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Petrology, Origin and Metamorphic History of Proterozoic-aged Granulites of the Natal Metamorphic Province, Southeastern Africa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The geochemistry of the Leisure Bay Formation, Natal Metamorphic Province suggests that its protoliths were greywackes, pelites and arkoses that were deposited in an oceanic island arc environment. These rocks contain the mineral assemblage biotite + hypersthene + cordierite (with hercynite inclusions) + garnet + quartz + feldspar. Numerous generations of garnet genesis are evident from which a long history of metamorphism can be interpreted. M1 involved syn-D1 high temperature/low pressure metamorphism (4kb and >850oC) and dehydration melting to produce essentially anhydrous assemblages particularly in the vicinity of, and probably related to the intrusion of the Munster Suite sills. The inclusions of hercynite in cordierite and the garnet + quartz symplectites after hypersthene + plagioclase (550oC and 5kb) suggests isobaric cooling after M1. This indicates an anticlockwise P-T loop related to the early intrusion of subduction related calc-alkaline magmatic rocks. M2 involved syn-D2 dehydration melting of hydrous assemblages possibly related to the emplacement of many A-type rapakivi charnockite granitoids, which provided heat and loading. The D2 tectonism post-dated all lithologies in the region, except for syn- to late-D2 granitoid plutons, and is interpreted as a transpressional tectonothermal reworking of pre-existing (Proterozoic) crust at 1030Ma. 相似文献
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西藏拉轨岗日核杂岩盖层变质分带特征及其地质意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
藏南拉轨岗日由一系列链状的热穹隆构成, 总体呈东西向延伸, 每一个热穹隆是一个变质核杂岩, 核部发育大量变质岩, 基底与盖层之间发育拆离断层.通过对拉轨岗日变质带及其特征变质矿物进行化学成分分析和温度压力估算, 得出拉轨岗日变质带的分带规律及矿物成分、变质温度、压力、深度的变化规律, 为拉轨岗日变质核杂岩的热活动提供了佐证. 相似文献
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豫西东秦岭造山带低压变质带的变质变形和变质反应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
豫西西峡北部低压变质带受到４次变形改造。低压变质作用主要发生在Ｄ１和Ｄ２变形间期，形成黑云母－红柱石、石榴石－红柱石、十字石－红柱石和堇青石－红柱石４个递增变质带。由矿物变质反应识别出堇青石－红柱石带ｐ－Ｔ趋势具有减压增温特点，这一演化特征可能反映变质作用具有地壳拉张的地球动力学特点。 相似文献
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闽北麻源群变质流体对变质反应温度缓冲作用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
闽北麻源群在空间上表现为巴罗式递增变质带：绿泥石带→黑云母带→石榴石带→十字石带→蓝晶石带→夕线石带。变质温度计算结果表明，区内蓝晶石带变质温度（４７０℃～５００℃）明显低于石榴石带和十字石带变质温度（５００℃～５５０℃），即蓝晶石带在石榴石带和十字石带之前出现。这显然与传统的递增变质带理论相悖。流体组成化学平衡计算和变质反应热力学分析研究表明，蓝晶石带较低的变质温度并非是压力或退化变质作用所致，而是低ＸＨ２Ｏ流体对形成蓝晶石的脱水变质反应温度缓冲的结果，缓冲温度值高达１００℃～２００℃。本文从热力学理论上解释了缓冲作用的机制并估算了缓冲的温度范围，据此讨论了变质流体在变质相带研究方面的重要意义。 相似文献
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A new, detailed tectonic model is presented for the Acadianorogenic belt of central New England (Vermont and New Hampshire)that accounts for a wide range of petrological and structuralobservations. Three belts are considered: the Eastern Vermont,Merrimack, and intervening Bronson Hill belts. Specific observationsin eastern Vermont that are accounted for in the model includethe following. P–T paths are clockwise with maximum pressuresnear the Athens, Chester, and Strafford domes of 8–11kbar, but with maximum pressures decreasing to 3–5 kbarat the boundary with the Bronson Hill belt. Differential exhumationof the Vermont domes relative to the rocks in easternmost Vermontis required by the recorded differences in maximum pressure(5–6 kbar; 15–20 km) and the present-day geographicalseparation (7–10 km). Specific observations in New Hampshirethat are explained include the following. P–T paths inthe Merrimack belt are counter-clockwise with maximum pressuresof 4–5 kbar and are related to high regional heat flowand heat transfer by early Acadian plutons. P–T pathsin the Bronson Hill belt are intimately associated with structuralposition. An early contact metamorphism is evidenced in theSkitchewaug and Fall Mountain nappes near contacts with theearly Acadian Bethlehem gneiss ( 相似文献
