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1.
昆仑造山带基本构造-地层格架主要奠基于古生代,是早古生代和晚古生代多次洋陆转换、碰撞造山的结果。早中二叠世是晚古生代昆仑多岛洋盆(昆南洋)伸展裂陷最为强烈期,海相沉积广布,昆北为活动边缘裂谷,大部分区域为滨浅海相沉积,局部为火山盆地相沉积;昆中洋岛大部分为海水淹没,发育滨浅海相沉积;康西瓦—木孜塔格—阿尼玛卿一线及其以北昆南区为深海-半深海相沉积。早中二叠世总体表现为南深北浅的多岛小洋盆构造-古地理格局。中二叠世晚期昆仑地区发生了一次显著的汇聚作用(华力西运动),洋盆和活动大陆边缘裂谷闭合,隆升遭受剥蚀,完成了一次盆山转换。晚二叠世早期,大部分地区仍为剥蚀区,局部地区形成陆相红色碎屑岩建造,其后东昆仑东部海水从东南进入,西昆仑东部海水从西北进入,在较局限的区域内沉积了滨浅海相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积,进入了另一个盆山发展时期。笔者通过多年的野外观察、分析测试和综合研究,结合覆盖全区的1∶25万区域地质调查资料及其他前人研究成果,选择昆仑造山带晚古生代盆山转换关键时期——二叠纪,对其地层、岩相特征及构造古地理环境进行研究,并探讨了其构造演化,以期对提高昆仑造山带的研究水平和指导找矿工作有所禆益。 相似文献
2.
The Precambrian Flå, Iddefjord, and Bohus granites lie along a line striking roughly northwest which crosses the Permian Oslo Province to the southwest of Oslo. Radioelement investigations in the three bodies show they all contain abnormally high thorium and uranium concentrations relative to the published literature on average radioelement contents of granitic rocks. Trend surface analysis of the radioelement distribution in the Iddefjord granite suggests there was relative movement of uranium to the east with respect to thorium, possibly as the result of Permian activity in the adjacent rocks. Geological considerations, radiometric evidence and published gravimetric data suggest that the 3 granites represent a continuous belt enriched in thorium and uranium during the Sveconorwegian orogeny. A portion of the belt was later involved in the Permian igneous activity which produced the igneous Oslo Province. There is some evidence that the Permian Drammen and Finnemarka granites represent that part of the belt which was modified in Permian time. 相似文献
3.
含油气盆地中温压场的研究是探明油气成藏机理的核心问题,特别是古压力的恢复对研究油气的运移、聚集甚至储层的成岩、烃类的生成都起着至关重要的作用。文中以现今地层压力为约束,应用盆地模拟法恢复了川西北断褶带中二叠统的压力演化过程,并利用构造挤压应力模型定量分析超压主控因素。恢复结果显示,川西北中二叠统则发育两期超压,特别是侏罗纪—早白垩世末,受构造挤压应力作用超压快速累积,且不同构造单元受挤压应力的影响差别较大。近造山带发育弱超压,晚白垩世之后恢复至常压;远离造山带的褶皱带和前渊带则发育超压—强超压,且受侧向挤压应力的影响,构造抬升后仍然保持超压—强超压的状态。 相似文献
4.
Charles S. Hutchison 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1994,83(2):388-405
The Triassic Indosinian Orogeny followed extinction of the Palaeotethys Ocean resulting in suturing of Gondwana affinity and Cathaysian blocks.The Gondwana affinity Sinoburmalaya block of Peninsular Malaysia, characterized by Carboniferous—Permian mudstones containing glacial dropstones and sparse fauna and flora, is traced extensively into Sumatra. This mudstone facies is flanked on the east by a sandstone-dominated facies and by carbonate localized in the Kinta Valley. The muddy and sandy facies both begin with a basal Carboniferous condensed red bed sequence, which unconformably overlies the older formations of Sinoburmalaya. Both facies also demonstrate a Late Permian conformable transition into overlying limestone. The Cathaysian block of East Malaya is characterized by Late Permian Gigantopteris flora and fusulinid limestones associated with andesitic volcanism. It is similar but not identical to the West Sumatra Carboniferous—Permian block, characterized by Early Permian volcanism, fusulinid limestones and early Cathaysian Jambi flora.The South to SSE trending central Peninsular Malaysian Triassic orogenic belt swings south-east from Singapore to Bangka, then east to Billiton. The Palaeotethys suture (Bentong—Raub Line) forms the western margin of this belt and is therefore unlikely to continue south along the Palaeogene Bengkalis Graben, which transects the north-west—south-east orogenic fabric of Sumatra.The oroclinal bending of the Indosinian Orogen, from a north-west—south-east grain in Sumatra to a northerly grain through Peninsular Malaysia, is attributed to the Palaeocene collision of India and its subsequent indentation into Eurasia. The bending was accomplished by clockwise rotation and right-lateral shear parallel to the orogenic grain. The Mesozoic Palaeotethyan sutures were transformed into Palaeocene and younger shear zones. The outer zones of the orocline experienced pull apart tectonics (Andaman Sea and Sumatra basins) while the inner part (East Malaya to Billiton), being compressional, lacks Cenozoic basins. 相似文献
5.
