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1.
地下水化学演化特征研究对受人类干扰严重、生态系统脆弱的干旱地区地下水资源开发具有重要意义。以焉耆盆地开
都河北岸灌区作为研究对象,利用该地区不同时期292组潜水水化学数据,在沉积环境分区基础上研究该地区潜水水化学的时空
演化规律,探讨其原因。结果表明,研究区潜水水化学在时间和空间上存在明显的演化特征,即随着时间的推移,研究区潜水向淡
化方向演化,低矿化度的HCO3 与HCO3-SO4 型水分布范围增加;空间上,各时期潜水水化学组分从开都河上游到下游变化程度
逐渐增大。研究区水化学时空演化特征的形成与其干旱气候密不可分,但半世纪以来人类引水灌溉、农渠排水和地下水开采是导
致潜水水化学演化的主要驱动力。   相似文献   

2.
大同盆地是典型的高氟地下水分布区,其分布规律和成因在类似地区具有代表性。在对盆地地下水水化学特征和空间
变化特征分析的基础上,深入讨论了高氟地下水的空间分布规律、控制因素及其形成的水文地球化学过程。结果表明,整个盆地
浅层孔隙水中的氟质量浓度普遍较高,变化范围为0.29~6.22mg/L,平均值为1.82mg/L。氟质量浓度高值区主要分布于盆地
中部和北部,呈现出由盆地边缘至盆地中心,质量浓度趋向于升高的变化规律。强烈的蒸发浓缩作用以及高pH、高碱度、高钠低
钙含量的水化学特征有利于氟富集。大同盆地高氟地下水的形成是含氟矿物的溶解、离子交换和蒸发浓缩作用等水文地球化学
过程共同作用的结果。   相似文献   

3.
为查明控制大同盆地高氟地下水形成的主要地球化学过程,对大同盆地地下水高氟区31个水样进行了水化学特征及
因子分析研究。结果表明,研究区浅层和深层地下水中均检测出氟,且氟含量高,最大ρ(F)达10.37mg/L。该区高氟地下水以
Na-HCO3 型水为主,具有典型的富Na特征。PHREEQC饱和指数计算结果表明,地下水中萤石为不饱和状态,地下水中ρ(F)主
要受到萤石溶解影响。因子分析研究表明,水-岩相互作用、碳酸盐矿物溶解沉淀及Na-Ca离子交换作用是控制大同盆地地下
水氟富集的主要水化学过程。   相似文献   

4.
为查明大同盆地高砷地下水的分布规律及其主要控制因素,对大同盆地典型高砷区35件地下水样进行了水化学特征
及形态分析研究。结果表明,高砷地下水[ρ(As)≥50μg/L]主要存在于20~50m 的浅层地下水中,总砷质量浓度为0.56~927
μg/L,主要以As(Ⅴ)形态存在。该区高砷地下水以Na-HCO3型水为主,具有明显的高pH值,高HCO- 3 、Fe2+ 、HS- 质量浓度及
低Eh值,低SO24- 质量浓度特征。这可能与微生物催化氧化有机碳的同时还原含铁矿物和硫酸盐的过程有关。PHREEQC模拟
矿物饱和指数结果表明,高砷地下水[ρ(As)≥50μg/L]中菱铁矿均为过饱和,而低砷地下水[ρ(As)<50μg/L]中均不饱和,且菱
铁矿饱和指数与地下水中总砷质量浓度呈显著正相关性,该现象表明微生物还原含铁矿物生成FeCO3(菱铁矿)的过程可能是控
制本区地下水中砷富集的主要因素。   相似文献   

5.
江汉平原高砷地下水的发现引起了广泛的关注,通过对该区高砷地下水监测场39个地下水样品的分析,揭示了高砷地
下水的水化学特征。同时,结合沉积物砷含量分析和高砷地下水的垂向分布特征,探讨了地下水中砷富集的影响因素。结果表
明,地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca·Mg型,pH 值为中性偏弱碱性,Fe、Mn质量浓度很高。25m深度的监测井水中砷质量
浓度最高,对应的沉积物中总砷质量浓度也较高。井水中浓烈的H2S气味,偏负的氧化还原电位,高质量浓度的NH4-N、溶解有
机碳(DOC)、HCO- 3 、S2- 与低质量浓度的NO- 3 、SO24- 均指示该区为典型的富含有机质的还原性地下水环境。该条件下沉积物
中有机物质的生物降解作用和铁锰氧化物、铁锰氢氧化物的还原是江汉平原高砷地下水形成的主要原因。   相似文献   