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Norman Fry 《Lithos》1982,15(3):183-190
The formation of pressure solution stripes is discussed on the basis of previosly published observations and of local chemical equilibria between solution and solid phases. Chemically driven mineral reactions can be localized at early sites of nucleation and be enhanced by stresses to create patterns of cleavage stripes. These reactions cause transport of material over distances greater than single grains. They provide suitable sites and suitable chemistry for later incongruent pressure solution, potentially a much faster process than congruent pressure solution discussed in previous literature. Neither reaction nor straightforward incongruent pressure solution explains the solution of quartz, commonly observed at cleavage stripes. Quartz pressure solution is explicable on certain assumptions about diffusivities and the effects of stresses. This involves interaction between quartz and the established incongruent solution of other minerals, an overall process termed ‘interdependent pressure solution’. Electrical potential differences will be greatest during early mineral reactions, a feature which may provide a means to corroborate the chemical role in initiating ‘pressure solution stripes’. 相似文献
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Ralph Kretz 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):561-582
Biotite‐muscovite‐garnet gneisses at Einasleigh contain quartz‐feldspar veins composed of the same minerals as found in the enclosing rock. The vein‐gneiss boundaries are commonly irregular and on a microscopic scale, gradational. Certain amphibolite layers contain quartz‐feldspar veins composed of the same minerals as found in the amphibolite. Hornblende‐rich extraction zones surround these veins, and material balance calculations show that all or nearly all of the vein‐forming matter was locally derived. Variation in the abundance of hornblende and plagioclase in the amphibolite as a function of distance from a quartz‐feldspar vein can be expressed by error‐function curves, thus suggesting that the mineral‐segregation process was diffusion‐controlled. During the mineral rearrangement, the Na and Ca contents of plagioclase have evidently remained unchanged, but the vein hornblende has become slightly richer in Fe+3, Mg, and Ca, and poorer in Si and Al relative to hornblende in the adjacent amphibolite. A certain biotite‐plagioclase rock forms layers and boudins in the gneisses and contains pegmatite veins composed of the same minerals as found in the host rock. The plagioclase in these veins is more sodic than that in the host rock while the biotite contains slightly more Ti and Fe+2 and less Si and Mg than the biotite of the enclosing rock. The data indicate that significant portions of the vein‐forming matter at Einasleigh were locally derived. The chemistry of some minerals has changed slightly during the segregation process, resulting possibly from different diffusion rates for the different mineral‐forming constituents. 相似文献
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In the Avnik area of the Bingöl massif the Lower Unit consists of basic to felsic metavolcanics (ca. 450 Ma), intruded by granitoids (ca. 350 Ma). These are unconformably overlain by an Upper Unit of micaschists and Permian marbles; both units have been deformed and metamorphosed in Alpine time. The metavolcanics and granitoids are extensively feldspathized and silicified. The granitoids, and basic-intermediate volcanics, are albitized, while felsic volcanics are K-feldspathized. Metasomatism has severely modified K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios, but not REE patterns, and is inferred to have occurred at relatively low T. Nametasomatism of the Upper Unit micaschists