共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
单轴压缩下岩石应变局部化的应变梯度塑性解 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过在屈服函数中引入材料内部长度建立应变梯度塑性增量本构关系,对岩石材料在单轴压缩条件下应变局部化的二维情况进行了研究。首先,建立了在Mises屈服准则下平面应变情况的岩石材料应变局部化带的带宽与其倾角的关系式,讨论了其带宽的分布范围和最大值与最小值形成的条件,给出岩石材料破坏Ⅰ, Ⅱ类变形的条件,并推出破坏的临界角度;其次,对岩石材料Ⅰ类变形进行了详细地分析,讨论了在不同泊松比 和 条件下材料应变局部化带的倾角的变化范围;最后,利用所得的结论同材料破坏的库仑准则进行对比研究,对内摩擦系数给予了合理的解释。 相似文献
2.
3.
岩石试件端面摩擦效应数值模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试件端面摩擦效应直接影响试件内的塑性等效应变、侧向位移的分布和单元应力应变曲线。本文运用ANSYS中的接触单元模拟了平面应变状态下端面摩擦效应对塑性等效应变、侧向位移和单元应力应变曲线的影响,得到了不同摩擦系数时塑性等效应变及侧向位移的渐进变化形式。当接触面摩擦较小时,塑性等效应变图案为上下两个X形网络,侧向位移上下分布均匀;当接触面摩擦增大时,塑性等效应变网络向中部靠拢并且明显增大,侧向位移上下分布不均匀,中部较上下端面位移大;当试件端面侧向位移被限制,即摩擦力很大时,塑性等效应变网络变为一个X形局部化带,侧向位移分布更加不均匀,中部明显隆起。 相似文献
4.
5.
基于CLoE与Gudehus-Bauer亚塑性模型数值模拟了平面应变条件下Hostun砂的应变局部化现象。从侧向压力和初始缺陷两个方面对比研究了两种模型所预测应变局部化的产生及演化模式。结果表明：（1）两种模型均能反映Hostun砂刚度随着侧向压力提高而增大的现象。（2）相比Gudehus-Bauer亚塑性模型,CLoE亚塑性模型所得出的应变局部化形态与试验结果更加一致。（3）CLoE亚塑性模型能够反映随着荷载增加,砂的体积先膨胀后缩小的特点。（4）相比Gudehus-Bauer亚塑性模型,CLoE亚塑性模型所得到的应变-应力曲线能够更明显地反映应变局部化带中单元的软化现象。（5）CLoE亚塑性模型能够更好地模拟由初始缺陷导致的不均匀应变。总的来说,所得的数值结果表明,CLoE亚塑性模型能够较好地模拟侧向压力和初始缺陷对应变局部化的影响,在模拟应变局部化现象方面较Gudehus-Bauer更有优势。然而,现有CLoE亚塑性模型无法考虑孔隙比,也未包含颗粒材料内尺度变量,有待进一步完善。 相似文献
6.
利用率相关与梯度塑性耦合本构模型,采用简谐波的分析方法对材料的应变局部化及材料的稳定性进行了研究,得到了二阶耦合模型在二维情况下的内尺度律的变化及其与材料稳定性的关系,得到了波长变化的下界及材料稳定性的条件;在此基础上,结合二阶耦合模型在一维情况下的内尺度律变化的规律,对其进行了对比研究,得到材料变形局部化带在一维与二维条件下的关系公式,这对材料变形局部化带宽的研究有积极意义。 相似文献
7.
岩石结构稳定性问题是岩土工程实践中迫切需要解决的重要课题之一。文章以地震为例，讨论了地质灾害的局部化特征，介绍了经典弹、塑性理论的某些缺陷及梯度塑性理论的几点优越性：(1)控制方程总是适定的；(2)病态网格依赖性消失；(3)局部化带宽度由材料的内部长度完全确定；(4)可对岩石结构的尺寸效应及失稳回跳进行合理解释和预测；(5)对预测宏观及微观问题均比较有效。介绍了基于梯度塑性理论的岩石变形、破坏及稳定性研究进展。梯度塑性理论可用于研究单轴压缩条件下，岩石试件发生剪切破坏时全程应力一应变曲线、尺寸效应、剪切带倾角尺寸效应及失稳回跳等问题。它们对土木工程及岩土工程均十分重要。若将单轴压缩岩样比拟为矿柱，则该失稳判据即为矿柱岩爆准则。梯度塑性理论可用于研究韧性断层带内部应变、应变率分布规律、断层带错动位移及带内孔隙度分布规律，为韧性断层带定量分析提供了新的手段。此外，该理论还可对直剪试验机——岩样系统不稳定性进行分析，系统失稳可比拟为断层岩爆。发展基于梯度塑性理论尺度律及失稳判据等解析解一方面可加深对岩石变形、破坏的理解；另一方面。还可用来检验数值结果的正确性。 相似文献
8.
