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1.
Presented are the technique and results of studying the landscape structure of the north-west of Western Siberia on the basis of the Hansen mosaic dataset consisting of elements covering the entire territory of the Earth. To study this area used a synthesis of classical methods of thematic system mapping as described in the doctrine of geosystems of V. B. Sochava, and automated interpretation of remote sensing data and mapping using GIS technologies. The method of geoinformational mapping of the landscape structure with the use of MultiSpec and Quantum GIS software programs for the purpose of drawing up real-time raster landscape maps is shown. In drawing up the map and the legend, the principle of geomic system-hierarchical representation of the territory as a complex multi-level “bottom-up” structure from topological-level geosystems (groups and classes of landscape facies) to regional-level geosystems (geoms, groups and classes of geoms) was used. Compilation of operational raster landscape maps of the north-west of Western Siberia involved multilevel automated interpretation of the Hansen mosaic dataset and mapping of areas (clusters) on images with different brightness characteristics, with the landscape structure of key areas and stationary physical and geographical profiles. A characteristic of this approach also implies using a dynamic classification of geosystems based on the study of their variable states. Such an approach permits a monitoring of changes in landscape structure and its areas and the intensity of anthropogenic impacts on forest and marsh landscapes, and determination of permissible pressure on geosystems in areas with high technogenic pressure of the oil and gas complex represented by the north-west of Siberia. An automated processing of data based on a supervised classification of territorial objects allows for the elimination of inaccuracies arising in visual image interpretation. Raster landscape maps can be used both for a further generation of vector maps and as a real-time information base for purposes of environmental management and protection. 相似文献
2.
Traditionally, forest inventory and ecosystem mapping at local to regional scales rely on manual interpretation of aerial photographs, based on standardized, expert-driven classification schemes. These current approaches provide the information needed for forest ecosystem management but constrain the thematic and spatial resolution of mapping and are infrequently repeated. The goal of this research was to demonstrate the utility of an unsupervised, quantitative technique based on Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and multi-spectral satellite imagery for mapping local-scale ecosystems over a heterogeneous landscape of forested and non-forested ecosystems. We derived a range of metrics characterizing local terrain and vegetation from LiDAR and RapidEye imagery for Calvert and Hecate Islands, British Columbia. These metrics were used in a cluster analysis to classify and quantitatively characterize ecological units across the island. A total of 18 clusters were derived. The clusters were attributed with quantitative summary statistics from the remotely sensed data inputs and contextualized through comparison to ecological units delineated in a traditional expert-driven mapping method using aerial photographs. The 18 clusters describe ecosystems ranging from open shrublands to dense, productive forest and include a riparian zone and many wetter and wetland ecosystems. The clusters provide detailed, spatially-explicit information for characterizing the landscape as a mosaic of units defined by topography and vegetation structure. This study demonstrates that using various types of remotely sensed data in a quantitative classification can provide scientists and managers with multivariate information unique from that which results from traditional, expert-based ecosystem mapping methods. 相似文献
3.
土壤盐渍化遥感应用研究进展 总被引：35，自引：4，他引：31
文章从地面数据的调查、盐渍土影象的目视判读特征、光谱特征和土壤盐渍化区域的植被特征以及多光谱、高光谱遥感技术等方面综述国内外应用遥感数据探测土壤盐渍化程度及其制图的研究。利用数字图象并结合野外调查数据进行目视解译和计算机自动解译、图象变换提取盐渍土信息;结合G IS方法在分类中加入非遥感数据来提高分类精度;在研究盐渍土的光谱特征的基础上应用高光谱技术定量或半定量地提取盐渍土信息。这都是制定综合治理措施、决定土地利用方向的关键,也是进行区域土壤盐渍化动态预报的重要依据。 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACTTerrain feature detection is a fundamental task in terrain analysis and landscape scene interpretation. Discovering where a specific feature (i.e. sand dune, crater, etc.) is located and how it evolves over time is essential for understanding landform processes and their impacts on the environment, ecosystem, and human population. Traditional induction-based approaches are challenged by their inefficiency for generalizing diverse and complex terrain features as well as their performance for scalable processing of the massive geospatial data available. This paper presents a new deep learning (DL) approach to support automatic detection of terrain features from remotely sensed images. The novelty of this work lies in: (1) a terrain feature database containing 12,000 remotely sensed images (1,000 original images and 11,000 derived images from data augmentation) that supports data-driven model training and new discovery; (2) a DL-based object detection network empowered by ensemble learning and deep and deeper convolutional neural networks to achieve high-accuracy object detection; and (3) fine-tuning the model’s characteristics and behaviors to identify the best combination of hyperparameters and other network factors. The introduction of DL into geospatial applications is expected to contribute significantly to intelligent terrain analysis, landscape scene interpretation, and the maturation of spatial data science. 相似文献
5.
