共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 533 毫秒
1.
合成孔径雷达(SAR)稀疏成像模型中的参数选择对于SAR稀疏成像的性能有重要影响,也是当前SAR稀疏成像研究中的难点问题。已有参数选择方法普遍存在适用于个别模型或者运算量大的缺点。基于最大后验概率估计和贝叶斯推理,提出了一种无需额外先验信息的自适应参数选择方法,所有需要的参数都可从已知的数据中获取。通过推导得到模型参数与信号、噪声方差的关系,避免了对数据进行一系列的训练处理,因此极大地减小了计算量。仿真数据和实测数据处理表明,本文方法在实现了较为精确的参数优化选择的前提下,其计算量远低于贝叶斯信息论准则、L-曲线等已有参数选择方法。 相似文献
2.
在多源数据联合反演同震滑动分布过程中,各类观测数据之间相对权比的确定是当今大地测量与地球物理联合反演领域的研究热点和难点。近年来,赫尔默特方差分量估计法因其可以同时估计虚拟观测数据及实际观测数据之间的比例因子的优势,在联合反演滑动分布领域中得到了广泛应用。然而,利用HVCE法确定多源数据联合反演相对权比过程中易出现负方差现象。针对以上问题,本文提出在HVCE法确定联合反演相对权比过程中添加线性不等式约束,利用带有线性不等式约束的平差模型进行求解（LC-HVCE）,解决计算过程中出现负方差问题。为了验证LC-HVCE法的有效性,开展模拟地震试验,结果表明LC-HVCE法可以有效地解决HVCE法在确定联合反演相对权比过程中存在的不足,保证了同震滑动分布反演精度。蒙特卡洛模拟试验及拉奎拉实际地震反演结果进一步表明了LC-HVCE法在确定正则化参数与相对权比过程中较HVCE法的适用性与稳定性。 相似文献
3.
通用EIV(errors-in-variables)平差模型作为经典平差模型的一般化形式,具有同时顾及多种随机误差的优势. 在通用EIV平差模型加权总体最小二乘(WTLS)的线性化估计基础上,引入正则化准则. 正则化矩阵为单位矩阵时为岭估计,添加目标函数,通过建立拉格朗日目标函数的最小化求解,导出加权通用EIV平差模型对应的岭估计解式,给出了确定岭参数的U曲线法和L曲线法. 计算了通用EIV平差模型的线性化估计、两种岭估计及其对应的方差分量值;验证岭估计对通用EIV模型的线性化估计具有促进性,可减少迭代次数,使得参数方差分量更快趋于平稳,降低参数估计的计算量. 相似文献
4.
在处理边角网平差时,由于测边、测角相互独立,通常只能根据经验按观测类型不同进行验前方差估计,不能准确确定测边、测角观测量的权,影响了控制网的精确度。以高铁铺轨控制网(CPIII)数据处理为例,采用方差分量估计方法对控制网进行了数据处理和精度分析,并与等权处理方法做了比较,对边角网或其它不同类型的复杂控制网数据处理具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
5.
Qingbiao Fan Caijun Xu Lei Yi Yang Liu Yangmao Wen Zhi Yin 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(10):1163-1177
When ill-posed problems are inverted, the regularization process is equivalent to adding constraint equations or prior information from a Bayesian perspective. The veracity of the constraints (or the regularization matrix R) significantly affects the solution, and a smoothness constraint is usually added in seismic slip inversions. In this paper, an adaptive smoothness constraint (ASC) based on the classic Laplacian smoothness constraint (LSC) is proposed. The ASC not only improves the smoothness constraint, but also helps constrain the slip direction. A series of experiments are conducted in which different magnitudes of noise are imposed and different densities of observation are assumed, and the results indicated that the ASC was superior to the LSC. Using the proposed ASC, the Helmert variance component estimation method is highlighted as the best for selecting the regularization parameter compared with other methods, such as generalized cross-validation or the mean squared error criterion method. The ASC may also benefit other ill-posed problems in which a smoothness constraint is required. 相似文献
6.
