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参与性作为一种思想，强调了发挥每个群体的潜力、自主决策与合作；参与性作为一种方法，强调了创造参与的条件的一切手段和措施。参与性途径自90年代引进中国以来，在很多发展项目中广泛应用。参与性到底有什么贡献？根据参与性科技扶贫示范研究项目的实践，从参与性途径在社区科技互助组织发展过程中的作用、影响参与性发挥作用的因素以及不同群体对参与性的认同和体会等方面，对参与性途径进行了深入分析。 相似文献
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Reflections on participatory research 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Participatory research approaches are increasingly popular with geographers in developed as well as developing countries, as critical qualitative methodologies which at their best work with participants to effect change. This paper adds to recent debates over the methodologies, practices, philosophical and political issues involved. Drawing on a project on young people, exclusion and crime victimization in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, we discuss the limitations of participatory diagramming and illustrate some of the social and political barriers to meaningful participation in, and action from, this type of research. 相似文献
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Song Haokun 《云南地理环境研究》1999,(Z1)
１ ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｕｒａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｓｔｈｅｓｅｔｏｆａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄａｃｔｉｏｎｓｔａｋｅｎｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒｂｙｄｉｖｅｒｓｅｉｎｄｉ－ｖｉｄｕａｌｓａｎｄｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｌｅａｄｉｎｇｔｏｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ．Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｄｅｆｉｎｅｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｌｙ：ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙｉｔｅｑｕａｌｓｔｏｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｎｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ－ｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｉｎｃｏｍｅｓａｎｄｗｅａｌｔｈ．Ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙａｌｌｅｖｉ… 相似文献
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SARA KINDON 《New Zealand geographer》1995,51(1):10-12
In this paper, I outline the empowerment methodologies used in workshops with Balinese women and men and discuss the different dynamics and responses they generated. I also evaluate the methodologies and offer some reflections on their applicability to future feminist research in geography. 相似文献
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定性地理信息系统在城市社会空间研究中的应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
定性地理信息系统(定性GIS)是西方人文地理学定性研究的重要方法。它集成了定性和空间元素,更全面地阐明空间背景是如何被社会建构的。这种多元要素的整合,可以表达人们生活空间的多样性和复杂性,有助于展示生活路径的三维可视化细节,实现可视化社会空间过程。本文试图梳理西方定性GIS的方法论并探讨其在基于情感表达的个体数据采集分析、基于混合方法的可视化活动空间研究以及基于多重互动视角的社会空间研究中的应用。定性GIS包含微观和宏观层面的多重含义,使得研究者可以从多个有利位置观察问题并参与其中,有助于城市社会空间研究理论创新,为社会空间研究提供可探索空间。最后,从学科建设、方法论拓展、研究成果表达和研究议题选择等方面对中国开展同类研究进行展望。 相似文献
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The increased ease for individuals to create, share and map geographic information combined with the need for timely, relevant and diverse information has resulted in a new disaster management context. Volunteered geographic information (VGI), or geographic information voluntarily created by private citizens enabled through technologies like social media and web-based mapping, has changed the ways people create and use information for crisis events. Research has focussed on disaster response while largely ignoring prevention and preparedness. Preparing for disasters can reduce negative impacts on life and property, but despite strategies to educate communities, preparation remains low. This study assesses the application and value of VGI in bushfire risk reduction through a participatory mapping approach. It examines VGI as a social practice and not simply a data source by considering the user experience of contributing VGI and the potential for these activities to increase community connectedness for building disaster resilience. Participatory mapping workshops were held in bushfire-risk communities in Tasmania. Workshop activities included a paper-mapping exercise and web-based digital mapping. Survey results from 31 participants at three workshops indicated the process of mapping and contributing local information for bushfire preparation with other community members can contribute to increased social connectedness, understanding of local bushfire risk, and engagement in risk reduction. Local knowledge exchange was seen as valuable, but the social dimension appeared even more engaging than the specific information shared. Participants reported collaborative maps as effective for collating and sharing community bushfire information with a preference for digital mapping. Some limitations of online sharing of information were also reported by participants, however, including potential issues of privacy, data quality and source trustworthiness. Further work is needed to extrapolate findings from the study sample to the broader population. 相似文献