has produced albite porphyroblasts. Metasomatism postdates formation of the Upper Unit sediments, and is probably related to reaction with sea water that infiltrated the basement of volcanics and granitoids during deposition of these sediments. Rb-Sr whole-rock dating of extensively feldspathized intermediate-felsic metavolcanics gives an age of ca. 90 Ma, which suggests that the most extensive reaction coincided with expulsion of the trapped sea water during the early stages of the Alpine orogeny. The distribution of albitization vs. K-felds-pathization suggests that the type of metasomatism was controlled on a local scale by permeability and grain size, rather than by T variations. 相似文献
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M. Yuhara T. Miyazaki J. Ishioka S. Suzuki H. Kagami N. Tsuchiya 《Gondwana Research》2002,5(4):771-779
Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic studies were carried out for metamorphic rocks in the Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex, South Africa. The metamorphic rocks give the Rb-Sr mineral isochron ages (whole-rock - biotite - felsic fractions) of 844±85 Ma and 811.6±6.6 Ma for the lower granulite zone and of 776.5±5.4 Ma for the upper granulite zone. The rocks yield the Sm-Nd mineral isochron ages of 1071±18 Ma (whole-rock - garnet - felsic fractions) and 1067±158 Ma (whole-rock - hornblende - biotite rich fraction - felsic fractions) for the lower granulite zone and of 1052.0±3.6 Ma and 1002.5±1.4 Ma (whole-rock - garnet - felsic fractions) for the upper granulite zone. These age data suggest that the granulite facies metamorphism took place at 1060-1000 Ma, and that the rocks cooled down at 850-780 Ma. The Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of metamorphic rocks are different between the lower and upper granulite zones. 相似文献
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在苏北超高压变质带以南存在一条与之平行的高压变质带。带内由东南向西北可进一步划分出蓝闪石-黑硬绿泥石带,石榴石-绿帘石带和蓝晶石-黄玉带三个变质亚带。从蓝门石-黑硬绿泥石带到蓝晶石-黄玉带变质温压逐渐升高,其峰期地热梯度为15±3℃/km,属于高压变质相系。北侧超高压变质带的典型矿物组合是石榴石+绿辉石+柯石英+金红石,地热梯度为9±2℃/km。高压变质带峰期变质与北侧超高压带峰期变质的地热梯度明显不同,而与超高压变质体的退变质地热梯度相吻合。结合同位素年代学资料,本文指出本区的高压变质作用与北侧的超高压变质作用不是同时发生,而是与超高压变质体的退变质作用同时发生于中生代的印支期。含柯石英榴辉岩的超高压峰期变质早于印支期,并经两次抬升出露于地表。 相似文献
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变质核杂岩的定义、类型及构造背景 总被引：20，自引：6，他引：20
伸展变质核杂岩（mcc）的基本特征包括：（1）缓倾至中等倾角的具有大规模位移的（几十千米）区域信至准区域性延伸的主拆离断层；（2）与断层相关的糜棱片和片麻岩下盘（包括可能出露更深层次的非糜棱化结晶岩）；（3）上盘上地壳基底岩和／或表壳岩层。关键的一点是，所有为质核杂岩是沿地壳深部（大于10－15km）大型拆离断层大规模地壳伸展和地壳切除（缺失）的产物。我们认为，地壳剖面无大规模缺失的以基底为核的穹隆状杂岩不是一般构造定义上公认的变质核杂岩。变质核杂岩形成于同缩短期和缩短期的多种构造环境中。由于前期或同期或缩短的作用，变质杂岩似乎都发育在地壳强烈增厚的区域。绝大多数（但显然并非全部）变质核杂岩都与岩浆作用有密切的时空关系。变质核杂岩起控制作用的拆离断一般生根于中地壳或直接位于石英变为晶质塑性的韧脆性转化带下的深处，但有些拆了断层切穿大部或整个地壳。大多数为质核杂岩总体上具有不对称或简单剪切的构造几何特征，但有些变质核杂岩呈现较为对称的边界拆离断层。 相似文献
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变质核杂岩的旋扭成因：滇东南老君山变质核杂岩的构造解析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
通过滇东南老君山变质核杂岩特征及周围构造环境的力学分析及历史分析认为,该变质核杂岩实质上是旋扭构造的砥柱,而旋扭构造又源于文山－麻栗坡断裂的走滑运动,拆离伸展构造晚于旋扭构造。因此提出了变质核杂岩旋扭成因的新看法,并认为越北古陆的形成是由于印度板块与扬子板块的碰撞导致红河断裂和文山－麻栗坡断裂的走滑运动进而引起的旋扭隆升。后期叠加伸展拆离作用。 相似文献
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Kanfenggou UHP Metamorphic Fragment in Eastern Qinling Orogen and Its Relationship to Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP Metamorphic Belts, Central China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
SuoShutian ZhongZengqiu ZhouHanwen YouZhendong 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2003,14(2):95-102
