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1.
Deformation of host rocks during growth of a laccolithic intrusion is analyzed using the theory of bending a stack of thin elastic plates. The theoretical model suggests that magma spreading laterally in the form of a sill will eventually gain sufficient leverage on the overlying strata to deflect them upward and form a laccolith. The amount of bending increases as the fourth power of the distance the magma spreads, whereas the overburden resists bending as the third power of its effective thickness. Effective thickness is the thickness of a single layer which has the same resistance to bending as a multilayer of similar length and elastic modulus. The effective thickness of overburden in the Henry Mountains is estimated as between
and
of the actual thickness. The form of bending is similar for Newtonian, pseudoplastic, and Bingham magmas. The magnitude of the bending depends upon the total upward force and its distribution and is not simply related to magma viscosity as has been suggested by several previous investigators.After elastic bending strata should fail over the periphery of an intrusion, the site of maximum bending strain and differential stress predicted by the theory. Field observations described in Part I correlate well with these predictions. Because bending strains are proportional to layer thickness, strata of comparable strength but different thicknesses fail at different stages of laccolith development. This leads to the different cross-sectional forms of laccoliths observed in the field.The effect of host rocks on sill form and growth is analyzed using the elastic solution for an elliptical hole under uniform pressure. The theory suggests that sill thickness increases in proportion to length. The concentration of high stresses near the sill termination should induce permanent deformation and account for the blunt terminations described in Part I. This blunting is most likely to occur in relatively ductile rocks whereas sills simply split brittle rocks and maintain sharp terminations. The driving pressure in sills can be calculated from measurements of length and termination radius of curvature, if the yield strength of the host rocks can be estimated. This driving pressure must be greater than the overburden pressure, but sills apparently do not form or propagate by lifting their overburdens. Instead they propagate by locally deforming the host rock. After spreading over a distance about three times the effective overburden thickness, the overlying layers begin to bend upward significantly. This stage marks the transition from a sill to a laccolithic intrusion. 相似文献
2.
Eugenio Aragón Fernando J.D'Eramo Lucio P.Pinotti Manuel Demartis José María Tubía Roberto F.Weinberg Jorge E.Coniglio 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(3):1211-1218
Finite volumes of magma moving in confinement, store hydraulic potential energy for the generation,control and transmission of power. The Pascal's principle in a hydraulic jack arrangement is used to model the vertical and lateral growth of sills. The small input piston of the hydraulic jack is equivalent to the feeder dike, the upper large expansible piston equivalent to the magmatic chamber and the inertial force of the magma in the dike is the input force. This arrangement is particularly relevant to the case of sills expanding with blunt tips, for which rapid fracture propagation is inhibited. Hydraulic models concur with experimental data that show that lateral expansion of magma into a sill is promoted when the vertical ascent of magma through a feeder dike reaches the bottom contact with an overlying, flat rigid-layer. At this point, the magma is forced to decelerate, triggering a pressure wave through the conduit caused by the continued ascent of magma further down(fluid-hammer effect). This pressure wave can provide overpressure enough to trigger the initial hydraulic lateral expansion of magma into an incipient sill, and still have enough input inertial force left to continue feeding the hydraulic system. The lateral expansion underneath the strong impeding layer, causes an area increase and thus, further hydraulic amplification of the input inertial force on the sides and roof of the incipient sill, triggering further expansion in a self-reinforcing process. Initially, the lateral pressure increase is larger than that in the roof allowing the sill to expand. However, expansion eventually increases the total integrated force on the roof allowing its uplift into either a laccolith, if the roof preserves continuity, or into a piston bounded by a circular set of fractures. Hydraulic models for shallow magmatic chambers, also suggest that laccolith-like intrusions require the existence of a self-supported chamber roof. In contrast, if the roof of magmatic chambers loses the self-supporting capacity, lopoliths and calderas should be expected for more or less dense magmas, respectively, owing to the growing influence of the density contrast between the host rock and the magma. 相似文献
3.