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参与式农村发展理论与实践—来自滇川黔地区的经验 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
参与式发展是80年代末初形成的一种发展学理论和方法，完成从学术研究到发展实践的变成，已经在大范围的政府资助的项目中应用。通过总结从事参与式农村发展引进、试验及应用的10年经验，认为参与式是发展的一种思想和一套简单和可视的方法，能够有效地协助受教育少的村民分析自己面临的问题，寻找可行和适合于他们自身条件的解决办法，提高项目受益者自己的能力。参与式的应用和推广需要一批有参与式理念和经验的发展工作者，更重要的是培养基层工作者，他们在日常与村民接触的工作应用参与式的方法。实践者除了行为、态度的转变和熟练应用参与式方法的技巧外，还需要有培训的能力、协调和协助的技巧、机构管理与项目管理的知识、以及咨询服务的技能。 相似文献
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全球-地方联结与产业集群的技术学习--以河南许昌发制品产业为例 总被引：27，自引：4，他引：23
以产业区理论、管制理论和全球生产网络理论为基础,以学习创新为核心,构建了一个融生产体系与社会生产体制、制度与协调机制、地方生产网络、全球生产网络“四位一体”的学习型产业区分析框架;运用该框架,以河南许昌发制品产业集群为案例,研究了全球-地方网络联结的方式、动态及其对技术学习的影响。研究发现,通过全球与地方生产网络的建构和有机联结,传统产业集群的技术学习是可以从“低端道路”迈向“高端道路”的,发展学习型产业区应作为我国经济发展与技术创新的一项重大战略和政策。 相似文献
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4-5):174-185
ABSTRACT This article examines the results of an online national survey of K–12 educators who attended a series of GIS training workshops conducted by the authors between 1998 and 2004. Data from the self-report survey (N = 186) suggest new information about potential changes in instruction and assessment patterns following GIS training. The survey provides insight for those designing GIS-based professional development, while simultaneously describing relatively little change in instructional methodology. The survey confirms some classroom implementation constraints from an earlier national implementation survey, identifying a lack of time for teachers, variable skill levels among students, and software complexity. 相似文献
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流域尺度土壤水研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
占全球粮食产量60%的旱作农业完全依赖土壤水,我国土壤水通量占降水总量的67.2%,传统水资源管理经常忽略土壤水。自李沃维奇首次使用“土壤水资源”的术语和Falkenmark提出“绿水”概念以来,土壤水的重要作用逐渐受到重视。本文介绍了土壤水研究理念和方法的演进,综述了土壤水尺度转换方法,讨论了流域尺度土壤水研究进展;指出目前国内在流域尺度的土壤水研究还局限于小流域尺度评价土壤水分时空分异和建立简单的预测模型,有必要发展较大的流域尺度的基于遥感和GIS的分布式水文模型;流域尺度土壤水评价和预测是流域水平衡和水循环的重要组成部分,也是流域水资源综合管理的主要内容。 相似文献
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4-5):167-174
Abstract Geography increasingly relies on training of professionals who can apply geographic concepts to solve real-world problems. The planning profession for years has been training professionals to work in the area of community planning. Planning programs typically include experiential learning modules throughout the curriculum. This article looks at how community planning approaches can be incorporated into geography programs in lower level courses to: (1) provide exposure to practical applications of geographic concepts; (2) give students experience with team dynamics; and (3) provide students with experience in real-world client relations. Advantages and challenges of experiential learning are identified and discussed. An example of an experiential learning exercise adapted from a planning application is presented. The exercise was developed to enhance learning in a geography curriculum. 相似文献
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随着中国城镇化进入中后期发展阶段,城市郊区成为人口集聚的重要载体之一,有必要在此新形势下系统梳理中国城市郊区化脉络和研究展望。论文通过CiteSpace 5.8软件,以中国知网(CNKI)中北大核心与CSSCI来源期刊以及硕博士学位论文中郊区化主题文献为对象,对郊区化研究的关键词共现网络和突现词探测进行分析,在探究郊区化研究总体特征的基础上,系统梳理了1983年至今郊区化研究热点与前沿及其演变。结果表明,中国城市郊区化研究在1996年之前处于起步阶段,随着城镇化快速发展,1997—2015年中国城市郊区化研究进入关注活跃阶段,但是2016年以来相关研究逐步淡化。中国城市郊区化研究热点主要包括郊区化与城市化、郊区化的人口分布与流动、郊区化的动力机制以及案例区的具体研究等,基本符合“借鉴学习—摸清现象—探究本质—实际应用”的研究脉络。面向中国新型城镇化发展新阶段,有必要重新审视城市郊区化的内涵,同时关注不同群体、中西部和东北地区的城市郊区化过程,重视郊区化与城市空间重构的关系探究,并突出城市郊区化的可持续发展模式及软层面保障措施的综合研究。 相似文献
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《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(7)
Land surface is of spatial-temporal heterogeneity. Terrestrial system(TS) comprehensively studies on land surface and physical regionalization objectively describes geographical zonation of the system. China has a vast area with apparent spatial variations in resources and environmental conditions, which highly influence on socio-economic development. In this paper, progress of the TS studies in China is overviewed and research priorities in the near future are prospected. Since the 1950 s, China has paid great attention to the TS study as its socio-economic development, and conducted research on physical geographical regionalization, eco-geographical regionalization and comprehensive regionalization. Along with the deepening of global change research, dynamics of TS have been highly concerned. During the