V. J. Morand 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):257-270
The Late Silurian to Middle Devonian Calliope Volcanic Assemblage in the Rockhampton region is deformed into a set of northwest‐trending gently plunging folds with steep axial plane cleavage. Folds become tighter and cleavage intensifies towards the bounding Yarrol Fault to the east. These folds and associated cleavage also deformed Carboniferous and Permian rocks, and the age of this deformation is Middle to Late Permian (Hunter‐Bowen Orogeny). In the Stanage Bay area, both the Calliope Volcanic Assemblage and younger strata generally have one cleavage, although here it strikes north to northeast. This cleavage is also considered to be of Hunter‐Bowen age. Metamorphic grade in the Calliope Volcanic Assemblage ranges from prehnite‐pumpellyite to greenschist facies, with higher grades in the more strongly cleaved rocks. In the Rockhampton region the Calliope Volcanic Assemblage is part of a west‐vergent fold and thrust belt, the Yarrol Fault representing a major thrust within this system. A Late Devonian unconformity followed minor folding of the Calliope Volcanic Assemblage, but no cleavage was formed. The unconformity does not represent a collision between an exotic island arc and continental Australia as previously suggested. 相似文献
6.
研究区位于塔里木盆地西部,主要跨越巴楚断隆和阿瓦提凹陷两个构造单元。寒武纪以来,研究区主要发育 3个时期、两个方向的褶皱构造。第一期北西向褶皱构造为轴向北西的断层转折褶皱,形成于中寒武世—泥盆纪,它们当时都是一些“水下隆起”,在全区均有分布。第二期南北向褶皱构造为规模相差较大、轴向近南北的断层转折褶皱和少量断层传播褶皱,形成于晚二叠世,发育于吐木休克断裂带附近及其以北的区域,西部背斜构造的幅度、规模都较东部大。第三期北西向褶皱构造为轴向北西的断层传播褶皱,形成于老第三纪—现在,发育于吐木休克断裂带附近及其以南的区域。吐木休克断裂带是形成于老第三纪—现在的右行聚合型走滑断裂带,对研究区发育的褶皱构造主要起破坏和改造作用。研究区的伸展作用过程发生于早二叠世,塔里木盆地进入了克拉通内裂谷形成阶段,出现广泛分布的基性火山岩和基性侵入岩体、岩墙。 相似文献
7.
The western and southwestern parts of the Argentine Precordillera display complex geometries which are not consistent with those of a typical high-level fold-and-thrust belt. They are the result of a polyphase structural evolution which spans the Early Paleozoic to Late Tertiary period. After an Early Paleozoic folding and shearing event under a greenschist facies metamorphism, uplift, erosion, and deposition of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian clastics were accompanied by extensional faulting. This was followed by a Permian folding and faulting event which led to a partial inversion of the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian graben fill. Permian to Triassic crustal extension was combined with block faulting and the deposition of a thick volcanic sequence. The subsequent Late Tertiary crustal shortening partly reactivated older fault lines. Excluding folds, a few thrusts, and reverse faults, the crustal shortening within the older blocks was accommodated by a dominant sinistral strike-slip faulting under a W-E compressive regime. Above a major décollement, the entire sequence of faulted and folded blocks was carried from west to east towards its present position. The regional situation indicates that this southern part of the orogen was transferred further to the east with respect to the central thin-skinned parts. The movements are interpreted to be related to an important thrust fault which obliquely cuts through the fold-and-thrust belt. 相似文献
8.