Emily S. Weeks Anne‐Gaelle E. Ausseil James D. Shepherd John R. Dymond 《New Zealand geographer》2013,69(1):1-13
We compared four remote sensing methods to detect changes in New Zealand's grasslands (image differencing, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) differencing post‐classification and visual interpretation). The visual interpretation resulted in the best classification results, with a 98% overall accuracy when compared with ground‐truthed data. The tests on automatic classification (image differencing, NDVI differencing) and post classification had much lower accuracies, ranging from 47% to 56%. In the New Zealand grassland landscape, automatic detection methods were not able to differentiate between variations of soil moisture and vegetation phenology from variations in land‐use change. This, in combination with topographic effects, which have hampered the automated mapping of vegetation, is the main reason why visual interpretation of high‐resolution imagery is still needed. 相似文献
6.
Cash crop cultivation has been a critical driver of land use change in many countries around the world. However, few efforts have been made to quantify the relationships between cash crop expansion and the subsequent landscape pattern changes. This paper characterized the process of cash crop expansion across Tiaoxi watershed (China) from 1985 to 2009 using multi-sensor and multi-temporal remotely sensed imageries. Correlations were identified between indicators of cash crop expansion (total area and total production of cash crops) and a family of landscape fragmentation metrics (patch density, edge density, landscape division index, effective mesh size, splitting index, Shannon's diversity index, and aggregation index). Results showed that Tiaoxi watershed experienced profound cash crop expansion and progressive landscape fragmentation. The cash crops spread in accessible and productive areas at the expense of paddy and forests. Social drivers of cash crop expansion included population growth, labor structure changes and market incentives. Indicators of cash crop expansion presented linear relationships with landscape fragmentation metrics. These findings evidenced that cash crop cultivation would significantly fragment landscapes. Our study contributed to understanding on the enlarging cultivation of cash crops and the associated modifications of landscape patterns in subtropical regions. 相似文献
7.
差分主成分分析法在辽河三角洲景观变化中的应用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
差分主成分分析法是应用遥感数据检测景观变化的一种新方法。为了提高检测精度,我们利用TM卫星遥感数据,改进了主成分分析法和图像差值法,提出了差分主成分分析法。并以辽河三角洲地区为例,对该方法进行了验证。研究结果表明：(1) 与传统的检测法-分类后比较法相比,差分主成分分析法具有较高的检测精度,总检测精度为0.89,Kappa指数为0.82;(2) 在1984~2000年的16年间,辽河三角洲地区有近22%的景观发生了变化,主要包括芦苇湿地的减少、水稻田的增加以及城镇用地的增加。 相似文献
8.
1988―2008年珠海市滨海湿地景观格局演变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以珠海市1988、1998和2008年3期TM影像为基础数据,在RS和GIS技术支持下,运用土地利用转移矩阵和景观格局指数模型,对珠海市滨海湿地20年间景观格局的动态变化过程进行定量分析。结果表明:①珠海滨海湿地以浅海水域和水田景观为主导景观类型;②20年间滨海湿地景观面积随时间推移呈显著减少趋势,共有14 688.84 hm2滨海湿地流失,以水田景观和浅海水域景观减少最为明显。③湿地与建设用地、农用地以及湿地内部景观类型之间的动态转化频繁,突出表现为建设占用湿地、水田与其它农用地的相互转化以及浅海水域转化为河流和养殖水面。④20年间研究区湿地景观破碎化程度加剧,景观形状趋于复杂,内部聚合程度减弱,分布趋于分散,景观异质性上升。 相似文献
9.
