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大气视宁度是衡量台址大气光学品质的重要指标。差分像运动视宁度监测仪(Differential Image Motion Monitor,DIMM)被广泛应用于国内外天文选址的视宁度测量作业。介绍了一种优良的视宁度测量方法——差分像运动视宁度优化监测(Improved to Differential Image Motion Monitor,I-DIMM)法。首先对I-DIMM的结构设计和视宁度计算方法进行了详细描述;随后通过设置0. 36 m和0. 12 m两种口径望远镜进行视宁度的模拟测量,将I-DIMM测量结果与传统的DIMM测量的结果进行对比,均证明I-DIMM视宁度计算方法比DIMM更为精确;最后对模拟结果进行了分析,证明了I-DIMM相比于DIMM的优势。 相似文献
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在文献」１「４ 基础上，根据近年文选址实践中提出的问题，先进一步讨论了大气相干直径和时间的的物理和意义，然后强调了自由大气湍流的天文成像效应及选址中进行研究和测量的重要性。最后对差分像运动方法测量视宁度的定标和系统误差等问题作了分析。 相似文献
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讨论了经过大气后天文图象的象质衰减,研究了对这种衰减进行描述的宁度参数ｒ０及其它几个大气光学参数,介绍了几种测量象质衰减参数的方法,重点介绍了我们将差分像运动法运用于白日视宁度测量的尝试以及新设计的可兼顾昼夜的视宁度测量仪,仪器已用于云台白日的视宁度测量。最后对近场近似假设进行了定量分析,在此基础上给出新确定的近场近似成立的范围,这一范围比以前所给的要更大些。 相似文献
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从天文选址的角度出发 ,介绍了影响望远镜光学成像质量的大气湍流的成因、特性以及它对星光波前的影响 ,进而对衡量大气宁静度的量度值———大气视宁度做了详细的叙述 ,包括其测量方法 ,以及目前国际天文选址界常用的较差像运动测量仪的测量原理 ,介绍了云台三孔较差像运动测量仪的光学和硬件结构组成部分 ,对图像处理 /采集软件中用Waldie法计算大气视宁度值与用Roddier法计算大气视宁度值的不同之处进行了理论的分析 ,编写了Roddier法相应软件 ,并用于实测中测量了大气视宁度的值 ,得到一些有意义的结果。 相似文献
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差分像运动视宁度测量实验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首先阐明了Ｆｒｉｅｄ参数（大气相干长度）ｒ０的物理含义及为什么选取ｒ０作为表征大气视宁度的参数；然后介绍了一种优良的测量ｒ０的方法－差分像运动法，总结了该方法的六个特点，最后给出了在云南天文台用该方法的六个特点，最后给出了在云南天文台用该方法两次实测大气视宁度的实验结果及实验参数，并对结果进行了分析。 相似文献
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白日视宁度监测仪和在抚仙湖的初步观测结果 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
报导了用南方基地云南天文台太阳差分像运动视宁度监测仪和美国国立太阳天文台的太阳闪烁仪,在云南省澄江县抚仙湖老鹰地红外太阳塔选址点进行的对比观测,简要地介绍了这两种视宁度测量方法的原理,对观测的初步结果进行了分析。 相似文献
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Sobolev's probabilistic method — The method of quantum exit from the medium — has been applied to solve the transfer equation for the case of interlocking without redistribution. The solution contains the function (x) which is same as theH-function involved in the solution given by Busbridge and Stibbs the method of principle of invariance. 相似文献
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Giulio Calamai 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1970,6(2):240-257
The second variation of the mass-energy (by constant baryon number) is analysed to inquire into the stability of the equilibrium for a spherical mass under the action of its own gravitation. The equations of general relativity are used. For zero density at the surface, the sphere is stable if (and only if) a solution of a second order equation (Jacobi equation) has only one zero in the interior (at center) of the sphere. The results obtained in this way coincide of course with those obtained by means of the Chandrasekhar-Misner-Zapolsky variational principle, but the solution of the Jacobi equation is more simple and straightforward. In particular, the stability of the several modes are analysed without making any choice of a trial function for the Lagrangian displacement.The method is applied to the GrattonR-polytropic model of supermassive stars.Work done in the Laboratorio Astrofisico, Frascati-Roma, Italy. 相似文献
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Tōnu Viik 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1982,86(1):169-178
A generalized principle of invariance is derived for a plane-parallel atmosphere. On the basis of this principle a method for determining the radiation field in a multilayer atmosphere is proposed. This method, the first part of which is the well-known adding method, permits the application to problems involving optically finite as well as semi-infinite atmospheres. The reflecting boundaries may be incorporated, though in that case it is not possible to use the adding method.Some numerical results are given for the standard and Milne problems and for the problem with internal sources. 相似文献
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The Total Solar Irradiance Monitor (TSIM) instrument is designed to perform daily observations of total solar irradiance (TSI) in space on the Chinese FY-3A and FY-3B satellites. Three absolute radiometers are constructed for the TSIM to achieve measurements with traceability to SI with an absolute accuracy better than 550 ppm. The absolute radiometers are implemented based on the principle of electrical substitution. The design of the absolute radiometers and their electrical system, operation modes in space, and uncertainty evaluation are described. A method for calculating the electrical power in the observation and reference phases is proposed to maintain the primary cavity at a nearly constant temperature. 相似文献
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Allen Joel Anderson 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1978,19(3):409-417
A new method for determining the early history of the Earth-Moon system is described. Called the study of lunar paleotides, it describes a method for explaining features of the remnant lunar gravity field, and the generation of the lunar mascons. A method for the determination of Earth-Moon distances compared with the radiometric ages of the maria is developed. It is shown that the Moon underwent strong anomalous gravitational tidal forces, for a durationt<106yr, prior to the formation of the mascon surfaces. As these tidal forces had not been present at the time of the formation of the Moon, this shows that the Moon could not have been formed in orbit about the Earth.There are tides in the affairs of men which, taken at the flood, lead on to fortune... William Shakespeare 1564–1616 相似文献
