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Isotopic evolution and climate paleorecords: modeling boundary effects in groundwater-dominated lakes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We used an isotopic mass-balance model to examine how the hydrogeologic setting of lakes influences isotopic response of evaporating
lake water to idealized hydroclimatic changes. The model uses a monthly water and isotope balance approach with simplified
water-column structure and groundwater exchanges. The framework for comparative simulations is provided by lakes in a region
of the Northern Rocky Mountains that display high interlake geochemical variability, thought to be controlled by groundwater
hydraulics. Our analysis highlights several isotopic effects of flow between aquifers and lakes, leading to possible divergence
of isotopic paleorecords formed under a common climate. Amplitude of isotopic variation resulting from simulated climate forcing
was greatly damped when high groundwater fluxes and/or low lake volume resulted in low lake fluid residence time. Differing
precipitation and evaporation scenarios that are equivalent in annual fluid balance (P−E) resulted in different isotopic signatures,
interpreted as a result of evaporation kinetics. Concentrating low-δ groundwater inflow during spring months raised springtime
lake δ values, a counterintuitive result of coincidence between times of high groundwater inflow and the evaporation season.
Transient effects of reduced fluid balance caused excursions opposite in sign from eventual steady-state isotopic shifts resulting
from enhanced groundwater inflow dominance. Lags in response between climate forcing and isotopic signals were shortened by
high groundwater fluxes and resulting short lake residence times. Groundwater-lake exchange exerts control over patterns of
lake isotopic response to evaporation through effects on lake residence time, inflow composition, and seasonal timing of inflow
and outflow. Sediments from groundwater-linked lakes, often used for paleoenvironmental analysis, should be expected to reflect
isotopic complexities of the type shown here.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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锂资源是新技术、民用和军工行业的重要原料,全球富锂盐湖多分布在板块俯冲带和碰撞带以及板块转换带,卤水中的锂资源量占全球锂资源总量的80%。富锂盐湖中的锂主要来自于深部和浅部的水-岩作用、早期的含盐岩系以及岩浆作用,其次是盆地周围岩石的风化以及大气来源。富锂盐湖流体主要来源是大气降水、地表水、地下水、再循环卤水和岩浆水以及其它流体。地表水和地下水为富锂盐湖中锂的重要来源,其次是岩浆水和再循环卤水。岩浆作用对于富锂盐湖的形成至关重要,其不仅直接为富锂盐湖带来了成矿物质和成矿流体,还为其中的水—岩反应提供了热源。不过,幔源组成对于富锂盐湖的贡献度还需要作进一步研究。 相似文献
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Ｉ．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｔｕｄｙＡｒｅａＨａｉｈｅｂａｓｉｎｃｏｖｅｒｓａｎａｒｅａｏｆ３１８０００ｋｍ２,ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｏｆＨｅｂｅｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ,ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇａｎｄＴｉａｎｊｉｎ,ｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄｐａｒｔｏ... 相似文献
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基于流量监测的西藏东南部然乌湖水量平衡季节变化及其补给过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原分布着亚洲大陆最大的湖泊群,其湖泊变化对气候变化响应敏感。基于遥感数据的湖泊面积变化不足以反映外流湖对气候变化的响应,需借助湖泊水量平衡过程分析来进一步研究各补给要素的变化。本文利用2015年4月-11月然乌湖水文气象监测数据,通过建立流量—水位关系,依据连续的水位数据重建了观测期内然乌湖主要径流的水文过程线,并结合SRM模型分析了然乌湖的水量平衡过程及季节变化。结果表明,观测期内然乌湖入湖水量约为18.49×108 m3,其中冰川融水约为10.06×108 m3,冰川融水占然乌湖补给的54%以上,湖面降水、湖面蒸发对湖泊水量平衡过程影响微弱。流域降水对湖泊的补给具有明显的季节特征。春季受西风南支扰动影响,然乌湖地区降水量大,降水是春季然乌湖的主要补给源。夏季和早秋由于气温升高,冰川消融量大,冰川融水是湖泊补给的主控因素。在未来气候变暖的条件下,冰川融水将会在湖泊补给中占据更大比例,并可能使得流域内的冰湖水量增加,产生潜在灾害风险。 相似文献
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Modelling diatom responses to climate induced fluctuations in the moisture balance in continental Antarctic lakes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Elie Verleyen Dominic A. Hodgson Wim Vyverman Donna Roberts Andrew McMinn Koenraad Vanhoutte Koen Sabbe 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,30(2):195-215