David D. Pollard 《Tectonophysics》1973,19(3):233-269
A two-dimensional mechanical model for sheet intrusions based on the elastic deformation around a pressurized elliptical hole is derived. After evaluating the effects of irregularities in contact shape, possible magma pressure distributions, regional boundary conditions, host rock properties, and interference from adjacent intrusions the model can be applied with confidence to understand many features associated with dike or sill emplacement. Three mechanisms for sheet intrusion propagation are extension fracturing, brittle faulting, and ductile faulting. This deformation is concentrated at the intrusion termination, the site of large principal stress differences and large stress gradients. In both brittle and ductile host rock the magma pressure needs only barely to exceed the regional stress acting normal to the intrusion's length for propagation to occur. Propagation direction is controlled by the regional stress orientation, interference from adjacent intrusions, planar discontinuities, and changes in host rock properties. The classic method of distinguishing dilational from non-dilational intrusions may not work because contacts are not planar or parallel and displacements are not everywhere perpendicular to the intrusion's length. Equations are derived for calculating the magma pressure for intrusions in relatively simple tectonic settings. 相似文献
4.
The Koktokay pegmatite-type rare-metal-bearing ore district in the Altai orogen is famous for both its large scale and its diversity of rare metals. However, the emplacement mechanisms of the ore-bearing pegmatite intrusions in the Koktokay ore district are still unclear. Based on field observations, the emplacement of the ore-bearing pegmatite intrusions falls into two types. The first type is typical of the formation of dykes and sills, whereby they intruded into fan shaped, moderate dipping, joints within plutonic rocks. The second type involves the formation of a punched laccolith that was fed by a pegmatite sill. Magmatic stoping is the main mechanism of the laccolith emplacement. The peripheral faults played an important role in helping the emplacement of the laccolith. The trend of dykes and sills indicate two potential prospecting areas, which are located in the western and northern regions of the Koktokay ore district. 相似文献
5.
GUO Rui ZHANG Gongcheng ZHANG Jinwei ZHAO Xingbin LIU Junbang YUAN Dawei SONG Shuang 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(5):1306-1318
An extensive suite of igneous sills was intruded into the Tertiary sedimentary section of the Jiaojiang sag,East China Sea.This suite has been well imaged offshore through 2D and 3D seismic surveys,showing a close relationship with CO2 content in nearby gas discoveries.A new observational model,which incorporates simple upward propagation,simple horizontal propagation,and transgressive propagation,was proposed to interpret these sill intrusions.In this model,the source magma of the saucer-shaped sills was injected from their lowest points near the center.The transgressive propagation can be interpreted as a combination of the vertical and horizontal propagation.Most shallow sub-volcanic intrusions in the Jiaojiang sag exhibit fingered characteristics,both vertically and horizontally.The vertical fingered propagation produced saucer-shaped sills arranged in the flower style.Along the brims of lower sills could usually be found the upper sills,which are interpreted to have formed simultaneously with or later than the lower feeder sills.In the second type,the chilled paths of the older sills were reutilized by subsequent intrusions.The horizontal fingered propagation formed sheet intrusions that exhibit groove,lobate,tubular,and crevasse splaylike geometry in plan view.In 3D view,the sheet intrusions have still preserved the lower center and higher rim that similar with the sub-rounded saucer-shaped sills.Although fracture propagation may be important,flow inflation was the key mechanism of magma intrusion.Further consideration of the mechanisms underlying sill formation may help explain the fingered characteristics of sill propagation. 相似文献
6.
寄主岩浆硫化物和氧化物矿床的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体对比分析与成矿过程评述 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体是世界上岩浆硫化物(Ni-Cu-PGE)和氧化物(Fe-Ti-V-P)矿床的主要载体.全球主要岩浆硫化物和氧化物矿床均可以产于大火成岩省、克拉通区的裂谷带或伸展环境、褶皱带内的后碰撞伸展环境.寄主岩浆硫化物矿床的岩体规模相差甚大(从6×104km2到＜0.1km2),既有超镁铁质岩石组合也有镁铁质岩石组合,但其原生岩浆主要为拉斑玄武质岩浆.含镍铜的铂族元素矿床主要赋存于规模很大的层状岩体中,而镍铜硫化物矿床主要赋存于小岩体中.寄主钒钛磁铁矿或磁铁矿矿床的岩体主要是以辉长岩为主的层状杂岩体.寄主钛铁矿-磷灰石矿床的岩体均为层状的斜长岩-纹长二长岩-紫苏花岗岩岩体.尽管其岩石组合相差很大,但其原生岩浆均属拉斑玄武质.寄主硫化物矿床的岩体相对富Si、Mg、Cr、Ni,而寄主氧化物矿床的岩体相对富Fe-Ti-P-V,造岩矿物晶体化学也反映了这种差异.对全球主要含矿岩体的对比分析表明,导致这种反差的主要控制因素应该是岩浆生成时的压力状态,源区性质和熔融程度的差异可能只在局部范围内起作用.对岩浆硫化物矿床成矿过程的认识集中体现在金川模式和岩浆通道模式上,对岩浆氧化物矿床成矿过程的认识体现在氧化物和磷灰石是堆晶相还是从不混溶的矿浆中结晶的.对比分析表明,成矿过程具有多样性,试图用一种模式概括所有同类矿床成矿过程的想法未必可取.毫无疑问,适宜的氧化还原环境是形成岩浆矿床的必要务件,伴随岩浆演化及成矿过程的氧速度变化及其诱因问题尚待进一步探索. 相似文献
7.