著名的Helmert方差分量估计公式是基于间接观测平差模型导出的。基于条件观测平差模型导出了方差分量估计公式并给出了实际应用范例,且对两种模型的方差分量估计公式的等价性进行了理论证明。算例表明,文中的估计公式能正确地估计出各类观测值的方差因子。 相似文献
7.
Variance components in errors-in-variables models: estimability,stability and bias analysis 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Although total least squares has been substantially investigated theoretically and widely applied in practical applications, almost nothing has been done to simultaneously address the estimation of parameters and the errors-in-variables (EIV) stochastic model. We prove that the variance components of the EIV stochastic model are not estimable, if the elements of the random coefficient matrix can be classified into two or more groups of data of the same accuracy. This result of inestimability is surprising as it indicates that we have no way of gaining any knowledge on such an EIV stochastic model. We demonstrate that the linear equations for the estimation of variance components could be ill-conditioned, if the variance components are theoretically estimable. Finally, if the variance components are estimable, we derive the biases of their estimates, which could be significantly amplified due to a large condition number. 相似文献
8.
正则化的奇异值分解参数构造法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Tikhonov正则化法引入正则化参数和稳定泛函来改善矩阵的病态性。稳定泛函表示为参数的二范约束时,正则化矩阵为单位阵的正则化法即为岭估计法。通过对岭估计的方差与偏差进行分析可知,岭估计改善矩阵病态性的同时也过度地引入了偏差,降低了解的可靠性,对较大奇异值的修正不能有效地减小估计的方差,却引入了偏差,而对较小奇异值的修正可有效地减小估计的方差。因此,选择较小奇异值特征向量构造正则化矩阵,调节各奇异值的修正,可有效减小参数估计的方差,减少偏差的引入,得到更为可靠的参数估计。通过试验证明了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
9.
回归预测模型是对传统回归模型的进一步扩展,不仅涉及回归模型的固定参数估计,而且将模型预测纳入平差的部分内容,更加符合实际解算需求。针对在回归模型预测中经常出现待预测非公共点(自变量)含有观测误差和随机模型不准确的问题,基于EIV(errors-in-variables)模型提出了一种同时顾及所有变量观测误差的整体解法。同时,将方差-协方差分量估计方法引入回归预测模型解算中,以修正随机模型与待预测非公共点的先验协因数阵,并推导了相关计算公式和迭代算法。算例试验表明,该方法能够有效估计各类观测数据的方差分量,为获取更合理的参数估计与更高的模型预测精度提供了可行手段。另外,通过设计多种对比方案可知,该方法的预测效果较好,尤其是针对观测数据与系数矩阵中随机元素之间存在一定相关性的情况。 相似文献
10.
针对Partial EIV模型的方差分量估计中未考虑参数估值偏差所带来的影响,将Partial EIV模型视为非线性函数得到参数估值的偏差及二阶近似协方差表达式,计算得到偏差改正后的参数估值,结合方差分量估计方法,更新由参数估值影响的矩阵变量,给出了基于偏差改正的方差分量估计迭代方法。试验结果表明,参数估值及其协方差主要受参数估值偏差大小的影响,加入偏差改正能够得到更加合理的参数估值及方差分量估值,偏差改正后的方差分量估值可更加合理地评估参数估值的精度信息。 相似文献
11.
王新洲 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2000,25(4):358-361
导出了非线性模型平差中单位权方差的严密估计公式 ,证明了线性模型平差中单位权方差的估计公式是其特例 ,给出了在实际工作中用近似公式代替严密公式的理论根据 相似文献
12.