The water chemistry of lake systems on the edge of the Antarctic continent responds quickly to changes in the moisture balance. This is expressed as increasing salinity and decreasing lake water level during dry periods, and the opposite during wet periods. The diatom composition of the lakes also changes with these fluctuations in salinity and lake water depth. This is important, as their siliceous remains become incorporated into lake sediments and can provide long-term records of past salinity using transfer functions. In order to develop transfer functions, diatoms and water chemistry data were inter-calibrated from five different East Antarctic oases, namely the Larsemann Hills, the Bølingen Islands, the Vestfold Hills, the Rauer Islands and the Windmill Islands. Results indicate that salinity is the most important environmental variable explaining the variance in the diatom flora in East Antarctic lakes. In oligo- saline lakes the variance is mainly explained by lake water depth. This dataset was used to construct a weighted averaging transfer function for salinity in order to infer historical changes in the moisture balance. This model has a jack-knifed r2 of 0.83 and a RMSEP of 0.31. The disadvantage of this transfer function is that salinity changes in oligo-saline lakes are reconstructed inaccurately due to the edge effect and due to the low species turnover along the salinity gradient at its lower end. In order to infer changes in the moisture balance in these lakes, a second transfer function using weighted averaging partial least squares (with two components) for depth was constructed. This model has a jack-knifed r2 of 0.76 and a RMSEP of 0.22. Both transfer functions can be used to infer climate driven changes in the moisture balance in lake sediment cores from oligo-, hypo-, meso- and hyper-saline lakes in East Antarctic oases between 102–75°E. The transfer function for lake water depth is promising to track trends in the moisture balance of small freshwater lakes, where changes in shallow and deep-water sediments are readily reflected in changing diatom composition. 相似文献
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黑龙江流域水文地理研究综述 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文主要从地理环境、地表水、地下水和水环境4个方面集中对黑龙江流域水文地理研究进行综述。地理环境的研究从气候变化、湖泊湿地、流域区划和流域开发进行说明,近年来该流域气候呈现变暖的趋势,湖泊湿地资源丰富,中俄两侧有众多的保护区和保护对象,水库对其水资源开发利用起到了关键作用。地表水的研究从径流特征和洪水特征进行说明,该流域可以划分为7条支流和1条干流,大气环流异常是2013年其干流出现连续暴雨的直接原因。地下水的研究从水文地质、地下水位和跨国界含水层进行说明,该流域可以划分为9个水文地质分区,地下水位动态变化特征有其特殊性,跨国界含水层问题有待于研究。水环境的研究从地表水环境和地下水环境进行说明,加强流域污水防治工作,提出流域地下水防治措施及应急处理方案。最后对寒区特色水问题等热点问题进行简要探讨。 相似文献
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扎陵湖、鄂陵湖对黄河源头年径流的影响 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
黄河源头扎陵湖、鄂陵湖为吞吐湖泊，是黄河源头二大主要湖泊。对黄河源头年径流具有滞蓄、调节作用。利用黄河源头控制站黄河沿站和下游吉迈、唐乃亥、循化3个测站水文资料，依据年径流在地区上的变化特点，分析了扎、鄂二湖对黄河源头径流影响。①扎、鄂二湖滞蓄，改变了源头径流年内分配，使其均匀化；②在枯水年份，入湖水量小，加上湖面强烈蒸发，使得湖泊以下黄河沿站年径流量更小，致使枯水程度加剧，加大了年径流年际变化；③黄河沿站与下游吉迈站年径流丰、平、枯程度对比分析，二站丰、平、枯水年同步出现机率为78．8％，扎、鄂二湖没有改变源头黄河沿站年径流丰、枯规律，是年调节湖泊，不是多年调节湖泊。 相似文献
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Huimin Yan Zhijun Yao Heqing Huang Dong Jiang Xiaohui Dong Rui Duan Yili Zhang 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(5):860-870
As they are products of glacier movement, the water body composition and water quality attributes of glacial lakes have distinct characteristics compared with inland lakes. Although satellite remote sensing provides an effective approach to monitor water quality, lack of in-situ measurement data on the status and environment surrounding glacial lakes presents a major constraint in relating satellite data to water quality indicators. This study presents findings of a preliminary investigation into water quality attributes of 3 glacial lakes in the Mount Qomolangma region. Suspended particulate matter （SPM）, light absorption attributes of phytoplankton, nonalgal particles （NAP）, and colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） were measured. The suspended substance concentration