Deformation structures in the wall rocks of igneous intrusions emplaced at shallow crustal depths preserve an important record of how space was created for magma in the host rocks. Trachyte Mesa, a small Oligocene age intrusion in the Henry Mountains, Utah, is composed of a series of stacked tabular, sheet-like intrusions emplaced at 3–3.5 km depth into sandstone-dominated sedimentary sequences of late Palaeozoic–Mesozoic age. New structural analysis of the spatial distribution, geometry, kinematics and relative timings of deformation structures in the host rocks of the intrusion has enabled the recognition of distinct pre-, syn-, and late-stage-emplacement deformation phases. Our observations suggest a two-stage growth mechanism for individual sheets where radial growth of a thin sheet was followed by vertical inflation. Dip-slip faults formed during vertical inflation; they are restricted to the tips of individual sheets due to strain localisation, with magma preferentially exploiting these faults, initiating sill (sheet) climbing. The order in which sheets are stacked impacts on the intrusion geometry and associated deformation of wall rocks. Our results offer new insights into the incremental intrusion geometries of shallow-level magmatic bodies and the potential impact of their emplacement on surrounding host rocks. 相似文献
8.
9.
由于蕴含着潜在的油气勘探和资源储藏信息,岩床复合体在全球范围内被广泛研究。本文基于南海北部三维地震资料以及南极罗斯海地区二维多道地震资料,对岩床复合体的形态特征及分布进行分析,对两个地区岩床复合体的形成时间进行判断,阐述岩床复合体的侵位机制。研究发现,岩床复合体代表性产状除了菱形、碟形及复合型外,还存在沿着层位平行侵入的板状,推测它可能是夭折了的岩床侵入体,以及由几个小型岩床堆叠而成的透镜状岩床复合体。分布上,南海北部岩床主要发育于珠江口盆地白云凹陷三维工区西部,东部只零星可见;南极西罗斯海岩床主要发育于西北角的阿黛尔盆地内。根据岩床上覆的强制褶皱结合区域构造背景,推测南海北部岩床复合体的形成时间为早中新世(15.5 Ma),海底扩张结束之时。残余岩浆将盆地内裂谷时期形成的断层作为岩浆运移的通道,并最终在断层终点处即下中新统近海相砂泥岩地层中实现侵位。南极西罗斯海岩床复合体的形成时间则非常晚,不早于5.5 Ma。该区这期岩浆活动可能与构造作用无关,而是受到冰川消融的影响。研究发现岩床复合体内部的岩床个体互相供给,即深部的大岩床为上覆浅层的小岩床提供岩浆供给,并且互相组合,形成大的岩床复合体。然而,每个岩床复合体则可能由不同的岩浆供给发育而成。 相似文献
10.