Khosro Moghtased-Azar Ramin Tehranchi Ali Reza Amiri-Simkooei 《Journal of Geodesy》2014,88(5):427-439
A typical problem of estimation principles of variance and covariance components is that they do not produce positive variances in general. This caveat is due, in particular, to a variety of reasons: (1) a badly chosen set of initial variance components, namely initial value problem (IVP), (2) low redundancy in functional model, (3) an improper stochastic model, and (4) data’s possibility of containing outliers. Accordingly, a lot of effort has been made in order to design non-negative estimates of variance components. However, the desires on non-negative and unbiased estimation can seldom be met simultaneously. Likewise, in order to search for a practical non-negative estimator, one has to give up the condition on unbiasedness, which implies that the estimator will be biased. On the other hand, unlike the variance components, the covariance components can be negative, so the methods for obtaining non-negative estimates of variance components are not applicable. This study presents an alternative method to non-negative estimation of variance components such that non-negativity of the variance components is automatically supported. The idea is based upon the use of the functions whose range is the set of all positive real numbers, namely positive-valued functions (PVFs), for unknown variance components in stochastic model instead of using variance components themselves. Using the PVF could eliminate the effect of IVP on the estimation process. This concept is reparameterized on the restricted maximum likelihood with no effect on the unbiasedness of the scheme. The numerical results show the successful estimation of non-negativity estimation of variance components (as positive values) as well as covariance components (as negative or positive values). 相似文献
13.
Estimability analysis of variance and covariance components 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Although variance and covariance components have been extensively investigated and a number of elegant formulae to compute
them have been derived, nothing is known, without any ambiguity, about their estimability in the case of a fully unknown variance–covariance
matrix. We prove that variance and covariance components in this case are not estimable, thus clarifying the ambiguity of
the literature on the topic and correcting some erroneous statements in the literature. We also give a new theorem on the
estimability of a linear function of variance and covariance components. Then we propose a new method to estimate the variance–covariance
matrix with special structure, which can presumably be represented by, at most, r(r + 1)/2 independent parameters to guarantee its estimability in such a subspace, by directly implementing the positive definiteness
of the matrix as constraint to the restricted maximum likelihood method, where r is the number of redundant measurements. Therefore, our estimates of the variance and covariance components always reconstruct
a positive definite matrix and are always physically meaningful. 相似文献
14.
方差分量估计理论及其在边角网平差中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张万鹏 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1988,(1)
本文从理论上阐明了MINQE(I,U)(最小范数二次不变无偏估计)方差分量估计出现负方差的原因;论述了存在MINQE(U,NND)估计量的充要条件;对边角网平羞问题而言,MINQE(I,U)估计法不可能同时准确地求出边长误差模型中的m_a~2和m_b~2。文章从边角网误差模型的特点出发,提出了一种新的方差分量估计模型(改进的方差分量估计模型),该模型能合理地确定方向和边长的方差分量,从而较好地解决了边角网平差中的定权问题。 相似文献
15.
基于Voronoi几何划分和EM/MPM算法的多视SAR图像分割 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于区域和统计的SAR分割方法,提出一种结合Voronoi划分技术、最大期望值EM(Expectation Maximization)和最大边缘概率MPM(Maximization of the Posterior Marginal)算法的多视SAR图像分割方法。首先利用Voronoi划分将图像域划分成不同的子区域,而每个子区域可以被看成待分割同质区域的一个组成部分,并假设每个子区域内的像素满足同一独立的Gamma分布,从而建立多视SAR图像模型,并在贝叶斯理论架构下建立图像分割模型,然后结合EM/MPM算法进行图像分割和模型参数估计。该方法将基于像元的马尔可夫随机场(Markov Random Field,MRF)模型扩展到基于区域的MRF模型,并且能同时有效地获取模型参数估计和基于区域的SAR图像最优分割。采用本文算法,分别对RADARSAT-Ⅰ/ⅡSAR强度图像和合成SAR强度图像进行了分割实验,定性和定量的测试结果验证了本文方法的有效性、可靠性和准确性。 相似文献
16.
Tikhonov正则化法是大地测量中应用最为广泛的病态问题解算方法之一。影响正则化法解算效果的重要因素是正则化参数,然而,最优正则化参数的确定一直是正则化解算的难题,如L曲线法确定的正则化参数具有稳定性好、可靠性高的优点,但存在过度平滑问题,导致正则化法对模型参数估值精度改善较小。本文从均方误差角度分析了正则化参数对模型参数估计质量的影响。基于奇异值分解技术,提出了由模型参数投影值分块计算均方误差的方法,避免了均方误差迭代计算,并基于均方误差最小准则给出了正则化参数优化方法,实现了对L曲线正则化参数的优化。数值模拟试验与PolInSAR植被高反演试验结果表明,正则化参数优化方法有效改善了正则化法解算效果,提高了模型参数估计精度。 相似文献
17.