studies, methodology has been developed from qualitative research of integration of experts' brainpower gradually to quantitative research based on field observation and experiments of the natural processes, including physical, chemical and biological processes, as well as application of information technology and mathematical simulation. In the near future, TS would combine with the ideology, objectives and key researches of Future Earth program, to focus on the mechanism and regional effects of interaction among land surface elements, the response of TS to global change, the quantitative recognition on regional unit boundary, and the application to TS in sustainable socio-economic development. 相似文献
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通过中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所（简称东北地理所）及其前身（长春地理研究所）自1978 年以来40 a的遥感基础理论与应用研究工作的回顾,以主持的国家与地方重要遥感研究项目为主线,首先展现了研究所在遥感队伍建设、人才培养、平台建设、光学与微波遥感基础理论与遥感应用研究、微波遥感器的设计与研制等方面的大量工作;然后结合东北地理所在东北地区及东北亚周边国家开展的研究工作,回顾了研究所在自然资源、土地利用/覆被变化、生态环境演变、灾害监测、农情遥感监测等领域所取得的成就;最后,根据国内外遥感科学与技术的应用发展态势和东北地区资源环境特征,对东北地理所遥感研究的发展前景和优先发展领域进行了展望。 相似文献
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Advances in terrestrial system research in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Land surface is of spatial-temporal heterogeneity. Terrestrial system (TS) comprehensively studies on land surface and physical regionalization objectively describes geographical zonation of the system. China has a vast area with apparent spatial variations in resources and environmental conditions, which highly influence on socio-economic development. In this paper, progress of the TS studies in China is overviewed and research priorities in the near future are prospected. Since the 1950s, China has paid great attention to the TS study as its socio-economic development, and conducted research on physical geographical regionalization, eco-geographical regionalization and comprehensive regionalization. Along with the deepening of global change research, dynamics of TS have been highly concerned. During the studies, methodology has been developed from qualitative research of integration of experts’ brainpower gradually to quantitative research based on field observation and experiments of the natural processes, including physical, chemical and biological processes, as well as application of information technology and mathematical simulation. In the near future, TS would combine with the ideology, objectives and key researches of Future Earth program, to focus on the mechanism and regional effects of interaction among land surface elements, the response of TS to global change, the quantitative recognition on regional unit boundary, and the application to TS in sustainable socio-economic development. 相似文献
18.
“中国生态大讲堂”(China Ecological Forum, CEF)是一个中国生态学领域的综合学术论坛;它以“传播新知识,交流新思想,展示新成果”为宗旨,举办系列学术讲座、春冬季专题研讨会、高级研讨班以及焦点论坛等学术交流活动。自2005年创办以来,“中国生态大讲堂”已经组织了100期主题演讲和12次大型学术研讨会、6次专题研讨会、2次高级研讨班,成为广大科研人员进行学术交流的重要平台。迄今,已有300人次的知名科学家、中青年学者在大讲堂作了学术讲演,其中150人次是来自国外研究机构的知名学者。从近年来演讲的主题来看,“气候变化与生态系统适应性”、“生态系统评估和管理”和“生态系统服务”等是生态学研究的热点问题。自2009年以来,根据“中国生态大讲堂”研讨会整理出版的《中国生态大讲堂系列丛书》已经出版了5本,涵盖了当前生态学研究的主要领域及其关键科学问题,反映了当代生态学研究的科学前沿。本文通过对“中国生态大讲堂”讲座和研讨会主题的梳理,探讨了近年来生态学研究前沿领域和热点问题,希望能为中国生态系统研究者提供参考。 相似文献
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P. E. GESSLER I. D. MOORE N. J. McKENZIE P. J. RYAN 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):421-432
Abstract Explicit and quantitative models for the spatial prediction of soil and landscape attributes are required for environmental modelling and management. In this study, advances in the spatial representation of hydrological and geomorphological processes using terrain analysis techniques are integrated with the development of a field sampling and soil-landscape model building strategy. Statistical models are developed using relationships between terrain attributes (plan curvature, compound topographic index, upslope mean plan curvature) and soil attributes (A horizon depth, Solum depth, E horizon presence/absence) in an area with uniform geology and geomorphic history. These techniques seem to provide appropriate methodologies for spatial prediction and understanding soil landscape processes. 相似文献
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广东大峡谷河床壶穴形态的形成与发育 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对广东中新世夷平面上大布河强烈下切的广东大峡谷源头河段的227 处壶穴形态特征进行详细测量并做统计分析, 结合野外观测结果从统计学的角度定量地描述壶穴的形成和发育过程。研究得出以下结论: 壶穴的形成与发育只与河床局部的地质、地貌、流水特征有关, 其形成始于河床床面薄弱处和三角(撞击) 坑; 壶穴形态受构造节理控制; 壶穴发育过程中, 深度与口径间有很强的(对数) 正相关关系; 壶穴发育过程中, 其形态和流水作用的形式不是固定的; 在下切强烈的河段, 作为河床下切的侵蚀形式之一, 壶穴形成既不需要很长时间, 也不能充分发育, 而且难以长期保留。以统计方法定量地研究河流壶穴有助于解决广东第四纪环境的有关争论。 相似文献