varies markedly from 0-320 mg/L. This is considered to reflect differing stages of lake development. l-he chlorophyll concentra- tion is much lower than that found for inland lakes, as landscapes that surround these high altitude lakes have almost no vegetation growth. The phytoplankton and CDOM concentration depend on long-term stability of lake slopes. Given the lack of exogenous and endogenous inputs in the Qomolangma region, CDOM in glacial lakes is significantly lower than in inland lakes. These preliminary findings could support efforts to appraise estimates of water quality parameters using remotely sensed images. 相似文献
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特枯水情对长江中下游悬浮泥沙的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于长江中下游气象资料、历史水沙资料和2006 年10 月现场水沙观测资料, 分析了 典型枯水年大通站的月均径流量和输沙率特征、2006 年特枯水情产生的气候背景以及对长江中下游含沙量和悬沙粒径产生的影响。分析表明, 枯水年长江干流输沙量有显著的减少, 2006 年特枯水情下大通站汛期输沙量仅占多年平均值(1985-2000 年) 的19.8%。在特枯水情 和三峡工程蓄水的背景下, 2006 年10 月长江中下游含沙量平均为0.057 kg/m3, 只占 2003-2005 年10 月平均值的20.6%。2006 年10 月长江中下游悬沙中值粒径平均为4.8 µm, 悬沙中值粒径只占多年平均值的26.3%, 占近期平均值的41.8%。含沙量、悬沙粒度和中游 河床冲淤特性的综合分析表明, 城陵矶-湖口河段水沙垂向交换强, 是三峡兴建以后近期河 道调整频繁的河段。洞庭湖和鄱阳湖对长江干流含沙量的贡献较大, 尤以鄱阳湖的贡献最大, 长江中下游其他支流对长江干流含沙量的贡献较小。汉江和巢湖对长江中下游悬沙粒径的影响相对较大, 而洞庭湖和鄱阳湖则对悬沙粒径的影响相对较小。 相似文献
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Results from hydrochemical investigations into macrocomponent composition of some of the lakes in the Southeastern Transbaikalia are presented. The region's saline lakes, as a rule, are soda-chloride or chloride-soda lakes according to their chemical composition. The lakes hydrochemistry is determined by a combination of evaporative concentration of salt composition, intra-water body hydrobiological processes, especially by the production of organic matter and reduction of sulfates as well as by hydrogenic sedimentation. 相似文献
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Reconstruction of landscape paleohydrology using the sediment archives of three dystrophic lakes in northeastern Poland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Danuta Drzymulska Magdalena Fiłoc Mirosława Kupryjanowicz 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,51(1):45-62
Sediment layers of uniform age within lakes (isochrones) and their patterns reflect accumulation processes which can be correlated with hydrologic conditions in lake basins. The sedimentary archives in three small dystrophic lakes in northeastern Poland are described based on the correlation of local pollen assemblage zones in cores that were collected from the centers and margins of each lake. Past regional groundwater levels could be discerned from the shape of the isochrones, whether plane parallel or concave in configuration in relation to the lake basin shape. The concave configuration of the isochrones in the studied lakes shows that regional groundwater levels remained mostly high and stable throughout their history. The water levels in each lake during the Late Glacial and throughout the Holocene were different and no single, common water-level fluctuation pattern was identified in the three water bodies. The lack of such a finding suggests that the lakes are influenced dominantly by local hydrological factors. 相似文献
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长江大通-河口段枯季的径流量变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Based on hydrometric data and extensive investigations on water-extracting projects, this paper presents a preliminary study on water discharge changes between Datong and Xuliujing during dry season. The natural hydrological processes and human factors that influence the water discharge are analyzed with the help of GIS method. The investigations indicate that the water-extracting projects downstream from Datong to Xuliujing had amounted to 64 in number by the end of 2000,with a water-extracting capacity up to 4,626 m3/s averaged in a tidal cycle. The water extraction from the Changjiang River has become the most