Hornblende gabbro sill complex at Onion Valley,California, and a mixing origin for the Sierra Nevada batholith 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
T. W. Sisson T. L. Grove D. S. Coleman 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1996,126(1-2):81-108
The steep crest of the Sierra Nevada, California, near Onion Valley, exposes natural cross sections through a mafic intrusive
complex that formed as part of the Mesozoic Sierra Nevada batholith. Sheeted sills of hornblende gabbro to hornblende diorite,
individually as thick as 1.5 m, form the upper 200 to 300 m of the complex. Thicker, multiply-injected sills, as well as mafic
stocks, lie underneath at elevations below 3600 m. Lens-shaped cumulate bodies, as thick as 200 m and more than 700 m broad,
lie near the base of the sheeted sill suite. Cumulates are flat-lying, modally layered hornblende gabbro with subsidiary ultramafic
olivine hornblendite, plagioclase hornblendite, and late-mobile hornblende-plagioclase pegmatite. Fine grain size, scarce
phenocrysts and xenocrysts, and quench mineral textures are evidence that hornblende gabbro sills injected in a largely liquid
state and preserve basaltic melt compositions. Most sills reached volatile saturation, as shown by tiny miarolitic cavities
that are also widespread in cumulates. Although some sills chilled directly against others, most chilled against septa, millimeters
to a few centimeters thick, of medium-grained diorite to granodiorite. Mutually crosscutting relations, as well as chilling,
show that the septa were partly molten at the time the sills injected and likely formed the lower portions of an overlying
more silicic magma chamber that has since been removed by erosion. Sill compositions range from evolved high-alumina basalt
to aluminous andesite with major and trace element abundances similar to those of modern arc magmas. Experimental phase equilibria
indicate dissolved water contents near 6 wt% (Sisson and Grove 1993a). The sills show unequivocally that hydrous arc basaltic
magmas reached shallow levels in the crust during formation of the largely granodioritic Sierra Nevada batholith. The basaltic
magmas appear to have been produced from an enriched mantle source with 87Sr/86Sr ∼0.7065, ɛNd ∼−4.3, 206Pb/204Pb ∼18.6, 207Pb/204Pb ∼15.6, 208Pb/204Pb ∼38.6. Although crystal fractionation contributed to forming the sill suite and the associated cumulates, nearly constant
concentrations of Na2O, P2O5, Nb, Zr, and light rare earth elements in the sills indicate that mixing between sill basaltic and more evolved septa magmas
was important for producing sills with andesitic compositions. Average Sierran granodiorite major and trace element concentrations
are readily reproduced by a simple mixture of average basaltic sill from Onion Valley and average Sierran low-silica granite.
This result supports the inference that Sierran granitoids formed chiefly by mixing between crustal and mantle-derived magmas,
although in some cases these crustal melts may have been derived by refusion of earlier mafic intrusions near the base of
the crust. The common mafic inclusions (enclaves) in Sierran granodiorites bear a superficial resemblance to Onion Valley
mafic sills; however, high concentrations of lithophile elements in the inclusions point to extensive chemical exchange between
inclusions and their host magmas. The prevalence of hornblende-rich mafic intrusive rocks at Onion Valley, elsewhere in the
Sierra Nevada, and in other shallow subduction batholiths stems from two effects of high melt water concentrations (∼4–6 wt%
H2O). The hydrous parent basaltic and basaltic andesite magmas had low liquidus temperatures, compared to nearly dry basaltic
melts, and thus were chilled less during ascent through the crust and were more capable of ascent as liquids. More importantly,
their high water concentrations led to low melt densities, higher than granitoid liquids, but comparable to or less dense
than partly solidified granitoid magmas. Thus, the hydrous basaltic and basaltic andesite magmas were neutrally or positively
buoyant and were capable of penetrating and rising through partly crystallized granitoids and their partly molten source regions
to reach upper crustal emplacement levels. Drier basaltic magmas were probably abundant at depth and contributed heat and
mass to granite generation, but were insufficiently buoyant to ascend to shallow levels.
Received: 2 August 1995 / Accepted: 26 June 1996 相似文献
11.
Two types of mafic intrusions have been recognized in the north of the Bafq district, Central Iran. A number of olivine-gabbroic to gabbroic sills intruded the Rizu Formation, comprised of alternating carbonate and volcanic rocks. Mineralogical data show that olivine + pyroxene + brown amphibole (kaersutite) + calcic plagioclase + opaque comprise the olivine-gabbroic rocks, and intermediate (or sodic) plagioclase + altered pyroxene and altered amphibole to biotite + opaque minerals the gabbroic rocks. Both rock types have shown within-plate and alkaline characters and have been presumed to be related to rift formation. The mafic-alkaline magma source of the sills is proposed to have been derived from enriched mantle. Regionally, two Gabbro–Diorite intrusions have been identified in the metamorphic complexes. Mineralogical data suggest that the pyroxene + amphibole (hornblende) + plagioclase + biotite + opaque minerals formed the gabbro to diorite intrusions. These rocks have shown characteristics of calc-alkaline and volcanic arc magmatism. 相似文献
12.
