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以长三角城市群为研究区,基于时序多源遥感数据,通过均值标准差法对城市热岛等级进行分类,研究长三角城市群城市热岛时空分异特征,同时从下垫面属性、人为活动和植被覆盖等角度探索其城市热岛形成机制,可为缓解城市热岛效应提供一定参考。研究结果表明,长三角城市群2013—2018年城市热岛现象明显且呈增强趋势,其城市热岛空间分布呈现“M”型空间分布,具有较强的时空分异;浙江省和江苏省大部分城市的城市热岛较强,而安徽省大部分城市的城市热岛分布范围较小。长三角城市群的城市热岛与建成区空间分布表现出一致性,其热岛效应的增强与建成区和郊区林地面积的增长有关;长三角城市群的城市热岛与夜间灯光分布和植被覆盖空间分布均呈现空间一致性,城市热岛与夜间灯光强度成正比关系,与植被覆盖呈反比关系。 相似文献
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本文以3个时期的TM/ETM+图像为数据源,反演了南通市1995-2008年的地表温度,利用均值-标准差法对城市热场进行了分级,阐述了南通市热岛效应空间分布格局、时空演变特征,定量分析了地表温度与土地利用、植被覆盖率的关系,揭示了南通市城市热岛效应演变的原因。结果表明,随着城市化进程的加快,南通市城市热岛区域扩张明显,增加了11.96%,且呈现逐渐向东南方向扩张的趋势,除以濠河为中心的老城区继续保留其热岛特征外,在新城区和经济开发区出现了多个热岛区域,植被覆盖率与温度高低存在着较高的负相关性。 相似文献
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针对在湿地动态变化监测中,经典的土地利用转移矩阵无法实现湿地类型变化信息的定位可视化表达的问题,提出了一种新的时空变化信息的可视化分析方法。利用由空间单元和时序单元集成的时空复合单元建立转移图谱单元分类体系,较好地记录每一个图谱单元湿地类型的起始和终止状态,实现了湿地时空变化信息的定位表达;基于遥感制图和地学图谱的湿地空间演变规律特征图谱,采用图表和图谱的形式展示湿地类型变化的数量及空间位置变化信息,实现了湿地时空变化的可视化表达。基于银川平原湿地的实验结果表明:该方法能够清晰、直观地显示1999—2013年期间银川平原湿地的时空变化,能够为该地区合理利用湿地资源提供科学的理论依据。 相似文献
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利用连云港市23年土地利用格局3期TM/ETM遥感影像(1987年、2000年、2009年),基于地学信息图谱分析方法,运用ArcGIS软件合成了6种类型的土地利用格局变化图谱,并以1987—2009年为例,对连云港海岸带的土地利用/覆盖演变过程的信息图谱进行详细分析。结果表明,这期间土地利用/覆盖变化以盐田和耕地为主。在各种用地变化中,盐田变水产养殖用地最大,占变化面积的31.19%,面积为242.259 9 km2,主要分布在海岸线以西一侧,特别是赣榆县城的东南部、连云区城区以南的地区。 相似文献
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基于GIS的长白山景观格局演化信息图谱分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
景观格局是若干生态系统的综合体,受地貌、气候和其他外界多种因素的干扰,是模拟和预测地理要素变化趋势的基础。地学信息图谱理论为景观格局研究提供新的方法。基于RS和GIS技术,分析了20世纪70年代后期以来长白山地区景观格局图谱的时空变化规律。利用1977年MSS、1985年、1999年TM影像时间系列的遥感数据,建立空间信息库,选取景观/斑块类型面积、斑块所占景观面积的比例、平均斑块面积、斑块个数、破碎度指数、分维数、优势度指数等指标,对长白山景观空间格局的动态演变进行了分析。分析了长白山地区近30年来的景观结构变化,建立长白山景观格局演化的信息图谱。景观格局与过程的变化表明,人为活动对景观格局产生的影响,已成为景观格局变化的主要驱动因子。 相似文献
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基于多时相图谱的青藏高原湖泊变化检测研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用多期遥感影像,对青藏高原南羌塘地区纳木错湖泊流域北部进行解译,提取了多时相地学信息图谱,发现1992-2005年间,湖泊面积扩张且整体变化呈加快趋势。分析了研究区内典型湖泊的变化特征,确定了稳定增加的湖泊面积。通过多时相地学信息图谱检测的变化信息与区内多年气象数据的复合分析,探讨了湖泊变化与气候变化的响应关系。 相似文献
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基于多目标遥感信息处理的城市扩展监测与分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于徐州市1994年、2002年和2007年的多时相Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像,利用建筑用地指数(IBI)提取城市建筑用地信息,通过监督分类获得城市土地覆盖网,由单窗算法反演地表温度.利用多目标遥感信息处理得到的建筑用地分布、土地覆盖图和地表热环境信息,从土地利用结构变化、城市热环境时空演变两个方面分析了徐州市城市扩展动态,表明徐州市建成区面积不断扩大,城市扩展速度进一步加快,土地利用类型相互转换频繁;城市热岛现象显著,热岛分布与城市建筑用地的轮廓基本吻合,建筑用地不断增加是热岛效应加重的主要因素.研究表明,综合土地覆盖分类、专题信息提取和地表参数定量反演的多目标遥感信息处理用于监测分析城市扩展与生态环境响应具有明显的优越性. 相似文献
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随着快速城市化进程,我国东南沿海一些城市新增了大量的城市建设用地,影响到了城市的人居环境,诱发了城市热的环境问题。探索城市热环境时空布局与变化特征,分析变化原因对城市可持续发展和人居环境质量改善具有重要的现实意义。本文以东莞市为例,以1986—2017年间8个时相Landsat系列卫星影像为数据源,利用单通道算法对东莞市地表温度进行定量反演,分析东莞城市热环境的时空分布特征及其变化,并探讨其影响因素。结果表明,东莞市30多年的城市热环境主要表现为热岛的分布格局,由零散的点状分布逐渐发展成沿着主要交通路线的带状分布;东莞市城镇/街道中心的地表温度明显高于郊区、村落,存在较强的热岛效应;1986—2017年东莞市的热岛比例指数总体呈上升趋势,从0.06上升到0.15,在2009年东莞市热岛效应达到最高。研究结果对合理规划东莞城市建设,促进城市建设可持续发展等方面具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Area Delineation and Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Urban Heat Island in Lanzhou City,China Using Remote Sensing Imagery 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jinghu Pan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2016,44(1):111-127