important factor influencing the water discharge downstream Datong during dry season. The potential magnitude in water discharge changes are estimated based on historical records of water extraction and a water balance model. The computational results were calibrated with the actual data. The future trend in changes of water discharge into the sea during dry season was discussed by taking into consideration of newly built hydro-engineering projects. The water extraction downstream Datong in dry season before 2000 had a great influence on discharges into the sea in the extremely dry year like 1978-1979. It produced a net decrease of more than 490 m^3/s in monthly mean discharges from the Changjiang into the sea. It is expected that the water extraction will continually increase in the coming decades, especially in dry years, when the net decrease in monthly mean water discharge will increase to more than 1000 m^3/s and will give a far-reaching effect on the changes of water discharge from the Changjiang into the sea. 相似文献
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Based on hydrometric data and extensive investigations on water-extracting projects, this paper presents a preliminary study on water discharge changes between Datong and Xuliujing during dry season. The natural hydrological processes and human factors that influence the water discharge are analyzed with the help of GIS method. The investigations indicate that the water-extracting projects downstream from Datong to Xuliujing had amounted to 64 in number by the end of 2000, with a water-extracting capacity up to 4,626 m3/s averaged in a tidal cycle. The water extraction from the Changjiang River has become the most important factor influencing the water discharge downstream Datong during dry season. The potential magnitude in water discharge changes are estimated based on historical records of water extraction and a water balance model. The computational results were calibrated with the actual data. The future trend in changes of water discharge into the sea during dry season was discussed by taking into consideration of newly built hydro-engineering projects. The water extraction downstream Datong in dry season before 2000 had a great influence on discharges into the sea in the extremely dry year like 1978-1979. It produced a net decrease of more than 490 m3/s in monthly mean discharges from the Changjiang into the sea. It is expected that the water extraction will continually increase in the coming decades, especially in dry years, when the net decrease in monthly mean water discharge will increase to more than 1000 m3/s and will give a far-reaching effect on the changes of water discharge from the Changjiang into the sea. 相似文献
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巴丹吉林沙漠沙山区径流与地下水补给条件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在全球高差最大的巴丹吉林沙漠沙山斜坡上发现了沙漠区罕见的因大气降水而产生的地表超渗径流,地表径流侵蚀,缓渗径流及因地下径流出露而产生的地表径流--风沙混合物理沉积与化学沉积(次生盐).根据电镜观察,能谱分析,化学分析和粒度分析等资料,研究了径流化学沉积物的矿物和化学组成,风积沙和径流--风沙混合物理沉积物的粒度组成,径流类型及沙山区水分平衡,降水对地下水与湖水的补给机制.超渗径流的出现表明,虽然该区降水量少,但存在能够为地下水提供补给来源的较强有效降雨过程.径流,径流--风沙混合物理沉积和化学沉积等六项科学指标从深层次上充分证明,该区降水通过入渗至少达到了沙山的下部,完全能够对地下水构成有效补给.细粒层相对的隔水性是该区地下径流出露于地表的原因.沙山区确实存在令人惊奇的水分正平衡,即在大气降水在经过蒸发和蒸腾等消耗之后,每年还有约134648.4 t/km2水补给了地下水和湖水,成为湖水的重要补给来源之一.沙山区能够产生有效降水,植被稀少蒸腾量少,沙层入渗率高和沙层受蒸发影响深度很小是该区水分出现正平衡和大气降水能够补给地下水的四个条件,也是导致该沙漠区有众多湖泊发育的主要条件. 相似文献
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Yue Fang Weiming Cheng Yichi Zhang Nan Wang Shangmin Zhao Chenghu Zhou Xi Chen Anming Bao 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(4):415-438