涉及流体的岩土工程自然灾害统一机制探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
渗透系数依赖于塑性剪切应变（率）。塑性区可以进一步划分为剪应变局部化区和非剪应变局部化区,采用应变梯度塑性理论将是描述塑性区内应变局部化区的材料性质矩较好方法之一。涉及流体的岩土工程自然灾害统一机制的过程可以分为4个阶段：（1）在孔隙充体存在的条件下岩土材料分叉,应变局部化启动;（2）应变局部化导致岩土材料剪胀或剪缩;（3）剪胀或剪缩引起孔隙流体的流向应变局部化区或流出应变局部化区的渗流运动;（4）在流体作用下岩土结构失稳。将涉及流体的岩土工程中自然灾害的发生机制统一在同一理论框架之中,有助于对这些灾害发生机制的认识和理解,而且对其预测乃至防治也会产生积极的意义。 相似文献
9.
10.
平面应变状态下土体的软化特性与本构模拟 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在平面应变状态下,由于土体在应力峰值状态出现了应变局部化现象,从而变形模式失去了原有的均匀性而呈现软化特性。为此,采用常规的弹塑性本构模型模拟土体峰值前的均匀变形,对应力峰值状态则采用非共轴的分叉理论进行预测,而土样在峰值后出现不均匀变形的宏观力学特性则通过复合体理论加以描述。理论预测表明,构建这样的软化本构模型能真实反映平面应变状态下的应力-应变特性。理论分析还表明,经典的变形分叉理论中引入非共轴弹塑性模型,才能准确地预测土体的应力峰值,这是构建平面应变状态下土体软化本构模型的关键所在。 相似文献
11.
常规的弹塑性模型难以模拟材料破坏时由于内部损伤累积引起的变形局部化带形成过程。将岩土材料抽象为含有孔洞的球形体胞单元的集合体,采用一个标量--孔洞体积百分比来刻划单元的损伤程度,基于细观损伤力学提出了一个适用于岩土材料的塑性损伤模型。将该模型通过用户子程序嵌入到大型有限元商业软件MRAC中,研究岩土材料的局部化剪切带形成过程。采用该模型,成功地对平面应力条件下岩土材料单轴受压和单轴受拉试件的局部化破坏分别进行了数值模拟。采用该模型,对拱坝在超水载作用下的变形局部化进行了研究,数值计算结果表明,上游坝踵处最先发生变形局部化现象。 相似文献
12.
土体是一种颗粒物质,其强度与变形特性具有显著的颗粒尺度效应。根据土体颗粒间的连结性状和微重比,将土颗粒划分为基体颗粒与加强颗粒。构建了反映土体内部材料信息和颗粒特征信息的土体胞元,基于应变梯度理论建立可以描述土体颗粒尺度效应的土体胞元模型。设计一系列饱和重塑土的直接快剪试验以研究土体直剪力学特性的颗粒尺度效应,并定量计算了土体胞元模型的应变梯度和內禀尺度等微细观计算参数。试验结果表明,土体的剪切屈服应力随加强颗粒体积比和平均应变梯度的增加而增加,且与加强颗粒体积比呈近似线性关系,与平均应变梯度呈抛物线关系;加强颗粒粒径对土体的剪切屈服应力影响不明显。土体剪切屈服应力的试验结果与土体胞元模型的预测结果一致。 相似文献
13.