One of the key impacts of rapid urbanization on the environment is the effect of urban heat island (UHI). By using the Landsat TM/ETM+ thermal infrared remote sensing data of 1993, 2001 and 2011 to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST) of Lanzhou City, and by adopting object-oriented fractal net evolution approach (FNEA) to make image segmentation of the LST, the UHI elements were extracted. The G* index spatial aggregation analysis was made to calculate the urban heat island ratio index (URI), and the landscape metrics were used to quantify the changes of the spatial pattern of the UHI from the aspects of quantity, shape and structure. The impervious surface distribution and vegetation coverage were extracted by a constrained linear spectral mixture model to explore the relationships of the impervious surface distribution and vegetation coverage with the UHI. The information of urban built-up area was extracted by using UBI (NDBI-NDVI) index, and the effects of urban expansion on city thermal environment were quantitatively analyzed, with the URI and the LST grade maps built. In recent 20 years, the UHI effect in Lanzhou City was strengthened, with the URI increased by 1.4 times. The urban expansion had a spatiotemporal consistency with the UHI expansion. The patch number and density of the UHI landscape were increased, the patch shape and the whole landscape tended to be complex, the landscape became more fragmented, and the landscape connectivity was decreased. The heat island strength had a negative linear correlation with the urban vegetation coverage, and a positive logarithmic correlation with the urban impervious surface coverage. 相似文献
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Youshui Zhang Inakwu O.A. Odeh Chunfeng Han 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2009
As more than 50% of the human population are situated in cities of the world, urbanization has become an important contributor to global warming due to remarkable urban heat island (UHI) effect. UHI effect has been linked to the regional climate, environment, and socio-economic development. In this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery, respectively acquired in 1989 and 2001, were utilized to assess urban area thermal characteristics in Fuzhou, the capital city of Fujian province in south-eastern China. As a key indicator for the assessment of urban environments, sub-pixel impervious surface area (ISA) was mapped to quantitatively determine urban land-use extents and urban surface thermal patterns. In order to accurately estimate urban surface types, high-resolution imagery was utilized to generate the proportion of impervious surface areas. Urban thermal characteristics was further analysed by investigating the relationships between the land surface temperature (LST), percent impervious surface area, and two indices, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The results show that correlations between NDVI and LST are rather weak, but there is a strong positive correlation between percent ISA, NDBI and LST. This suggests that percent ISA, combined with LST, and NDBI, can quantitatively describe the spatial distribution and temporal variation of urban thermal patterns and associated land-use/land-cover (LULC) conditions. 相似文献
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许辉熙 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(1):13-19
城市热岛效应是当前城市气候与城市生态环境的研究热点。研究使用Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像获取城市建成区信息和反演亮度温度,进而评价成都平原6个中等城市的热岛强度、热岛发育程度以及空间动态演变特征。研究发现,在"评价初期→评价中期→评价末期"过程中,成都平原6个中等城市的热岛强度前期增强、后期减弱;城市旧城区的热岛规模普遍减小,这说明,旧城区热环境有所改善,而城市扩展区的热岛规模普遍增大,是因城市扩展明显改变了地表自然环境,导致热岛效应出现,这与城市化进程的内在规律基本一致。绵阳等城市的研究成果表明,即使城市规模扩大,只要城市规划科学合理,并注重城市生态环境的保护,城市热岛效应也能得到有效缓解。 相似文献
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JIANG Zhangyan CHEN Yunhao LI Jing 《地球空间信息科学学报》2006,9(4):293-297
IntroductionThe scientists have begun to retrieve land sur-face temperature (LST) fromsatellite data sincethe launch of TIROS-Ⅱin 60s of the 20th centu-ry . With the development of remote sensingtechnology and its application, more and moreLST retrieval … 相似文献