快速城市化地区景观组分在地形梯度上的分布特征研究 总被引：65，自引：5，他引：65
采用地形位指数综合描述深圳市龙华地区的地形差异，并在此基础上，利用无量纲的分布指数对景观组分的空间分布特征进行了半定量分析，结果表明，地形位指数可以综合地反映地形条件的空间分布和差异信息，分布指数用于描述某各组分的实际分布与标准分布的差异，可以排险面积的干扰，为各种经较分析创造了条件，研究时段内龙华地区景观组分在地形位梯度上整体分布格局的复杂性显著增加，人为景观改造活动主要表现为一种中尺度土地利用结构调整行为，并有助于对不同地形条件下的土地利用进行加严格的分工，地形差异则是大尺度景观整体格局形成的基本骨架。 相似文献
10.
Daniel A. Griffith 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(9):1703-1717
Moran eigenvector spatial filtering (MESF) furnishes an alternative method to account for spatial autocorrelation in linear regression specifications describing georeferenced data, although spatial auto-models also are widely used. The utility of this MESF methodology is even more impressive for the non-Gaussian models because its flexible structure enables it to be easily applied to generalized linear models, which include Poisson, binomial, and negative binomial regression. However, the implementation of MESF can be computationally challenging, especially when the number of geographic units, n, is large, or massive, such as with a remotely sensed image. This intensive computation aspect has been a drawback to the use of MESF, particularly for analyzing a remotely sensed image, which can easily contain millions of pixels. Motivated by Curry, this paper proposes an approximation approach to constructing eigenvector spatial filters (ESFs) for a large spatial tessellation. This approximation is based on a divide-and-conquer approach. That is, it constructs ESFs separately for each sub-region, and then combines the resulting ESFs across an entire remotely sensed image. This paper, employing selected specimen remotely sensed images, demonstrates that the proposed technique provides a computationally efficient and successful approach to implement MESF for large or massive spatial tessellations. 相似文献
11.
喀拉峻-库尔德宁区域是新疆天山自然遗产地的重要组成部分,其生态健康状况将影响该自然遗产地的突出普遍价值。目前从景观生态学角度,通过景观格局动态演化过程反映自然遗产地生态健康研究较少。本研究以喀拉峻-库尔德宁区域为例,基于多源遥感影像,提取景观信息进行定性与定量分析,并结合景观格局指数,从景观动态特征、类型水平和景观水平分析景观格局演化特征,评价景观健康状况,形成自然遗产地景观数据的获取方法,探索景观格局与生态过程的关系,为相关研究提供借鉴。结果显示：裸地增加,冰雪、针阔混交林等景观减少;类型水平上,针阔混交林受人为干扰严重,中和低覆盖度草地呈破碎化;景观水平上,景观聚集度、连通性、分形状况稳定,景观多样性提升后维持稳定;总体景观生态健康,突出普遍价值（OUV）维持稳定,但对针阔混交林需要进行重点保护。结果可为研究区综合管理和生态健康分析提供有效数据。 相似文献
12.
应用“北京一号”遥感数据计算官厅水库库滨带植被覆盖度 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
“北京一号”卫星是拥有多方面技术优势的一颗对地观测小卫星。本文在运用“北京一号”、SPOT5、QuickBird遥感图像对官厅水库库滨带植被覆盖度进行综合监测的基础上,对三种不同分辨率的遥感图像进行基于统计的尺度转换,并应用尺度转换的结果修正了“北京一号”图像提取的植被覆盖度。经检验,运用SPOT5和QuickBird图像对“北京一号”图像进行像元分解,将统计结果与“北京一号”图像的提取信息建立统计模型,应用该统计模型可以有效地提高“北京一号”图像提取植被覆盖度的精度。对湿生植被进行样方调查,结果证明运用像元分解和统计模型的方法使“北京一号”提取植被覆盖度的精度较运用植被指数转换模型的计算精度提高了22.7%。应用该方法可以更有效地运用“北京一号”遥感数据进行连续、大面积的植被监测。 相似文献
13.
基于多尺度空间ANN - CA模型的遥感影像超分辨率制图方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为获取遥感影像混合像元中各组分的空间分布状况,提出一种新的遥感影像超分辨率制图方法,用于继混合像元分解之后的亚像元定位。将元胞自动机理论移植到不同空间尺度的演化上,建立基于神经网络的多尺度元胞自动机模型(ANN-CA),并利用该模型提取北京市海淀区城镇用地超分辨率信息。结果表明,该方法能有效表达图像像元之间的空间自相关性。 相似文献
14.