Inland lakes and alpine glaciers are important water resources on the Tibetan Plateau. Understanding their variation is crucial for accurate evaluation and prediction of changes in water supply and for retrieval and analysis of climatic information. Data from previous research on 35 alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau were used to investigate changes in lake water level and area. In terms of temporal changes, the area of the 35 alpine lakes could be divided into five groups: rising, falling-rising, rising-falling, fluctuating, and falling. In terms of spatial changes, the area of alpine lakes in the Himalayan Mountains, the Karakoram Mountains, and the Qaidam Basin tended to decrease; the area of lakes in the Naqu region and the Kunlun Mountains increased; and the area of lakes in the Hoh Xil region and Qilian Mountains fluctuated. Changes in lake water level and area were correlated with regional changes in climate. Reasons for changes in these lakes on the Tibetan Plateau were analyzed, including precipitation and evaporation from meteorological data, glacier meltwater from the Chinese glacier inventories. Several key problems, e.g. challenges of monitoring water balance, limitations to glacial area detection, uncertainties in detecting lake water-level variations and variable region boundaries of lake change types on the Tibetan Plateau were discussed. This research has most indicative significance to regional climate change. 相似文献
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On the basis of analyzing long-term field data, we investigated the vertical thermal structure of 66 lakes of the North-West of Russia during the freeze-up period. The largest variability in thermal structure is characteristic for low-drainage shallow water bodies. Detailed data were obtained at self-contained buoy stations located in a small Lake Vendyurskoe (southern Karelia) were used to identify water temperature changes at the depths for a winter season as well as making assessments of het flows at the water–bottom and water–ice interfaces. The interannual water temperature variability at the depths reaches 2°C. The main geographical factors influencing the formation of thermal stratifications in the 66 lakes used in the study during the winter period are their mean depth, area, water residence time and geographical latitude. The largest vertical water temperature gradients are characteristic for the group of the smallest and shallow lakes, in the bottom layers of which the water temperature exceeds the temperature of maximum density, whereas in the deep lakes (more than 15 m) the water temperature is below 4°C. The lowest values of water temperature are observed in large lakes. The water temperature in the upper layer (up to 10 m) of drainage water bodies also decreases to 0–1°C as the result of the removal of heat with the river discharge. According to the thermal stratifications, the lakes are categorized as small (shallow, deep and drainage lakes), medium-sized and large shallow and large deep lakes. The suggested regression model permits a typical water temperature to be assessed at standard depths at the end of a winter season for any water body in the study region using available geographical information. The verification of the model is done from independent data for eight lakes of Finland. 相似文献
20.
Ben J. Kefford 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1998,7(4):285-299
The effect of saline lake water disposal from the Lough Calvert Drainage Scheme on water quality of the Barwon River, in south
west Victoria, Australia, was investigated. The Scheme is used to regulate the levels of several saline lakes outside the
Barwon's catchment. This study found that the disposal of saline lake water was associated with increased total phosphorus,
PO4, TKN, suspended solids, electrical conductivity and stream discharge and lower NOx in the Barwon River. Thus, when disposing
of saline water, factors other than salinity should be considered in order to prevent an impact on the aquatic environment.
At present this is generally not done. The results are discussed with reference to the effects of saline water disposal on
aquatic biota and how the effect of saline lake water disposal on water quality may differ from the disposal of saline groundwater. 相似文献