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Land surface temperature (LST) of Beijing area was retrieved from Landsat TM thermal band data utilizing a radiative transfer equation and the urban heat island (HUI) effects of Beijing and its relationship with land cover and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were discussed. The result of LST showed that the urban LST was evidently higher than the suburban one. The average urban LST was found to 4. 5°C and 9°C higher than the suburban and outer suburban temperature, respectively, which demonstrated the prominent UHI effects in Beijing. Prominent negative correlation between LST and NDVI was found in the urban area, which suggested the low percent vegetation cover in the urban area was the main cause of the urban heat island. 相似文献
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The urban heat island (UHI) is increasingly recognized as a serious, worldwide problem because of urbanization and climate change. Urban vegetation is capable of alleviating UHI and improving urban environment by shading together with evapotranspiration. While the impacts of abundance and spatial configuration of vegetation on land surface temperature (LST) have been widely examined, very little attention has been paid to the role of vertical structure of vegetation in regulating LST. In this study, we investigated the relationships between horizontal/vertical structure characteristics of urban tree canopy and LST as well as diurnal divergence in Nanjing City, China, with the help of high resolution vegetation map, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and various statistical analysis methods. The results indicated that composition, configuration and vertical structure of tree canopy were all significantly related to both daytime LST and nighttime LST. Tree canopy showed stronger influence on LST during the day than at night. Note that the contribution of composition of tree canopy to explaining spatial heterogeneity of LST, regardless of day and night, was the highest, followed by vertical structure and configuration. Combining composition, configuration and vertical structure of tree canopy can take advantage of their respective advantages, and best explain variation in both daytime LST and nighttime LST. As for the independent importance of factors affecting spatial variation of LST, percent cover of tree canopy (PLAND), mean tree canopy height (TH_Mean), amplitude of tree canopy height (TA) and patch cohesion index (COHESION) were the most influential during the day, while the most important variables were PLAND, maximum height of tree canopy (TH_Max), variance of tree canopy height (TH_SD) and COHESION at night. This research extends our understanding of the impacts of urban trees on the UHI effect from the horizontal to three-dimensional space. In addition, it may offer sustainable and effective strategies for urban designers and planners to cope with increasing temperature. 相似文献
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The urban heat island (UHI) refers to the phenomenon of higher atmospheric and surface temperatures occurring in urban areas than in the surrounding rural areas. Mitigation of the UHI effects via the configuration of green spaces and sustainable design of urban environments has become an issue of increasing concern under changing climate. In this paper, the effects of the composition and configuration of green space on land surface temperatures (LST) were explored using landscape metrics including percentage of landscape (PLAND), edge density (ED) and patch density (PD). An oasis city of Aksu in Northwestern China was used as a case study. The metrics were calculated by moving window method based on a green space map derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, and LST data were retrieved from Landsat TM thermal band. A normalized mutual information measure was employed to investigate the relationship between LST and the spatial pattern of green space. The results showed that while the PLAND is the most important variable