In the Central Orogenic Belt, China, two UHP metamorphic belts are discriminated mainly based on a detailed structural analysis of the Kanfenggou UHP metamorphic fragment exposed in the eastern Qinling orogen, and together with previous regional structural, petrological and geochronological data at the scale of the orogenic domain. The first one corresponds to the South Altun-North QaidamNorth Qinling UHP metarnorphic belt. The other is the Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts. The two UHP metamorphic belts are separated by a series of tectonic slices composed by the Qiniing rock group, Danfeng rock group and Liuling or Foziling rock group etc. respectively, and are different in age of the peak UHP metamorphism and geodynamic implications for continental deep subduction and collision. Regional field and petrological relationships suggest that the Kanfenggou UHP metamorphic fragment that contains a large volume of the coesite- and microdiamond-bearing eclogite lenses is compatible with the structures recognized in the South Altun and North Qaidam UHP metamorphic fragments exposed in the western part of China, thereby forming a large UHP metamorphic belt up to 1000 km long along the orogen strike. This UHP metamorphic belt represents an intercontinental deep subduction and collision belt between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons, occurred during the Paleozoic. On the other hand, the well-constrained Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts occurred mainly during Triassic time (250-220 Ma), and were produced by the intracontinental deep subduction and collision within the Yangtze craton. The Kanfenggou UHP metamorphic fragment does not appear to link with the DabieSulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts along the orogen. There is no reason to assume the two UHP metamorphic belts as a single giant deep subduction and collision zone in the Central Orogenic Belt situated between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons. Therefore, any dynamic model for the orogen must ac-count for the development of UHP metarnorphic rocks belonging to the separate two tectonic belts of different age and tectono-metamorphic history. 相似文献
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M.J. Bickle 《地学学报》1996,8(3):270-276
The seawater 87 Sr/86 Sr curve implies a 50–100 Myr episodicity in weathering rate which requires a corresponding variation in CO2 degassing from the solid earth to the atmosphere. It is proposed that this is caused by orogenesis, which both produces CO2 as a result of metamorphic decarbonation reactions, and consumes extra CO2 as a consequence of erosion-enhanced weathering. Global climate on the geological time-scale is therefore contTolled by the difference between the relatively large and variable orogenic-moderated degassing and weathering CO2 fluxes. 相似文献
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《四川地质学报》2022,(2)
通过对汪家坪岩组的两件黑云斜长变粒岩变质岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究,获得的(206)Pb/(206)Pb/(238)U年龄介于843.3(238)U年龄介于843.3904.9Ma之间,最古老的年龄达1138.46±16.7Ma,表示南米仓山结晶基底在新元古代早期曾发生过强烈的构造-岩浆活动;具有变质锆石特征的样品,获得的年龄数据表明南米仓山地区在新元古代发生过两期变质作用,早期的变质作用峰值年龄约为810.0904.9Ma之间,最古老的年龄达1138.46±16.7Ma,表示南米仓山结晶基底在新元古代早期曾发生过强烈的构造-岩浆活动;具有变质锆石特征的样品,获得的年龄数据表明南米仓山地区在新元古代发生过两期变质作用,早期的变质作用峰值年龄约为810.0900.0Ma,代表着晋宁末期华北大陆板块与扬子板块逐渐对接拼合,古秦岭洋壳迅速向南北两侧俯冲消减事件;晚期变质作用发生在约为550.0900.0Ma,代表着晋宁末期华北大陆板块与扬子板块逐渐对接拼合,古秦岭洋壳迅速向南北两侧俯冲消减事件;晚期变质作用发生在约为550.0760.0Ma,记录了这一阶段的澄江期岩浆热事件引起的接触变质事件。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Metabasalts and metasedimentary rocks of the Devonian Central Metamorphic Belt comprise the lower plate of the east-dipping Trinity thrust system in the Klamath province. An inverted metamorphic gradient is preserved in the Central Metamorphic Belt; metamorphic conditions decrease from amphibolite facies adjacent to the Trinity thrust, through albite-epidote amphibolite facies, to upper greenschist facies at the base of the Central Metamorphic Belt. Mineral chemistry, mineral assemblages and limited geothermometry suggest that peak metamorphic conditions decrease structurally downward from 650 ± 50° C at the Trinity thrust to 500 ± 50° C at the base of the Central Metamorphic Belt, under pressures of 5 ± 3 kbar. Synmetamorphic Ab + Qtz veins, up to 1 m thick, increase in