6.
为查明高店子幅地表水和地下水的水化学特征及水环境质量现状，为区域水资源保护与开发提供理论依 据，运用数理统计分析、模糊综合评价和灌溉水水质评价方法对研究区地表水和地下水进行了分析与评价。研究 结果表明:研究区地表水水化学组分波动较大，地下水水化学组分相对较为稳定。地表水水化学类型主要为重碳 酸硫酸－钙镁型水和重碳酸－钙镁型水；地下水水化学类型主要为重碳酸－钙镁型水和重碳酸硫酸－钠 钙 镁 型 水。研究区地表水和地下水水力联系密切，水中主要离子组分来自于盐岩、石膏和碳酸盐的风化溶滤，另 外 还 存 在阳离子交换作用、蒸发浓缩作用和人类活动的共同影响。饮用水水质评价表明，５４．５％的地表水和７１．４％的地 下水适于饮用或基本适于饮用，地下水水质稍好于地表水水质；灌溉水水质评价表明，研究区地表水和地下水均 适于灌溉，合理灌溉不会造成盐害和碱害。   相似文献   

7.
在矿区长期疏干条件下,不仅地下水流场发生了重大改变,地下水的温度场也发生了明显变化,仔细研究这种地下水的
温度变化特征可以深化矿区水文地质条件及其变化的认识。在利用福建马坑铁矿长期监测的地下水温度数据的基础上,分析了
疏干条件下地下水温度场的平面分布以及变化特征,探讨了影响地下水温度平面分布以及动态变化的因素。结果表明,矿区地下
水的运动特征决定了矿区地下水温度的平面分布呈现西高东低的整体趋势,以及南侧南西高北东低,北侧北西高南东低的局部趋
势,受地下水循环深度的影响,副井附近出现高温异常;由于矿区接受温度较低的补给水源逐渐增大,近几年来矿区地下水温呈现
整体下降的趋势,且下降速率逐年增大,反映了矿区地下水的补给还在逐渐增加。   相似文献   

8.
高氟地下水是一种典型劣质水源,长期饮用可致人体患地方性高氟病。本次研究以禹城—平原地区为研究对象,对区内地下水进行氟含量、水化学类型和氟离子的影响因子等研究。结果表明,浅层地下水氟离子含量大部分不超过1.0mg/L,其水化学类型主要有HCO3-Na和Cl·SO4-Na型,深层地下水氟离子含量大部分均超过1.0mg/L,其水化学类型为HCO3·SO4-Na和HCO3·Cl-Na型。通过对pH和地下水水化学演化因素的研究,认为碱性环境一定程度能够促使氟离子聚集,但并不是唯一决定因子,高氟水的形成机制主要是水-岩相互作用和蒸发浓缩作用。  相似文献   

9.
金屋塘5个钻井地下水均为花岗岩裂隙水,水化学类型HCO_3-Na·Ca型水,水质清澈,口感好,水温20-25℃,平均流量1.305L/S,偏硅酸含量53.4-63.91mg/L,PH值7.18-7.40,矿化度90.0-143.0mg/L,且含Sr、Li、I、Br、Zn等多种对人体有益元素,附近居民长期饮用,部分适宜作饮用天然矿泉水的开发。  相似文献   

10.
选择某厂电镀车间作为研究区域,采集土壤、地下水、底泥和地表水样品,对样品的pH 值、铬、锌、砷、镉、铜、镍、铅和氰
化物含量进行了测试,分析了污染物在该区域内的分布特征。结果表明,研究区域土壤主要受到铬、锌、氰化物污染,43%采样点
土壤中锌浓度超出土壤环境质量标准三级标准,29%采样点土壤中总铬浓度超出三级标准。55%的采样点地下水受到锌和六价
铬污染。电镀车间污水排放口处土壤和地下水样品中均检测到一定浓度的氰化物。电镀车间架空区域下池塘1底泥和附近池塘
3底泥及地表水已经受到铬和锌污染。区域内污水池和污泥池铬、锌浓度则严重超标。元素污染物锌、铬和氰化物分别来源于电
镀液、电镀后铬酸盐钝化处理及前期采用的氰化物电镀工艺。在分析目前重金属元素污染场地修复技术基础上,建议研究区域采
用植物修复技术进行治理。   相似文献   