Strain gradient implies an important characteristic in localized damage deformation, which can be observed in the softening state of brittle materials, and strain gradients constitute the basic behaviours of localization failure area of the materials. The most important point in strain gradient is its damaging function including an internal length scale, which can be used to express the scale effects of mechanical responses of brittle rock mass. By extending the strain gradient theory and introducing an intrinsic material length scale into the constitutive law, the authors develop an isotropic damage model as well as a micro‐crack‐based anisotropic damage model for rock‐like materials in this paper. The proposed models were used to simulate the damage localization under uniaxial tension and plain strain compression, respectively. The simulated results well illustrated the potential of these models in dealing with the well‐known mesh‐sensitivity problem in FEM. In the computation, elements with C1 continuity have been implemented to incorporate the proposed models for failure localization. When regular rectangle elements are encountered, the coupling between finite difference method (FDM) and conventional finite element method (FEM) is used to avoid large modification to the existing FEM code, and to obtain relatively higher efficiency and reasonably good accuracy. Application of the anisotropic model to the 3D‐non‐linear FEM analysis of Ertan arch dam has been conducted and the results of its numerical simulation coincide well with those from the failure behaviours obtained by Ertan geophysical model test. In this paper, new applications of gradient theories and models for a feasible approach to simulate localized damage in brittle materials are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
Multi‐scale investigations aided by the discrete element method (DEM) play a vital role for current state‐of‐the‐art research on the elementary behaviour of granular materials. Similar to laboratory tests, there are three important aspects to be considered carefully, which are the proper stress/strain definition and measurement, the application of target loading paths and the designed experiment setup, to be addressed in the present paper. Considering the volume sensitive characteristics of granular materials, in the proposed technique, the deformation of the tested specimen is controlled and measured by deformation gradient tensor involving both the undeformed configuration and the current configuration. Definitions of Biot strain and Cauchy stress are adopted. The expressions of them in terms of contact forces and particle displacements, respectively, are derived. The boundary of the tested specimen consists of rigid massless planar units. It is suggested that the representative element uses a convex polyhedral (polygonal) shape to minimize possible boundary arching effects. General loading paths are described by directly specifying the changes in the stress/strain invariants or directions. Loading can be applied in the strain‐controlled mode by specifying the translations and rotations of the boundary units, or in the stress‐controlled mode by using a servo‐control mechanism, or in the combination of the two methods to realize mixed boundary conditions. Taking the simulation results as the natural consequences originated from a complex system, virtual experiments provide particle‐scale information database to conduct multi‐scale investigations for better understanding in granular material behaviours and possible development of the constitutive theories provided the qualitative similarity between the simulation results from virtual experiments and observations on real material behaviour. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
We consider discontinuous bifurcations as the indicator of a localized failure for a class of composites that are characterized by elastic fibres reinforcing an elastic–plastic matrix. A macroscopic tangent stiffness tensor for the fibre‐reinforced composite is developed by consistently homogenizing the contribution of fibres in a spherical representative volume element. Analytical solutions are derived for the critical hardening modulus and corresponding bifurcation directions for the case of plane strain loading. Properties of the solutions are further illustrated on the example of the non‐associated Drucker–Prager model at onset of yielding. Results show that presence of fibres decreases the critical hardening modulus, thus inhibiting the onset of strain localization. The rate of decrease in the critical hardening modulus is the highest for pure shear, followed by uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, biaxial tension and biaxial compression. The main fibre parameters that control the onset of strain localization are their volumetric content and their stiffness modulus whereby very stiff fibres can produce the most significant decrease in the critical hardening modulus, especially for the state of biaxial tension. The critical hardening modulus for the non‐associated Drucker–Prager model exhibits a full range of localization modes including compaction bands, dilation bands, and transition in the form of shear bands regardless of the presence of fibres. Presence of fibres affects bifurcation directions, except in the case when Poisson's ratio of the matrix is equal to 0.25. The results demonstrate stabilizing effects of fibres by which they provide the control against the onset of strain localization. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
17.
We present a new model updating technique for the automatic calculation of the small strain shear modulus of geomaterials, based on bender element experiments. The technique searches for the shear modulus that maximizes the correlation between the output signal obtained from the experiment and the output signal acquired from its computational simulation. Instead of conventional extremum finding algorithms, a fixed point technique is used to update the shear modulus at each iteration. This option increases substantially the attraction basin of the absolute maximum correlation and improves the convergence of the algorithm. 相似文献
18.
19.
考虑围压及孔隙压力的岩石试件应力与应变关系解析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
假设剪切带内部的岩体为剪切破坏,利用剪切应变梯度塑性理论,解析得出了考虑围压和孔隙压力的岩石试件应力与应变的关系,解析解与众多的实验研究结果比较一致,围压效应和孔隙压力效应是局部化所致,这一研究结果对于自然灾害的防治有一定的理论和实际意义。 相似文献