abundance towards the Trinity thrust. Infiltration of H2O-CO2 fluids derived from prograde devolatilization reactions in the Central Metamorphic Belt caused extensive hydration and metasomatism of the Trinity peridotite; the hanging wall block of the Trinity thrust zone. Geological relationships and the preserved inverted metamorphic gradient suggest that the Central Metamorphic Belt formed in an east-dipping Devonian subduction zone in an oceanic environment. The Central Metamorphic Belt appears to represent a discrete slice of accreted oceanic crust several km thick, rather than progressively accreted material. Metamorphic pressures recorded by the Central Metamorphic Belt are intermediate between the ∼2 kbar pressures recorded in dynamothermal aureoles beneath obducted ophiolites and the 7–10 kbar preserved in subduction-related inverted metamorphic gradients. The lack of blueschist facies mineral assemblages in the Central Metamorphic Belt may possibly be explained by an anomalously warm geotherm prior to subduction or early shear heating prior to the arrival of wet rocks at depth. 相似文献
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Investigation of material flow within transpressional orogens must involve integration of structural and metamorphic datasets. To illustrate the problems in documenting flow vectors we present integrated structural-metamorphic datasets from two transpressional systems; the Kaoko Belt in Namibia and the Kalinjala Shear Zone in South Australia. These orogens experienced widely differing metamorphic responses to transpressional deformation. Integration of kinematic and metamorphic datasets from the Kaoko Belt indicate shallow up-plunging extrusion trajectories in the orogen core, and show that the maximum stretching direction pattern matches the inferred flow vectors. High-grade domains (800–840 °C and 7.0–8.0 kb) in the orogen core developed low-angle upward-verging maximum stretching direction trajectories, whereas a low-grade domain (575–600 °C and 5.0–5.5 kb) in the orogen core has downward-verging lineation trajectories. The barometric differential between these high-grade and low-grade domains is entirely consistent with the angle of plunge of maximum stretching directions within the high-grade domains that were extruded obliquely, for the amount of lateral shear estimated for the orogen core. The Kalinjala Shear Zone in South Australia contrasts strongly with the Kaoko Belt. In this example, the high-grade and high-strain shear zone core of the orogen, experienced high-T/high-P metamorphism with low thermal gradients of 21–26 °C/km and steep decompressive P–T paths. The lower-grade external domains experienced lower-T/lower-P metamorphism with high thermal gradients of 35–37 °C/km. Sub-horizontal maximum stretching directions do not match the vertical extrusional flow in the high-grade core that is indicated by the metamorphic data. This comparison shows that in general and on a gross scale, maximum stretching directions do not necessarily correlate with the real flow vectors experienced during orogenesis. In some cases maximum stretching direction recorded by deformation structures is to some degree decoupled from the vertical component of material flow. Consequently, information pertaining to flow is often partitioned into information derived from deformation structures and information derived from the metamorphic record. These two datasets must be used in concert to obtain realistic constraints on first-order material flow trajectories at orogenic scales. The horizontal component of flow is typically best recorded by structural fabrics (maximum stretching direction and sense of shear), whereas the vertical component is typically best recorded by metamorphic information, such as P–T paths, temperature over depth ratio (G) and metamorphic field gradients (i.e. ΔT, ΔP and ΔG) across the orogen. 相似文献