在大地测量联合反演中,方差分量估计法用于确定相对权比时并没有考虑大地测量反演的病态性,利用正则化解代替最小二乘解会引入偏差,会造成方差分量估计不准确问题。针对此提出采用偏差改正方差分量估计方法,以消除正则化解引入偏差的影响,并基于残差的偏差改正方差分量估计与方差分量估计法进行模拟实验。结果表明,进行偏差改正后的方差分量估计法能够较好地反演出滑动分布情况,所提方法针对参数进行偏差改正的方差分量估计考虑了迭代初值引入的偏差,理论更为严密。并将所提方法用于Visso地震和Norcia地震反演中,验证了该方法的可靠性、合理性。 相似文献
18.
Regularization of geopotential determination from satellite data by variance components 总被引：11，自引：18，他引：11
Different types of present or future satellite data have to be combined by applying appropriate weighting for the determination
of the gravity field of the Earth, for instance GPS observations for CHAMP with satellite to satellite tracking for the coming
mission GRACE as well as gradiometer measurements for GOCE. In addition, the estimate of the geopotential has to be smoothed
or regularized because of the inversion problem. It is proposed to solve these two tasks by Bayesian inference on variance
components. The estimates of the variance components are computed by a stochastic estimator of the traces of matrices connected
with the inverse of the matrix of normal equations, thus leading to a new method for determining variance components for large
linear systems. The posterior density function for the variance components, weighting factors and regularization parameters
are given in order to compute the confidence intervals for these quantities. Test computations with simulated gradiometer
observations for GOCE and satellite to satellite tracking for GRACE show the validity of the approach.
Received: 5 June 2001 / Accepted: 28 November 2001 相似文献
19.
G. Fotopoulos 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(1-3):111-123
The well-known statistical tool of variance component estimation (VCE) is implemented in the combined least-squares (LS) adjustment of heterogeneous height data (ellipsoidal, orthometric and geoid), for the purpose of calibrating geoid error models. This general treatment of the stochastic model offers the flexibility of estimating more than one variance and/or covariance component to improve the covariance information. Specifically, the iterative minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (I-MINQUE) and the iterative almost unbiased estimation (I-AUE) schemes are implemented in case studies with observed height data from Switzerland and parts of Canada. The effect of correlation among measurements of the same height type and the role of the systematic effects and datum inconsistencies in the combined adjustment of ellipsoidal, geoid and orthometric heights on the estimated variance components are investigated in detail. Results give valuable insight into the usefulness of the VCE approach for calibrating geoid error models and the challenges encountered when implementing such a scheme in practice. In all cases, the estimated variance component corresponding to the geoid height data was less than or equal to 1, indicating an overall downscaling of the initial covariance (CV) matrix was necessary. It was also shown that overly optimistic CV matrices are obtained when diagonal-only cofactor matrices are implemented in the stochastic model for the observations. Finally, the divergence of the VCE solution and/or the computation of negative variance components provide insight into the selected parametric model effectiveness. 相似文献
20.
针对短基线集形变模型反演中法方程系数矩阵呈病态的问题,提出一种正则化稳健解算方法。该方法基于Tikhonov正则化理论,将形变速率求解问题转化为极小化问题,根据L-曲线法选取正则化参数,考虑最小二乘残差各个分量间的关系选取正则化矩阵,实现短基线集形变模型反演的稳健解算。分别采用LS法、岭估计法和Tikhonov正则化法对覆盖北京地区的29景ENVISAT ASAR数据进行处理,反演出研究区沉降速率图。通过对代表不同沉降情况的21个点的均方误差值和时间相干值、整个研究区的均方误差图等的对比分析,表明本文提出的短基线集形变模型反演的正则化稳健解算方法可获取更可靠的形变监测结果。 相似文献