channel seismic reflection data.The multibeam bathymetry data show East-North-East(ENE) ridges,piggy-back basins,canyon and channel systems,and the morphology of the abyssal plain.Continuous and discontinuous bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs) occur in the piggy-back basins on most of the seismic profiles available.The BSRs cut the dipping layers with strong amplitude and reversed polarity.Discontinuous BSRs indicate a transition along a dipping high-permeable sand layers from gas-rich segment to the gas hydrate-bearing segment and sugge st alternating sediments of fine and relatively coarse grain size.Double BSRs are highly dynamic and attributed to slumps occurring in the study area.The BSRs induced by slumps are located both at deep and shallow depths,responding to the temperature or pressure variation.For the first time,BSRs are observed in the abyssal plain of the Makran area,being associated with anticline structures,which do not show large spatial continuity and are strongly conditioned by structural conditions such as anticlines and fluid migration pathways,including deep fault,gas chimney,and high-permeable sedimentary layer.Our results may help to assess the gas hydrate potential within the piggy-back basins and to determine the most promising target areas.Moreover,results about the abyssal plain BSR may help to locate hydrocarbon reservoirs in the deep ocean. 相似文献
19.
Submarine landslides have been observed in the Baiyun Depression of the South China Sea. The occurrence of hydrates below these landslides indicates that these slope instabilities may be closely related to the massive release of methane. In this study, we used a simple Monte-Carlo model to determine the first-order deformation pattern of a gravitationally destabilizing slope. The results show that a stress concentration occurs due to hydrate dissociation on the nearby glide surface and on top of a gas chimney structure. Upon the dissolution of the gas hydrate, slope failure occurs due to the excess pore pressure generated by the dissociation of the gas hydrates. When gas hydrates dissociate at shallow depths, the excess pore pressure generated can be greater than the total stress acting at those points, along with the forces that resist sliding. Initially, the failure occurs at the toe of the slope, then extends to the interior. Although our investigation focused only on the contribution of hydrate decomposition to submarine landslide, this process is also affected by both the slope material properties and topography. 相似文献
20.
分析论述了地震多参数,包括速度、振幅、频率和相位等的提取以及在储层油气综合判别预测中的方法技术,并通过实例验证了该方法技术在碎屑岩储层油气预测中的有效性。 相似文献