A. J. Tatem H. G. Lewis P. M. Atkinson M. S. Nixon 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):647-672
Land cover class composition of remotely sensed image pixels can be estimated using soft classification techniques increasingly available in many GIS packages. However, their output provides no indication of how such classes are distributed spatially within the instantaneous field of view represented by the pixel. Techniques that attempt to provide an improved spatial representation of land cover have been developed, but not tested on the difficult task of mapping from real satellite imagery. The authors investigated the use of a Hopfield neural network technique to map the spatial distributions of classes reliably using information of pixel composition determined from soft classification previously. The approach involved designing the energy function to produce a ‘best guess’ prediction of the spatial distribution of class components in each pixel. In previous studies, the authors described the application of the technique to target identification, pattern prediction and land cover mapping at the sub-pixel scale, but only for simulated imagery. We now show how the approach can be applied to Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) agriculture imagery to derive accurate estimates of land cover and reduce the uncertainty inherent in such imagery. The technique was applied to Landsat TM imagery of small-scale agriculture in Greece and largescale agriculture near Leicester, UK. The resultant maps provided an accurate and improved representation of the land covers studied, with RMS errors for the Landsat imagery of the order of 0.1 in the new fine resolution map recorded. The results showed that the neural network represents a simple efficient tool for mapping land cover from operational satellite sensor imagery and can deliver requisite results and improvements over traditional techniques for the GIS analysis of practical remotely sensed imagery at the sub pixel scale. 相似文献
15.
The formative stages of the geosystem mapping methodology are outlined. It is determined that the early stages of geosystem mapping showed a continuity of the ideas of geobotanical mapping: concerning the hierarchical structure of the phytosphere, and the invariant and the variable states of plant communities. It was found that geosystem mapping involves integrating the facies according to structural and structural-dynamic indicators differing from a traditional typization. Data were generalized having regard to the assignment of the facies to a particular landscape area. Use was made of the facies categories of optimal, limited and reduced development caused by a difference in their structure and biotic productivity. It was determined that a next mapping stage implied identifying the dynamic categories and geosystem state variables associated with one primary geomer regarded as the parent core. The map legend was based on the characteristics of the relief and vegetation. The absence of other indicators has limited the possibilities of using the map to solve forecasting problems. It was established that at present, given a significant body of landscape data, there is almost no research devoted to the cartographic solution of the problem of assessing changes in the natural environment. There is a need for mapping of the structural, dynamic and genetic uniqueness of geosystems and to explain their diagnostic features in all crucial components. We determined that the current stage of mapping should be focused on solving the problem of geographic map-based forecasting. For solving the forecast issues, we identified the features of structural-dynamic and evolutionary transformations of geosystems, their stability, and the direction of transformation under the influence of various factors. The methodology and stages of geosystem mapping are suggested. 相似文献
16.
南沙群岛景观分５种类型：礁丘热带海洋生物繁生景观，环礁带海洋生物繁生景观，灰沙岛热带常绿刮灌林磷积石灰土景观，大陆架热带海海海洋生物繁生景观，深海热带大洋性和深海性海洋生物景观，这５种景观归纳为两类，一类为热带海洋景观，包括浅海和深海；另一类为热带珊瑚礁景观，下分礁丘，环礁和灰沙岛３种，南沙群岛景观类型分布和演化与古地理和现代化环境条件有关。 相似文献
17.
The process of landscape fragmentation outside park borders occurs through the actions of people living near the boundaries. In the Kibale National Park landscape in western Uganda, human-landscape relationships are typified by small-scale subsistence agriculture, in which households rely on resources provided in forests and wetlands, whose use is in turn shaped by perceptions of resource availability. To understand and manage for fragmentation of resource pools, modeling and identifying the proximate drivers, and thus enacted resource extraction and utilization – is of fundamental importance. We combine landscape analysis at the household scale, using remotely sensed data, with household surveys, to understand the potential human drivers of local scale landscape change. We found strong evidence for a local household zone (LHZ) effect on fragmentation patterns with geographical and socioecological heterogeneities in LHZ impact. Differences were influenced by wealth, and in some cases, tribal identity. The perception of crop raiders – primarily baboons and small monkeys, but also elephants and other animals – may have largely shaped human-environment interactions, and were associated with fragmentation. Ninety-two percent of the best fit models included the attitude that the park should stay, but associated it with increased fragmentation, suggesting that the uncharacteristic non-hostile attitude about Kibale does not directly translate into conservation-friendly local human-environment interactions. This study provides insight into park–neighbor interactions and the influence of the LHZ on protected-area landscapes, and it points to important points in the system for collaborative opportunities to engage communities and conservation managers. 相似文献
18.
