共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 252 毫秒
1.
小行星与彗星—近地小行星,主带小行星和彗星之间相互关系探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汪琦 《紫金山天文台台刊》1992,11(2):75-84
小行星和彗星都是太阳系中的小天体,而近地小行星又是小行星中特殊的一类。近年来对近地小行星的观测和研究已全面开展,这已成为当今太阳系研究的前沿领域之一。本文初步探讨太阳系中不同小天体之间的关系:1.小行星与短周期彗星之间的关系;2.近地小行星与主带小行星和短周期彗星之间的关系。最近的观测研究表明某些小行星可能是由彗星演变来的,而某些近地小行星可能来源于主带小行星和死亡的彗核。 相似文献
2.
对中国古代彗星记录的研究状况进行了全面论述,讨论了古代彗星名称、记录和轨道的确定,以事实说明,据这些彗星记录不可能得垤精确的轨道;回顾了古代彗星证认的历史发展,着重分析进行短周期彗得证认时可能出现的问题和解决方法;总结了古代彗星证认的意义：一是有助于短周期彗星长期演化的研究,二是有助于历史年代的确定。 相似文献
3.
彗星是太阳系遗留的原始星子,研究彗星彗核的演化对理解太阳系其他天体的形成和演化历史具有重要意义.在太阳的辐射作用下,彗星携带的挥发性成分会发生升华,并带动尘埃运动,造成彗核物质的损失.因此,彗核的升华活动对其表面形貌甚至整体形状演化都会产生影响.从IAU (International Astronomical Union) MPC (Minor Planet Center)获取轨道数据,并考虑了彗核的自转以及进动,利用MONET (Mass lossdriven shape evolution model)形状演化模型对短周期彗星做数值模拟,计算得到了短周期彗星1P/Halley、9P/Tempel 1、 19P/Borrelly、 67P/C-G (Churyumov-Gerasimenko)、 81P/Wild 2和103P/Hartley 2在一个轨道周期内的太阳辐射能量以及表面侵蚀深度的分布,结合其动力学参数讨论了自转、进动和公转等特性对其表面水冰升华分布的影响以及造成南北侵蚀差异的可能性. 相似文献
4.
在4次成功的近距离彗星探测之后,天文学家找到了有关太阳系起源的一些重大问题的线索。
彗星的神秘
偶尔地——大概每隔10年左右——夜空中就会出现壮观的景象。这使得它们成为了大众痴迷的对象,也让它们成为了某种重要的“征兆”。这就是彗星。它们有时还会影响我们地球,例如很多古生物的灭绝就有可能源自一颗远古彗星的撞击。当然这很大程度上仅仅是巧合,它们不太可能影响到我们的日常生活。然而,由于彗星保存了大约45亿年前行星刚刚形成时太阳系早期状况的记录,它们于是便具有了特殊的科学意义。 相似文献
5.
１ 引言彗核分裂是彗星的最重要特征之一．至１９８２年止文献记录共观测到２２个彗核分裂,３３个次核［１］．１９８６年哈雷彗星回归时观测到彗核的分裂［２］．１９９６年紫金山天文台２００ｍｍ赤道望远镜和青岛观象台同时观测到百武彗星的分裂［３］．海尔波普彗星从１９９５年８月到１０月曾爆发５次［４］．１９９６年３月至１２月不断有喷流射出,彗核活动日趋剧烈［５］．１９９７年３月４日我们观测到彗核的小规模分裂及喷流特征,３月３日我们观测到海尔波普彗星近核照片上有喷流,这可能是３月４日彗核小块分裂的前奏．３… 相似文献
6.
《天文学进展》1999,(3)
在南京召开的国际天文学联合会第１６８ 次学术讨论会《空间和时间中的彗核》反映了当前国际彗星领域取得的重大成果、研究倾向以及未来发展趋势。彗星物理各个领域的很多重要的成果, 包括对海尔－ 波普彗星的最新研究成果、未来空间彗星探索计划等, 都在此次会议上发表。可以说, 未来的一、二十年中, 彗星物理的最重要的发展将在于空间研究。人类将可直接取得彗星样品在实验室内进行分析和实验。它必将有助于弄清发生在彗星内部及其环境中的很多物理过程, 有助于了解三个主要的彗星库———奥尔特云、柯伊伯带和弥漫彗星盘———的起源和它们之间的关系。面对飞速发展的行星科学, 我国的天文工作者应有所作为。 相似文献
7.
