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1.
溜砂坡动力学特性实验及防治 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
溜砂坡是川藏公路中段较为严重的一种山地灾害。本文在自组织临界性理论的概念框架下，通过干燥沙石散粒体临界态单面坡沙堆实验，对溜砂坡的坍滑动力学特性进行了探索。实验发现，颗粒均匀的沙坡出现正态分布的、准周期的大规模“雪崩”，而颗粒非均匀的沙坡的坍滑重量表现为难以界分的、多样化的负幂率分布，大规模坍滑的绝对规模较小，呈现自组织临界行为。基于自组织临界性系统具有的普适性，提出了溜砂坡“频率一规模”关系等灾害演化的初步规律。溜砂坡坡顶来沙和坡脚制约作用削弱，是造成坍滑发展的主要原因。针对坍滑的“牵引式”形式和实际工程条件，设计了一种能稳定溜砂坡坡脚、对基础条件要求低的新型支挡防护结构。 相似文献
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已有研究结果表明,强度相对较低的软弱夹层会对地震波产生吸收或强化作用,在一定程度上控制了斜坡的地震动力响应及变形破坏特征。试验以振动台为研究手段,设计并完成含不同厚度水平软弱夹层的两个单面斜坡概念模型。通过记录斜坡模型的变形破坏过程,分析其动力响应特征。试验结果表明,斜坡模型的变形破坏与地震动力参数密切相关:1.模型在正弦波激振下较天然波变形明显;2.合成向ZX、水平单向X和竖直单向Z的激振下,变形程度依次减弱;3.随着激振强度增加,变形破坏愈明显。两模型的变形破坏均出现在坡体中上部,且最大破坏深度距坡顶约50 cm。含薄夹层斜坡的破坏范围分布于整个中上部,坡顶近1/2发生变形和滑移破坏,呈现出"拉裂-剪切-滑移-碎屑流化"破坏模式,而含厚夹层斜坡的破坏范围仅集中于软弱夹层以上坡肩以下,两侧未达坡体边缘的局部范围,形成浅表的"凹岩腔",呈现出"震裂-剥落"破坏模式。在相同的加载条件下,含薄夹层斜坡变形破坏先于含厚夹层斜坡。试验模拟再现了含水平软弱夹层斜坡在强震作用下的变形破坏规律,为地震诱发次生地质灾害的研究和防治提供了有力的依据。 相似文献
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植被发育斜坡非饱和带土体中共同存在基质孔隙和大孔隙。为研究强降雨条件下植被发育斜坡非饱和带土体中水流路径分布模式及水流运动过程。在云南螳螂川流域的马卡山开展碘-淀粉显色示踪试验,基于顺坡方向的垂直染色剖面,采用经典K均值聚类算法和一般统计法研究水流路径分布特征。结果表明:1.水流路径分布是非均匀的,顺坡方向的异质性比垂直方向显著,湿润前锋面不是平面,降雨入渗不是活塞式,Darcy定律和Richards方程等均匀多孔介质水流理论不能完整地描述强降雨条件下植被发育斜坡非饱和带土体的水流运动过程;2.随着非饱和带土体深度增加,水流从基质流渐变到优先流与基质流的过渡流,深部土体以优先流为主;3.应该从三维流场方面对植被发育斜坡非饱和带土体中的水流运动过程进行精细描述。 相似文献
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在“浅层黄土滑坡易发性评价：以晋西黄土区蔡家川农地小流域为例”一文中,采用SHALSTAB模型评价降雨引起的黄土斜坡浅层滑移稳定性。该模型是将降雨引起的斜坡水文模型和无限边坡稳定性评价模型结合,便于在MAPGIS中提取地形要素,进行区域性斜坡稳定性评价。模型假定基岩与松散层界面是滑动面,降雨在松散层中形成地下水,并平行基岩面向坡下流动,且为稳定流,排泄量与其上游汇水区的降雨量均衡。可以看出,SHALSTAB模型不适用于黄土斜坡。黄土为厚层非饱和土,斜坡中不存在类似于基岩面的隔水界面,也不会形成平行坡面的地下水流。降雨主要是向下入渗在黄土中形成一个湿润带,湿润带中的水不是潜水,而是毛细悬挂水,其中的孔隙水压力为接近0的一个负值,不存在SHALSTAB模型中的正孔隙水压力,因此在选用模型时,必须仔细甄别其适用条件。 相似文献
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植被发育斜坡土体大孔隙分布特征的染色示踪法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《山地学报》2015,(1)
植被发育斜坡土体中广泛存在由各种大孔隙组成的大孔隙网络系统,其分布特征影响斜坡水文行为和孔隙水压力场,对斜坡稳定性有重要影响。运用亚甲基蓝溶液分别在木本植被群落斜坡和草本植被群落斜坡土体进行染色示踪渗透试验。通过对垂直剖面大孔隙分布模式的分析和对整个试验区大孔隙的深度分布的统计分析,研究大孔隙分布的非均匀特征。研究结果表明:1.大孔隙在垂直方向和横坡方向上的分布都表现出非均匀性,顺坡方向表现出明显的变异性;2.大孔隙分布表现出显著的各向异性特征,横坡方向的非均匀性比顺坡方向的非均匀性显著;3.草本植被群落斜坡土体大孔隙分布的非均匀性和变异性比木本植被群落斜坡显著;4.在100 cm×100cm的尺度下研究大孔隙分布特征是合理的。 相似文献
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地质灾害的形成与其所处的地形地貌、地质构造、地层岩性及岩土体类型、降雨以及人类工程活动等地质环境密切相关。地形地貌控制着山体斜坡的临空条件,通常情况下斜坡坡高越大、坡度越陡,地质灾害越发育;地层岩性及岩土体类型的差异是影响斜坡稳定性重要因素之一,不同地层岩性和岩土体类型,常见的地质灾害类型也有所不同;斜坡地段地质构造的发育情况以及区域新构造运动对斜坡(特别是岩质斜坡)稳定性也具有一定的影响;降雨入渗增加了岩土体的自重,降低了岩土体的内聚力和内摩擦角,为地质灾害的主要诱发因素;人类工程活动产生了大量临空面,为地质灾害的发生提供空间。 相似文献
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在收集广东省佛山市南海区西樵山一带已有地质环境、地质灾害调查、勘查与评价,以及气象、水文等资料的基础上,通过野外调查和测试试验等方法,全面查明西樵山泥石流的发育分布规律、形成条件、诱发因素,从泥石流的水源特征、物源条件和地形环境,系统研究西樵山泥石流的基本特征和形成原因。研究结果表明:强热带风暴"派比安"诱发形成的西樵山北侧山体斜坡一带的大量崩塌、滑坡及斜坡浅层松动土体是直接构成泥石流的固体物质来源;西樵山北侧山体斜坡中、下部地段沟谷地形高陡,为泥石流的运移提供了理想的地形地貌环境;2006-08-04西樵山一带发生的近50年来24小时最大降雨量(298mm)所引发的山洪,为西樵山泥石流活动提供了良好的水源环境。在此基础上,依据西樵山泥石流灾害的形成环境和危害状态,采取固坡、治沟、排水、清淤、排导、拦挡和恢复植被等综合措施治理泥石流灾害,西樵山泥石流治理工程的实施成效显著。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1984,36(1):106-142
Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1984,36(2):250-283
Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock. 相似文献
13.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):85-89
Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS) 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1983,35(2):230-260
Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford . 相似文献
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Raanan Katzir 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(6):0767-0768
Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1987,39(1):94-129
Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1987,39(1):85-94
Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS) 相似文献
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