Arko Lucieer Menno-Jan Kraak 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):491-512
In this study, we propose, describe, and demonstrate a new geovisualization tool to demonstrate the use of exploratory and interactive visualization techniques for a visual fuzzy classification of remotely sensed imagery. The proposed tool uses dynamically linked views, consisting of an image display, a parallel coordinate plot, a 3D feature space plot, and a classified map with an uncertainty map. It allows a geoscientist to interact with the parameters of a fuzzy classification algorithm by visually adjusting fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy transition zones of land-cover classes. The purpose of this tool is to improve insight into fuzzy classification of remotely sensed imagery and related uncertainty. We tested our tool with a visual fuzzy land-cover classification of a Landsat 7 ETM+ image of an area in southern France characterized by objects with indeterminate boundaries. Good results were obtained with the visual classifier. Additionally, a focus-group user test of the tool showed that insight into a fuzzy classification algorithm and classification uncertainty improved considerably. 相似文献
19.
塔里木河干流植被遥感监测时空多尺度协同分析方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用遥感植被指数、典型植被样方和地面观测信息进行塔里木河干流植被监测是目前的主要方法。由于塔里木河干流具有流域下垫面均匀性差,自然植被随机分布的特点,使得现有研究方法局限在特定的时间和空间尺度,很难使用地面的观测数据和不同尺度的遥感数据进行植被生长状态的协同分析。针对这些问题,本文提出了利用不同分辨率遥感数据和地面观测数据进行多尺度协同分析的方法MSSA(Multiple Scale Synergy Analysis)。该方法包括以下几个步骤:①通过低空间分辨率的遥感数据构建时间序列的塔里木河干流植被指数分布图像,在分析图像特征的基础上划分塔里木河遥感监测单元;②对监测单元内部不同组分的时间和空间状态参数进行量化与率定;③根据几何光学模型原理和植被随机分布特性,采用线性混合模型模拟单元植被指数;④根据模拟结果和遥感数据的对比分析,获得地面植被参量的可靠估计。该方法将地面组分的状态参量和遥感数据通过模拟模型相关联,实现了不同时空尺度遥感数据以及地面样方或者点观测数据的协同分析,为塔里木河干流植被监测进行长期、细致的研究建立了海量数据综合分析的方法体系。 相似文献
20.
Hong S. He Stephen J. Ventura David J. Mladenoff 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):93-109
Spatial aggregations of raster data based on the majority rule have been typically used in landscape ecological studies. It is generally acknowledged that (1) dominant classes increase in abundance while minor classes decrease in abundance or even disappear through aggregation processes; and (2) spatial patterns also change with aggregations. In this paper, we examined an alternative, random rule-based aggregation and its effects on cover type abundance and landscape patterns, in comparison with the majority rule-based aggregation. We aggregated a classified TM imagery (about 1.5 million ha) from 30m (4231 × 3717 pixels) incrementally to 990m resolution (132 pixels × 116 pixels). Cover type proportion, mean patch size ratio, aggregation index (AI), and fractal dimension (FD) were used to assess the effects of aggregation. To compare landscapes under different resolutions, we assumed that the landscapes were least distorted if (1) the cover type proportions and mean patch size ratios among classes were maintained, and (2) all cover types responded in the same way for a given index as aggregation levels increased. For example, distortion is introduced by aggregation if some cover types increase their AI values with increasing aggregation levels while other cover types decrease. Our study indicated that the two spatial aggregation techniques led to different results in cover type proportions and they altered spatial pattern in opposite ways. The majority rule-based aggregations caused distortions of cover type proportions and spatial patterns. Generally, the majority rule-based aggregation filtered out minor classes and produced clumped landscapes. Such landscape representations are relatively easy for interpreting and, therefore, are suitable for land managers to conceptualize spatial patterns of a study region. By contrast, the random rule-based aggregations maintained cover type proportions accurately, but tended to make spatial patterns change toward disaggregation. Overall, the measurements of landscape indices used in this study indicated that 相似文献