This paper attempts to characterize the coals of Satpura Gondwana basin using a large number of pillar coal samples drawn from the working coal mines of Pench, Kanhan, and Tawa (Pathakhera) Valley Coalfields of this basin. This westernmost Gondwana basin of Peninsular India is graben/half-graben type and occupies an area of 12 000 km2 with sedimentary fills (>5000 m) ranging in age from Permian to Cretaceous. The Barakar Formation (Permian) is exclusively coal-bearing with a total coal reserve of nearly 2000 Mt. The results show that the coals of this basin are equally rich in inertinite (22.8–58.7%, 24.5–62.0% mmf basis) and vitrinite (24.4–52.4%, 24.4–56.0% mmf basis). The concentration of liptinite ranges from 8.8% to 23.2% (9.0–26.0% mmf basis). The dominant microlithotypes of these coals are inertite and vitrite with comparatively low concentrations of vitrinertite and clarite. The vitrinite reflectance (Rom% values) suggests that the Pench Valley (0.30–0.58%) coals are subbituminous C to high volatile C bituminous in rank, while the Kanhan and Tawa Valley coals (0.52–0.92%) are subbituminous A to high volatile A bituminous in rank. The localized enhancement of rank in the latter two basins has been attributed to the extraneous heat flow from deep-seated igneous intrusions in the basin. The microlithotype composition of these coals is suggestive of their evolution in limno-telmatic zones, under fluvio-lacustrine control with the development of upper deltaic and lower deltaic conditions near the fresh water lacustrines. The floral input is characteristic of forest swamps with intermittent floods, leading to the development of reed moor and open moor facies, particularly in the Pench Valley basin. The Gelification Index (GI) and Tissue Preservation Index (TPI) are suggestive of terrestrial origin with high tree density. Further, moderately high GI and exceedingly high telovitrinite based TPI along with high ash content, particularly for the coals of Kanhan and Tawa Valley Coalfields, are indicative of the recurrence of drier conditions in the forested swamps. Furthermore, lateral variation in TPI values is indicative of increase in the rate of subsidence vis-à-vis depth of the basin from east to west (Pench to Tawa Valley Coalfield). The Ground Water Index (GWI) suggests that these coals have evolved in mires under ombotrophic to mesotrophic hydrological conditions. The Vegetation Index (VI) values are indicative of the dominance of herbaceous plants in the formation of Pench Valley coals and comparatively better forest input in the formation of Kanhan and Tawa Valley coals. 相似文献
9.
系统研究了西藏冈底斯带石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩的时空分布、岩相学、元素及Sr、Nd、Pb 同位素地球化学和构造环境、源区性质,并与喜马拉雅带二叠纪火山岩进行了对比研究。冈底斯带石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩近东西向集中分布在冈底斯构造带中北部地带,空间上从东至西火山活动的强度和规模渐次减小,时间上从早至晚火山活动的强度和规模总体由弱到强。冈底斯带石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩形成于活动大陆边缘的岛弧构造环境,从早到晚岛弧造山作用经历了初始岛弧→早期岛弧→成熟岛弧的发展演变过程,火山岩浆来源于富集型地幔部分熔融作用,原始岩浆在形成和演化的过程中有俯冲洋壳及随带的深海沉积物和再循环进人地慢的地壳物质组分的强烈混染,明显不同于受地壳物质组分强烈混染的喜马拉雅带二叠纪陆缘裂陷型火山岩。综合研究冈底斯带及其邻区近年来的最新调查与研究成果,从北向南拟建了石炭纪—二叠纪冈底斯岛弧→雅鲁藏布江弧后裂谷盆地→喜马拉雅陆缘裂陷盆地的弧盆系时空结构演化模式,探讨了冈瓦纳大陆北缘石炭纪—二叠纪活动大陆边缘的岛弧造山作用与青藏高原古特提斯演化的耦合关系及其动力学机制,讨论了冈底斯带松多乡榴辉岩的形成过程。 相似文献
10.
重庆市晚二叠世含煤地层聚煤特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
晚二叠世初期上扬子盆地西部康滇古陆的隆升,是形成其东侧区域西高东低构造格局的首要因素,并控制了各期由陆到海沉积相带与富煤带随海侵向西超覆的抬升迁移。重庆市西部地区在龙潭期位于扬子盆地海陆过渡相区的东部,区内发育海陆过渡沉积相区-海湾潮坪沉积体系与浅海相沉积区,海湾潮坪沉积体系是本区主要聚煤场所。从层序地层分析,将二叠系上统划分为2个三级层序,其中层序1发育完整,主要煤层C25煤形成于海侵域之海侵初期,C18＋19煤形成于高位域内次级层序的海侵期。 相似文献
11.