彗星是太阳系的一种奇特天体。在太阳辐射和太阳风作用下,彗星发生一系列物理过程和化学过程,表现为外貌形态(彗发、彗尾)、亮度、光谱及运动特性等多种变化。彗星研究是天文学和空间科学的重要课题,对于了解太阳系起源、有机分子仍至生命起源、太阳风及等离子体过程都有重要意义。 著名的哈雷彗星将在1985—86年再次回归到内太阳系。它有多种彗星现象,从地面到近地空间及空间会合的各种观测及样品分析,预料会取得彗星研究的新进展。本文先概述国际哈雷彗星联测(IHW)的计划;然后,评述彗星研究的一些进展,包括:(1)彗星的化学组成和化学过程;(2)尘埃彗尾和颗粒;(3)等离子体彗尾;(4)彗发;(5)彗星的亮度、爆发和分裂;(6)彗核的蒸发、寿命及非引力效应;(7)彗核,其中也包括我国的彗星研究情况。 相似文献
8.
这个问题就彗星本身来说,涉及彗星的来源、运行,结构和物质成分等方面。彗星是太阳系内在太阳引力作用下环绕太阳周期性地运行的小天体。绝大多数我们能看到的彗星的近日点在地球轨道附近或之内,。 相似文献
9.
小行星与慧星研究
小行星和彗星是45亿年前太阳系形成时遗留的原始残骸,包含着太阳系早期的物理和化学信息,对研究太阳系起源和行星系统形成具有重要科学意义,同时精密确定其轨道动力学演化又是目前空间环境和地球安全方面的重要现实需求。 相似文献
10.
太阳系尘埃等离子体研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述了太阳系尘埃等离子体中的充电机制和波动过程以及与之有关的若干空间物理现象,内容包括太阳系等离子体中尘埃表面的平衡电势,带电尘埃在空间环境中的受力与运动,行星环内沿的弥漫扩散,轮辐结构的成困,彗星环境中尘埃的静电爆裂,尘埃彗尾的形态演化,天王星窄环的稳定性等问题． 相似文献
11.
David W. Hughes 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,346(2):584-592
Out of over 200 known short-period comets, we analyse a self-consistent list of 105 comets which have accurately estimated nuclei radii. It is found that both the median size and the size distribution index of these comets vary as a function of the perihelion distance, q , of the cometary orbit. A value of q ≈ 2.7 au divides the comets into an outer solar system group which are hardly affected by decay, and an inner solar system group which are decaying quickly. It is estimated that 10, 20 and 30 per cent of the 105 comets will have decayed away after 1000, 2000 and 3000 yr, respectively. 相似文献
12.
P. Gronkowski 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2004,325(4):343-352
The possibility of impacts and their results in relation to the cometary outbursts between comets and other small bodies in the solar system has been investigated. Taking into consideration certain physical features of cometary nuclei and impacting bodies, the probability of impacts of small bodies moving in the main asteroid belt with hypothetical comets which represent three types: Jupiter family comets, Halley family comets and long period comets has been computed. The probability of impacts between comets and meteoroids at large heliocentric distances has also been estimated. Potential consequences of these events in relation to outbursts of the cometary brightness have been discussed. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
13.
Y. Ezoe R. Fujimoto N.Y. Yamasaki K. Mitsuda T. Ohashi K. Ishikawa S. Oishi Y. Miyoshi N. Terada Y. Futaana F.S. Porter G.V. Brown 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2012,333(4):319-323
Recent results of charge exchange emission from solar system objects observed with the Japanese Suzaku satellite are reviewed. Suzaku is of great importance to investigate diffuse X‐ray emission like the charge exchange from planetary exospheres and comets. The Suzaku studies of Earth's exosphere, Martian exosphere, Jupiter's aurorae, and comets are overviewed (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
14.
P. Nurmi M. J. Valtonen J. Q. Zheng H. Rickman 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,333(4):835-846
We test different possibilities for the origin of short-period comets captured from the Oort Cloud. We use an efficient Monte Carlo simulation method that takes into account non-gravitational forces, Galactic perturbations, observational selection effects, physical evolution and tidal splittings of comets. We confirm previous results and conclude that the Jupiter family comets cannot originate in the spherically distributed Oort Cloud, since there is no physically possible model of how these comets can be captured from the Oort Cloud flux and produce the observed inclination and Tisserand constant distributions. The extended model of the Oort Cloud predicted by the planetesimal theory consisting of a non-randomly distributed inner core and a classical Oort Cloud also cannot explain the observed distributions of Jupiter family comets. The number of comets captured from the outer region of the Solar system are too high compared with the observations if the inclination distribution of Jupiter family comets is matched with the observed distribution. It is very likely that the Halley-type comets are captured mainly from the classical Oort Cloud, since the distributions in inclination and Tisserand value can be fitted to the observed distributions with very high confidence. Also the expected number of comets is in agreement with the observations when physical evolution of the comets is included. However, the solution is not unique, and other more complicated models can also explain the observed properties of Halley-type comets. The existence of Jupiter family comets can be explained only if they are captured from the extended disc of comets with semimajor axes of the comets a <5000 au . The original flattened distribution of comets is conserved as the cometary orbits evolve from the outer Solar system era to the observed region. 相似文献
15.