that elicits LST dynamics, spatial configuration of green space also has significant effect on LST. Though, the highest normalized mutual information measure was with the PLAND (0.71), it was found that the ED and PD combination is the most deterministic factors of LST than the unique effects of a single variable or the joint effects of PLAND and PD or PLAND and ED. Normalized mutual information measure estimations between LST and PLAND and ED, PLAND and PD and ED and PD were 0.7679, 0.7650 and 0.7832, respectively. A combination of the three factors PLAND, PD and ED explained much of the variance of LST with a normalized mutual information measure of 0.8694. Results from this study can expand our understanding of the relationship between LST and street trees and vegetation, and provide insights for sustainable urban planning and management under changing climate. 相似文献
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Hung Tran Daisuke Uchihama Shiro Ochi Yoshifumi Yasuoka 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006
This study focuses on using remote sensing for comparative assessment of surface urban heat island (UHI) in 18 mega cities in both temperate and tropical climate regions. Least-clouded day- and night-scenes of TERRA/MODIS acquired between 2001 and 2003 were selected to generate land-surface temperature (LST) maps. Spatial patterns of UHIs for each city were examined over its diurnal cycle and seasonal variations. A Gaussian approximation was applied in order to quantify spatial extents and magnitude of individual UHIs for inter-city comparison. To reveal relationship of UHIs with surface properties, UHI patterns were analyzed in association with urban vegetation covers and surface energy fluxes derived from high-resolution Landsat ETM+ data. This study provides a generalized picture on the UHI phenomena in the Asian region and the findings can be used to guide further study integrating satellite high-resolution thermal data with land-surface modeling and meso-scale climatic modeling in order to understand impacts of urbanization on local climate in Asia. 相似文献
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为了探讨特定城市在热岛效应中的地表温度反演的有效方法,本文分别基于TM与MODIS影像并采用了目前较为成熟的单窗和劈窗算法对泰安市的地表温度进行反演,将泰安市各气象观测站的实测温度数据与两种算法的温度反演结果进行验证,通过反演结果对比分析,证明劈窗算法精度更高。并且,采用10年间的多期MODIS影像对泰安市热岛效应分析的劈窗算法的可行性和优势进行了普适性验证。实验结果证明,针对处于山区且地势起伏较大的泰安地区,劈窗算法能较好地减弱或消除上空大气含水量高对温度反演的影响,同时还能更好地获取地表比辐射率和大气透过率,而且反演温度的分布规律也符合研究区地貌和类型要素特征。最后,本文就分析结果给出了泰安市产生热岛效应的主要原因,并认为该区域城市化过程中的城市热岛效应正在进一步加剧。 相似文献
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Yongming Xu Zhihao Qin Hongxiu Wan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2010,38(4):654-663
One of the significant environmental consequences of urbanization is the urban heat island (UHI). In this paper, Landsat TM images of 1986 and 2004 were utilized to study the spatial and temporal variations of heat island and their relationships with land cover changes in Suzhou, a Chinese city which experienced rapid urbanization in past decades. Land cover classifications were derived to quantify urban expansions and brightness temperatures were computed from the TM thermal data to express the urban thermal environment. The spatial distributions of surface temperature indicated that heat islands had been largely broadened and showed good agreements with urban expansion. Temperature statistics of main land cover types showed that built-up and bare land had higher surface temperatures than natural land covers, implying the warming effect caused by the urbanization with natural landscape being replaced by urban areas. In addition, the spatial detail distributions of surface temperature were compared with the distribution of land cover by means of GIS buffer analysis. Results show remarkable show good correspondence between heat island variations with urban area expansions. 相似文献