T. J. Ivanic M. T. D. Wingate C. L. Kirkland M. J. Van Kranendonk S. Wyche 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):597-614
Mafic–ultramafic rocks in structurally dismembered layered intrusions comprise approximately 40% by volume of greenstones in the Murchison Domain of the Youanmi Terrane, Yilgarn Craton. Mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Murchison Domain may be divided into five components: (i) the ～2810 Ma Meeline Suite, which includes the large Windimurra Igneous Complex; (ii) the 2800 ± 6 Ma Boodanoo Suite, which includes the Narndee Igneous Complex; (iii) the 2792 ± 5 Ma Little Gap Suite; (iv) the ～2750 Ma Gnanagooragoo Igneous Complex; and (v) the 2735–2710 Ma Yalgowra Suite of layered gabbroic sills. The intrusions are typically layered, tabular bodies of gabbroic rock with ultramafic basal units which, in places, are more than 6 km thick and up to 2500 km2 in areal extent. However, these are minimum dimensions as the intrusions have been dismembered by younger deformation. In the Windimurra and Narndee Igneous Complexes, discordant features and geochemical fractionation trends indicate multiple pulses of magma. These pulses produced several megacyclic units, each ～200 m thick. The suites are anhydrous except for the Boodanoo Suite, which contains a large volume of hornblende gabbro. They also host significant vanadium mineralisation, and at least minor Ni–Cu–PGE mineralisation. Collectively, the areal distribution, thickness and volume of mafic–ultramafic magma in these complexes is similar to that in the 2.06 Ga Bushveld Igneous Complex, and represents a major addition of mantle-derived magma to Murchison Domain crust over a 100 Ma period. All suites are demonstrably contemporaneous with packages of high-Mg tholeiitic lavas and/or felsic volcanic rocks in greenstone belts. The distribution, ages and compositions of the earlier mafic–ultramafic rocks are most consistent with genesis in a mantle plume setting. 相似文献
13.
The layered intrusions in the Panzhihua-Xichang area may be grouped into two types: basic rock masses represented by the Panzhihua
rockbody and basic-ultrabasic rock masses represented by the Hongge rockbody. Their major difference lies in that the former
has poorly developed ultramafic facies, while the latter is characterized by well developed mafic facies and ultramafic facies.
There exists apparent rhythmic stratification in the rock masses, which can be basically divided into four grades in terms
of superimposition relationship and multicycle characters.
Both direct and indirect evidence suggest that the magma responsible for the layered intrusions in this area should be a transition-type
alkaline olivine basalt magma derived directly from partial melting of the upper mantle. In rhythmic cycles of various grades,
the magmatic evolution is characterized obviously by periodicity and early enrichment of Fe and Ti, which is evidently different
from the evolution of the Skaergaard magma in which Fe and Ti are enriched at the late stage. The FCA diagram can be used
to describe the unique evolutionary trend of magma in this area. It is demonstrated in this diagram that the enrichment of
Fe and Ti is consistent with the increase of basicity.
In the upper magmatic chamber, the evolutionary trend of magma is conditioned by the difference in pressure, and this enables
magma to form different types of rock assemblage. In the Fo-Di-An system, when the pressure exceeds 5 x 188 Pa, forsterite is incompatible with anorthite, and the rock facies sequence of Hongge type might form; when the pressure
is lower than 5 x 108 Pa, forsterite can coexist with anorthite, and the rock facies sequence of Panzhihua type is likely to form if the magma
is relatively rich in Mg and Fe components. 相似文献
14.
塔里木盆地库鲁克塔格地区二叠纪末-中三叠世基性岩床的发现及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
新疆塔里木盆地东北缘库鲁克塔格地区的中寒武统莫合尔山组沉积地层中发现三条形成于二叠纪末到中三叠世的基性岩床。三条岩床沿沉积岩层面顺层侵入,按照从下到上的顺序,分别为辉绿岩床(厚3m)、辉长岩床(厚20m)和粗玄岩床(厚2.5m)。三条岩床的地球化学特征相似,稀土含量高(∑REE=210×10-6~297×10-6),轻稀土元素富集((La/Yb)N =13.54~17.96),Eu负异常不明显(δEu=0.97~1.21),Ce稍具正异常(δCe=1.11~1.25)。大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、Sr)富集,Sr具明显正异常; Ta、Nb和Hf具负异常。低氧化度(0.13~0.40)。三条岩床为同源岩浆活动的产物,岩浆源于上地幔或下地壳,但有下陆壳成分混染。三个样品的MgO含量在4%~6%之间,Mg#值在37.6~55.6之间,固结指数SI值位于18.7~29.3之间,反映原始的岩浆经历了比较明显的分异作用。粗玄岩床K-Ar年龄为255.2±7.3Ma,辉绿岩床K-Ar年龄为242.8±5.7Ma,辉长岩床Ar-Ar年龄为229.7±3.7Ma。本次岩浆侵入事件发生在南天山洋闭合之后,构造背景为造山后碰撞伸展环境。 相似文献
15.