D. Bodewits D.J. Christian J.A. Carter K. Dennerl I. Ewing R. Hoekstra S.T. Lepri C.M. Lisse S.J. Wolk 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2012,333(4):335-340
Since the initial discovery of cometary charge exchange emission, more than 20 comets have been observed with a variety of X‐ray and UV observatories. This observational sample offers a broad variety of comets, solar wind environments and observational conditions. It clearly demonstrates that solar wind charge exchange emission provides a wealth of diagnostics, which are visible as spatial, temporal, and spectral emission features. We review the possibilities and limitations of each of those in this contribution (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
16.
《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1983,7(1):76-80
The fact that comets are rich in volatile material shows that they were formed and kept for a long time in the outer, low-temperature regions of the solar system. In this paper we analyse the structure in the outer edge of the solar nebula and show that no formation zone of comets can exist there. Our view is that the comets evolved from the residual planetesimals in the zone between Jupiter and Neptune. 相似文献
17.
K. Dennerl C.M. Lisse A. Bhardwaj D.J. Christian S.J. Wolk D. Bodewits T.H. Zurbuchen M. Combi S. Lepri 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2012,333(4):324-334
While X‐ray astronomy began in 1962 and has made fast progress since then in expanding our knowledge about where in the Universe X‐rays are generated by which processes, it took one generation before the importance of a fundamentally different process was recognized. This happened in our immediate neighborhood, when in 1996 comets were discovered as a new class of X‐ray sources, directing our attention to charge exchange reactions. Charge exchange is fundamentally different from other processes which lead to the generation of X‐rays, because the X‐rays are not produced by hot electrons, but by ions picking up electrons from cold gas. Thus it opens up a new window, making it possible to detect cool gas in X‐rays (like in comets), while all the other processes require extremely high temperatures or otherwise extreme conditions. After having been overlooked for a long time, the astrophysical importance of charge exchange for the generation of X‐rays is now receiving increased general attention. In our solar system, charge exchange induced X‐rays have now been established to originate in comets, in all the planets from Venus to Jupiter, and even in the heliosphere itself. In addition to that, evidence for this X‐ray emission mechanism has been found at various locations across the Universe. Here we summarize the current knowledge about solar system X‐rays resulting from charge exchange processes (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
18.
V. P. Tomanov 《Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies》2007,23(5):196-206
We analyze our earlier data on the numerical integration of the equations of motion for 274 short-period comets (with the period P<200 yr) on a time interval of 6000 yr. As many as 54 comets had no close approaches to planets, 13 comets passed through the Saturnian sphere of action, and one comet passed through the Uranian sphere of action. The orbital elements of these 68 comets changed by no more than ±3 percent in a space of 6000 yr. As many as 206 comets passed close to Jupiter. We confirm Everhart’s conclusion that Jupiter can capture long-period comets with q = 4–6 AU and i < 9° into short-period orbits. We show that nearly parabolic comets cross the solar system mainly in the zone of terrestrial planets. No relationship of nearly parabolic comets and terrestrial planets was found for the epoch of the latest apparition of comets. Guliev’s conjecture about two trans-Plutonian planets is based on the illusory excess of cometary nodes at large heliocentric distances. The existence of cometary nodes at the solar system periphery turns out to be a solely geometrical effect. 相似文献
19.
The assumption that the very low albedo determined for Halley's comet is typical of all short period comets, taken together with the assumption that the average sizes of long and short period comets are approximately equal, leads to an increase in the total mass of comets in the solar system by almost two orders of magnitude. If gravitational ejection from the Uranus - Neptune zone during the later phases of planet formation is indeed responsible for the classical Oort cloud between 104–1015 AU, then the mass of comets in this transplanetary region during cosmogonie times has to exceed the combined masses of Uranus and Neptune by over an order of magnitude. Furthermore, if the recent arguments for as many as 1014 comets in an inner Oort cloud between ~40– 104AU are valid, then the total mass of comets in the solar system approaches 2% of a solar mass. 相似文献