在南大巴山西北段镇巴—下高川地区进行1∶50 000地质填图基础上,通过对地质构造现象野外的详细观测,运用持平投影的构造几何学和运动学等方法对主要断层面擦痕和断层两侧不对称褶皱枢纽以及褶皱两翼产状进行统计分析和构造解析,结合区域沉积资料和地质年代学资料,对该区构造进行构造序列分析,并探讨南大巴山构造带的变形时限、动力学机制及其演化。研究表明：南大巴山西北段镇巴—下高川地区断裂构造特征表现为高角度逆冲推覆兼有右行走滑性质的叠瓦式逆冲推覆构造;与逆冲推覆构造相关褶皱多为轴面东倾西倒的同斜褶皱和斜歪褶皱,而且由东向西褶皱紧闭程度逐渐减弱,表明逆冲推覆方向由东向西,扩展方式为前展式。该区是在印支期扬子地块与秦岭造山带全面碰撞造山作用基础上,在燕山期中—晚期整个大巴山构造系由北东向南西方向大规模的陆内造山,形成了现今的构造几何形态,其中右行走滑构造是燕山期中—晚期（J3-K2）逆冲推覆构造持续向西南推移过程中形成的。 相似文献
12.
对侵位于柴北缘构造带西段达肯大坂岩群中的赛什腾钙碱性系列辉长岩进行了地球化学、年代学研究，结果显示，该辉长岩具有低SiO2、高Al2O3、富MgO及FeOT、贫ALK的特征，且富集LILE元素、亏损HFSE元素，稀土元素配分曲线整体表现为轻稀土元素相对富集、重稀土元素平坦且呈右倾型配分模式，并且低Zr和Zr/Y，指示赛什腾辉长岩形成于活动大陆边缘岛弧环境。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb结晶年龄为271±3 Ma。赛什腾辉长岩原岩岩浆是地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩部分熔融的产物，在演化过程中经历了弱的斜长石以及较为明显的单斜辉石的分离结晶作用，并在上升侵位过程中遭受了弱的中上地壳的同化混染作用。结合区域构造演化史以及同时代岩浆岩的年代学和地球化学特征，认为赛什腾辉长岩是中二叠世早期宗务隆洋壳向欧龙布鲁克地块南向俯冲的产物，且宗务隆构造带西段俯冲-碰撞事件明显早于东段，而东西两段俯冲-碰撞时限的差异表明宗务隆洋盆存在西早东晚的"剪刀式闭合"的可能。 相似文献
13.
14.
Abir Gupta 《Gondwana Research》1999,2(2):149
In the Damodar Valley Basin, coalfields containing coal bearing Barakar Formation are Raniganj, Jharia, Bokaro, Ramgarh, and Karanpura. The Barakar Formation is composed of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale, fireclay, and coal. The lower part of Barakar Formation represents a braided channel deposit, and also in few places glacio-fluvial deposit which changes to meandering channel system with the formation of some ox-bow lake, and cut-off channel in the middle part. In a few places deltaic/brackish water condition possibly existed along with this meandering channel system. In the upper part of Barakar Formation, marine signatures are more prominant. Marine signatures/influences have been reported from Barakar Formation of Ramgarh, South Karanpura, and West Bokaro coalfields on the basis of trace fossil assemblage, sedimentation character, and trace element content. Although, definite marine signatures have not been observed from Jharia, and Raniganj coalfields, high concentration of boron, vanadium, and chromium, and presence of skolithos, and thalassinoides burrows possibly suggest a brackish water condition. The upper part clearly suggest that the sediments were deposited in a geographic setting very close to the sea or at the edge of the sea possibly in a peritidal setting where storm activity played a vital role during sedimentation which in turn suggests the presence of a broad shallow sea (epeiric/epicontinental sea) that develop during times of high sea level. The sea water possibly entered from the northeastern side as vast seaways or as embayment through the Damodar Valley which acted as a channel. 相似文献
15.
西藏东部早-中三叠世火山-沉积盆地地质特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
:西藏东部存在四条NW-SE向大致平行分布的早-中三叠世地层条带,自东向西分别为普水桥组、瓦拉寺组条带,马拉松多组-加指拉组条带,夏牙村组条带和竹卡群条带.我们通过地层岩性及其自WN向ES均有火山岩减少和沉积岩增多趋势、区域构造特征、盆地延入云南西部中三叠世地层沉积具趋同性等特征,认为藏东四个条带的早-中三叠世地层,在沉积时为统一火山-沉积盆地.早-中三叠世期间,该火山-沉积盆地沉积作用自东向西不断推进,中三叠世盆地范围最大、海水最深,在江达-芒康-线出现半深水-深水复理石沉积.火山活动贯穿盆地发展全过程,其中WN部和WS部火山活动最强烈,火山活动主要为中酸性火山岩及火山碎屑岩,随着中三叠世强烈地火山喷发,于中三叠世拉丁中期结束盆地发展历史.盆地形成和演化过程中,海水从东部侵入. 相似文献
16.