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A new photographic method suitable for digital processing of a two-dimensional density distribution of lunar eclipse shadow has been developed and it has been applied to the observation of the eclipse of December 30, 1982. The principle of this method is to extract the terrestrial shadow by utilizing immediate post- or pre-eclipse full Moon image as a reference template. The uncertainties of the obtained shadow maps in density and position are mostly 0.03–0.05 and 10–15 respectively. Iso-density contours of the penumbra have revealed unknown systematic deviations from a geometrical (concentric) shadow model in terms of their directions of center and radii of curvature. A density map of the umbra has shown very irregular shapes of isophotoes and density variation in the outer umbra has been proved to be consistent with the optical depth measurement of the stratosphere performed in the same period of time with lidars and aircrafts. Geographic consideration of the shadow terminator on the Earth suggests that the remnant aerosols above the northern Pacific and northern Europe flown up by a Mexican volcano 8 months ago prior to this eclipse will be mainly responsible for the formation of such variation of density in the outer penumbra.On leave from Tokyo Astronomical Observatory as Visiting Scientist (from 28 Aug. 1984 to 27 Aug. 1985). 相似文献
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The Goldberg-Unno method is analysed. Accounting for the instrumental profile correction reduces the derived microturbulent velocities only slightly. A similar effect may be caused by an unresolved macroturbulence. The method of accounting for the damping effect is considered. The correction for the influence of the damping effect does not change substantially the general trend of the variation of
t with 0. The microturbulent velocity
t is reduced appreciably.An attempt to analyse the microturbulent velocities by the Goldberg-Unno method under deviation from LTE is made.The main conclusion is that the Goldberg-Unno method, especially in its modified form, is valid and useful. 相似文献
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A generalized functional which yields the Milne integral equation on variation and whose extremum value is proportional to the reflectivity at arbitrary emergent angle is proposed. A similar functional exists for computing the transmissivity at arbitrary emergent angle. This work is a generalization of the variational method of Stokes and DeMarcus (1971, Icarus14, 307) based on the principle of reciprocity. In the special case of trial functions that are linear in the undetermined parameters, the calculation is greatly simplified. The computational value of our variational principle is demonstrated. 相似文献
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We describe a general method for inferring, from the line emission of an optically thin medium, the physical state of the gas along the column in the line of sight which is sampled by the observations. Since it is not possible to infer the distribution of the physical state parameters with position in the line of sight - any arbitrary rearrangement of material giving equivalent line emission - we seek instead to specify the state in another way. A unique specification is found in terms of the bivariate distribution function (n, T), describing the partitioning of the matter in the gas over the density and temperature. We show that, given sufficient observational data, it is in principle possible to determine both (n, T), and the chemical composition. With less complete data the acuity of the analysis is correspondingly reduced.The method is devised for application to the astronomical case, especially for studies of the solar corona, the chromosphere-corona transition region, planetary nebulae and other optically thin sources. We illustrate the formulation for the situation encountered in the solar corona.Presently on leave of absence from the Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellow, 1970.Of the National Bureau of Standards and the University of Colorado. 相似文献
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A. P. Wang 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1980,70(2):447-459
The model under consideration is a pencil of radiation incident on a cloud, and the problem is to determine the reflection and transmitted radiation. Based on the method of principle of invariance, three mathematical models are constructed. The first is the basic model, which describes the radiation system completely. The second is the flux integral model, in which the integral average intensity is considered. The third is the diffusion model, which gives the most important information about the diffused radiation field. 相似文献