The base of an upper Palaeozoic graben‐fill in eastern Canada was affected by mafic dyke intrusions shortly after deposition, resulting in the formation of peperite. Complex magma–sediment interactions occurred as the melts mingled with the wet and poorly consolidated clastic material of this sedimentary basin, which is separated from underlying rocks by the Acadian unconformity (Middle Devonian). As a result of these interactions, the mafic rocks are strongly oxidized, albitized and autobrecciated near and above the unconformity, where blocky juvenile clasts of mafic glass and porphyritic basalt have mingled with molten or fluidized sediments of the upper Palaeozoic Saint‐Jules Formation, forming a peperite zone several metres thick. In contrast to most peperite occurrences, the New‐Carlisle peperites are associated with the tip of dykes rather than with the sides of sills or dykes. We argue that more heat can be concentrated above a dyke than above a sill, as the former provides a more efficient and focused pathway for heated waters to invade the poorly consolidated host sediments. Superheated groundwaters that issued from the sides of the dykes appear to have promoted melting of carbonate components in calcareous sedimentary rock clasts of the Saint‐Jules Formation, locally generating carbonate melts that contributed to the mingling of juvenile and sedimentary clasts in the peperite. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2001,23(6-7):1141-1150
Emplacement of the Proterozoic Gunnison annular complex, Colorado, involved brittle failure and both subhorizontal sheeting and steeply-dipping dyking. The annular complex consists of a central diorite body (1730 Ma), surrounded by a ring of metamorphosed supracrustal rocks, in turn ringed by tonalite and granodiorite (1721 Ma). The older central diorite was emplaced as sills parallel to bedding, prior to regional deformation of the Gunnison volcanic arc, ∼1730–1710 m.y. ago. This central body was deformed during regional shortening, into an upright bowl with inward-dipping walls. The surrounding country rocks were folded and locally transposed against the central body, forming an arcuate foliation, conforming roughly to the shape of the body. This foliation and bedding acted as mechanical planes of weakness, which localized the syn-deformational emplacement of the outer ring intrusions, as multiple magma sheets parallel to steeply dipping bedding and foliation. Portions of the outer rings were also injected along concentric, inward-dipping, shear fractures generated under high magma pressure, a process similar to cone sheet emplacement in volcanic ring-dyke complexes. Multiple mechanisms were therefore involved in the emplacement of this sheeted annular plutonic complex, which otherwise superficially resembles a subvolcanic ring-dyke complex. 相似文献
17.
位于阿尔泰西南缘的珠万喀腊杂岩体,产于珠万喀腊二叠纪陆相火山岩盆地,侵入地层为下二叠统哈尔加乌组和卡拉岗组,主要由闪长岩相和辉长岩相组成,二者呈侵入接触关系。其中闪长岩相存在三个过渡的岩相带:中心相闪长岩,过渡相辉石闪长岩及边缘相蚀变闪长岩。辉长岩相发现辉石岩、蛇纹岩、黄铜-磁黄铁矿化橄榄岩。地球化学特征表明,SiO2含量总体较低,为47.14%～55.90%,为中基性岩石。K2O+NaO变化范围1.27%～6.99%,岩石为碱性岩石系列。稀土元素丰度在131.1×10-6～159.7×10-6之间,属富集REE。LREE/HREE比值为2.87～3.52,属轻稀土富集型。微量元素总体富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE),显示了岛弧岩浆的一些特点,可能是岩浆岩源区保留有早期俯冲的洋壳。EH4测量结果表明杂岩体内存在层状低阻异常带,可能为含矿岩相。岩体下部(距离地表700～800m处)可作为进一步找矿的有利部位。 相似文献
18.