11.
The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.  相似文献   

12.
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13.
贺兰山小松山岩体的岩石地球化学研究表明，基性岩的Mg^#为0．71～0．76，接近原生岩浆的值，超基性岩的Mg^#为0．80～0．89，具有岩浆早期堆晶的特征，稀土总量∑REE为（13．03～82．66）&#215;10^-6；δ（Eu）为1．08～1．61，具弱正异常；（La／Yb）N为2．49～5．24，（Ce／Yb）N为3．01～4．97，配分曲线表现为轻稀土相对富集的右倾型。微量元素配分曲线图表现为大离子亲石元素富集。岩石地球化学数据综合分析证明，该岩体产于板内拉张环境，岩体形成过程中经历了岩浆分离结晶作用，后期发生了同化混染，岩体具有寻找铬-铜-镍型岩浆矿床的潜力。  相似文献   

14.
The age, growth and maturation of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis were determined with statolith data collected with a light purse seine from the Bashi Channel of central Pacific Ocean. The estimated longevity of the squid was no more than 6 months for females, and no more than 5 months for males. Growth in mantle length(ML) was best described by logistic models for both females and males, while growth in body weight(BW) was best fitted by power curves. The maximum absolute growth rate(AGR) and instantaneous growth rate(IGR) in ML or BW both occurred at 91–105 days for females and 76–90 days for males. Back calculated hatching dates were from October to January, with a peak in December, although the short duration of sampling date might have had an influence on the result. The lower percentage of mature females(37.2%) suggested that the study area during the sampling date was not a spawning ground for the species. Size and age at first maturity were 183 mm ML and 136 days for females, whereas they were 156 mm ML and 85 days for males.  相似文献   

15.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is one of the pathogenic vibrios endangering net-cage cultured Pseudosciaena crocea,Fennerpenaeus chinensis, and shellfish in coastal areas of China. Several types of hemolysins produced by Vp have been characterized as major virulence factors.They are thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH),TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) and thermolabile hemolysin (TLH). In this study, we cloned tdh, trh, and tlh genes from the genome DNA of VP by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).We ligated the three genes into prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a (+),and transformed the recombinant plasmids into Es-cherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of recombinant proteins was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalacto-pyranoside (IPTG). The recombinant proteins were expressed in a form of inclusion bodies and thus purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Western blotting results showed that recombinant proteins,TDH, TRH and TLH, could be recognized by rabbit anti-VP serum. The three purified proteins were renatured by gradient dialysis.The renatured proteins exhibited hemolytic activity except for TLH in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. These results not only are helpful for better understanding these genes’ functions under a single factor level, but also provide evidence for VP vaccine engineering.  相似文献   

16.
PostlarvalPenaeus orientalis kishinouye were simultaneously sampled at three fixed stations near the mouth of the Dagu River estuary in northwestern Jiaozhou Bay, China, at hourly intervals over a 49-h period in mid-June, 1984. The purpose of this sampling was to investigate the prawn’s recruitment into estuaries from coastal areas. The abundance of the postlarvae varied considerably between stations and time, but they tended to concentrate at the surface. Maximum entropy spectral analysis was first applied in the study of prawn recruitment and it revealed that variations in abundance involved a pronounced 12.4 hr cycle. It was concluded that natural tidal cycles had a strong influence on the changes of postlarval abundance, in contrast with the minor effects of diet and other environmental cycles. A tidally varying cross-river gradient of postlarval density was found. During flood tides the postlarvae were more abundant in the axis of the channel than over the banks. The opposite held true during ebb tides. Mechanisms of the postlarval recruitment are discussed in terms of alternating movements of the postlarvae between the banks and the channels in response to tidal cycles. Contribution No. 1485 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica  相似文献   

17.
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18.
Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.  相似文献   

19.
Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.  相似文献   

20.
1IN T R O D U C T IO N With therapiddevelopment of urbanizatio,nurban land was exploitedand utilizetdoform differendtomains be- ing subjectto many potentialpollutionsourcessuch as vehicleemission, industrialactivitieasnd household garbage.Particularl, yur…  相似文献   

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