福建省永定山口钼矿辉钼矿铼-锇同位素定年及其地质特征 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
福建永定山口钼矿位于武夷山北东-北北东构造带南段与南岭东西向构造带东段的复合部位,受上杭—云霄北西向断裂控制的湖雷早侏罗世火山喷发盆地的西北侧边缘,是目前福建省近年来钼矿地质找矿工作取得重大进展的矿床之一,也是已发现赋存于早侏罗世火山岩及火山碎屑沉积岩中仅有的一个中型钼矿床。文章通过采集钻孔中的辉钼矿进行铼-锇同位素年龄测定,获得辉钼矿等时线年龄为(165.3±3.5)Ma,表明该矿床形成于燕山早期,说明武夷山成矿带存在南岭成矿带相类似的成矿作用,为寻找南岭成矿带相类似成矿作用的找矿工作提出新的方向和新的思路。 相似文献
17.
福建省晚古生代聚煤前的区域构造格架为三个地体：闽西北地体、闽西南地体及闽东地体。聚煤期构造特征(早古生代晚期)：加旦东运动沿政和——大埔深大断裂产生了海沟岛弧系俯冲；同时，沿温州——德化深大断裂产生海沟山弧俯冲，海沟岛弧系在晚古生代形成了福建二叠系含煤地层的中、西部条带，海沟山弧系形成了福建二叠系含煤地层的东部条带。聚煤后的构造特征(中生代)，由于印支运动产生新古太平洋板块，并在这时产生了二叠系含煤地层滑脱断层的雏形；燕山运动早期形成了二叠系含煤地层的盖层逆冲推覆构造，燕山运动晚期形成了二叠系含煤地层的基底逆冲推覆构造。 相似文献
18.
大兴安岭南段主要金属矿物的成分标型特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
内蒙古东部的黄岗-甘珠尔庙矿带是地处大兴安岭南段的锡乡金属矿带。矿带中各矿床的磁铁矿、锡石、方铅矿、闪锌矿的主元素和微量元素数据表明,这些矿床是属与燕山期岩浆活动有关的矽卡岩型、热液型、斑岩型和云英岩型矿床;其成矿金属组分中的铁来源于区域晚古生代海相中-基性火山岩,部分铅锌来源于区域二叠纪地槽沉积物。研究还表明,与燕山期偏碱性花岗岩有关的锡钨矿床和与燕山期中酸性花岗岩类有关的铅锌矿床其方铅矿、闪锌矿的微量元素含量及比值存在明显的差别。 相似文献
19.
T.K. Ghosh 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1997,33(4):351-368
A triangular outlier of coal-bearing lower Gondwana rocks comprises a tectonic window within the Precambrian metamorphic terrain of the Rangit Valley, in the eastern Himalays of India. Due to a series of tectonic events which took place during the Mesozoic and Tertiary the succession has become reversed and the coal has undergone severe physical, chemical, microstructural and optical changes. Studies reveal that (1) the rank of the coal prior to tectonism was low, (2) the coal underwent oxidation in the peat forming stage and during subsequent orogenic stages but effect of oxidation on the properties of coal was insignificant, (3) the coal reached its present abnormally high rank mainly due to heating under tectonic pressure and (4) the heat which was generated due to tectonic pressure, affected all the coal seams of this belt. 相似文献
20.
早古生代,华北克拉通北缘发育了白乃庙岛弧岩带。前人资料显示白乃庙岛弧岩带由西(白乃庙镇)向东(四平市)经过翁牛特旗浅覆盖区,但没有确凿证据。本次工作结合地表调查及钻探调查,将工作区内(朝阳沟附近)"二叠纪花岗岩"解体出一套花岗闪长岩,采集两套样品经测试得出两组数据:SHRIMP年龄为427. 0±5. 6 Ma,激光烧蚀年龄为409±2. 9 Ma,由此确定花岗闪长岩时代为晚志留世-早泥盆世,该岩体兼具有火山弧花岗岩的地球化学特征。本文新发现的晚志留世-早泥盆世花岗闪长岩,为研究早古生代白乃庙岛弧带地质演化提供了重要证据。 相似文献