Occurrence and Dispersal of Magmas in the Jurassic Ferrar Large Igneous Province, Antarctica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tholeiitic rocks of the Ferrar Large Igneous Province (FLIP) occur in a linear belt from the Theron Mountains to Horn Bluff in the Transantarctic Mountains and extend into southeastern Australasia. The FLIP was emplaced during the initial stages of Gondwana break-up from a source suggested to be in the proto-Weddell Sea region. Magma transport from its source (Weddell triple junction) was controlled by an Early Jurassic zone of extension. The FLIP comprises the Dufek intrusion, Ferrar Dolerite sills and dykes (sheet intrusions), and extrusive rocks consisting of pyroclastic strata overlain by Kirkpatrick Basalt lavas. The Dufek intrusion occurs in deformed supracrustal rocks of the foldbelt along the paleo-Pacific Gondwana margin. A few sills were emplaced in basement rocks, but the majority of the sheet intrusions occur in flat-lying Devonian to Triassic Beacon strata. Only in the central Transantarctic Mountains (CTM) and south and north Victoria Land (SVL, NVL) are extrusive rocks preserved overlying Beacon strata. The greatest cumulative thicknesses of magmatic rocks (ca. 2 km) occur in areas where lavas are preserved (CTM and SVL). Sheet intrusions have complex relationships. Dyke swarms (sensu stricto) are unknown and dykes cutting basement rocks are uncommon. Nevertheless, these dykes, including a 30-m-wide dyke in SVL, suggest that some magmas locally migrated up through basement rocks. In CTM and NVL the outcrop belt has a width of about 160 km. Sills originally extended farther toward the plate margin but have been cut out by erosion and Cenozoic faulting, most clearly in CTM; geophysical data suggest extension under the East Antarctic ice sheet for at least 100 km. Although Early Jurassic extension is documented in CTM, major rift-bounding faults have not been observed. Models for magma emplacement include transport along the axis of the Transantarctic Mountains and off-axis transport from major rift-bounding faults. Contrasts in geochemistry between lavas of NVL (MgO=67%) and CTM (MgO=24%) and the presence of massive dolerite bodies (CTM, SVL) suggest discrete episodes and locations of magma emplacement, and that there was no long range interconnection along the mountain range in supracrustal rocks. 相似文献
19.
西准噶尔托里县阿达依金矿所在的布尔克斯台岩体主要由寄主岩石、闪长质微细粒包体和中性岩墙组成。为判别岩浆的化学混合及岩浆混合作用与金、铜成矿作用的关系,对布尔克斯台岩体地球化学成分的相关度和寄主岩石的金、铜含矿性进行了研究。寄主岩石、闪长质微细粒包体和中性岩墙的稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图形态相似,在岩石硅酸盐成分哈克图解、同分母氧化物比值相关图解、微量元素相关图解和同分母比值相关图解上均呈现直线状趋势,表明岩浆混合作用过程中发生了显著的元素迁移和成分交换。寄主岩石金、铜含量均较高且分布规律相似,在闪长质微细粒包体相对富集区域异常强烈,表明以闪长质微细粒包体为代表的幔源基性端员可能为阿达依金矿的形成提供了金、铜成矿物质来源。布尔克斯台岩体壳幔岩浆混合作用与金、铜成矿作用的相关关系,表明幔源的基性端员对成矿作用的贡献可能是达尔布特构造-岩浆带金、铜富集的主要原因之一。 相似文献
20.
新疆百口泉闪长岩中高An值斜长石的成因及岩石学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩浆成因的高An值斜长石(An80~100)是玄武质岩浆早期结晶的产物,由于其形成条件较为苛刻,它对于限定寄主岩浆条件和探讨岩石成因有重要的指示作用。在新疆西准噶尔百口泉地区发育含高An值斜长石(An80~90)的闪长岩,高An值斜长石呈不规则包裹体形式存在于闪长岩主体斜长石中(An40~60)。锆石SHRIMP定年显示百口泉闪长岩形成于316.9±2.9Ma(MSWD=1.5),闪长岩主、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素与区域内同时期岩浆作用产物具有相似的演化趋势。根据闪长岩岩石学特征,结合高An值斜长石的实验研究成果,本文认为百口泉闪长岩中的高An值斜长石不是捕虏晶,也不是闪长岩的结晶产物,而是与闪长岩成岩过程相关的循环晶。依据角闪石铝压力计的估算,闪长岩结晶于1.2~2.9kbar,与实验条件下获得的高An值斜长石产出的压力范围相符。高An值斜长石的产出表明原始岩浆具有富水、亏损的特征,对于探讨整个岩浆系统的演化过程有重要指示意义。 相似文献