共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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Erik Høg 《Experimental Astronomy》2009,25(1-3):225-240
Galileo Galilei’s use of the newly invented telescope for astronomical observation resulted immediately in epochal discoveries about the physical nature of celestial bodies, but the advantage for astrometry came much later. The quadrant and sextant were pre-telescopic instruments for measurement of large angles between stars, improved by Tycho Brahe in the years 1570–1590. Fitted with telescopic sights after 1660, such instruments were quite successful, especially in the hands of John Flamsteed. The meridian circle was a new type of astrometric instrument, already invented and used by Ole Rømer in about 1705, but it took a hundred years before it could fully take over. The centuries-long evolution of techniques is reviewed, including the use of photoelectric astrometry and space technology in the first astrometry satellite, Hipparcos, launched by ESA in 1989. Hipparcos made accurate measurement of large angles a million times more efficiently than could be done in about 1950 from the ground, and it will soon be followed by Gaia which is expected to be another one million times more efficient for optical astrometry. 相似文献
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F. Delplancke F. Derie F. Paresce A. Glindemann F. Lévy S. Lévêque S. Ménardi 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,286(1-2):99-104
The four main scientific objectives of PRIMA – the Phase-Referenced Imaging and Micro-arc second Astrometry facility for the
VLTI – will be described:– extra-solar system characterization with astrometry, to detect planets and evaluate their mass,
and imaging of the dust accretion disk,– galactic center study with astrometry(dynamics of the bulge stars) and imaging at
10μm (piercing the gas and dust clouds surrounding the galactic center),– observations of AGNs and other extra-galactic objects,
too faint to be observed without PRIMA, for which partial imaging is needed to constrain their structuremodels,– micro-gravitational
lensing event resolution (imaging and astrometry of their photo-center) in the Galactic Bulge and Magellanic Clouds, helping
to determine directly the lens mass and distance.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2020,(7)
Taking a large number of images, the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem(ISS) has been routinely used in astrometry. In ISS images, disk-resolved objects often lead to false detection of stars that disturb the camera pointing correction. The aim of this study was to develop an automated processing method to remove the false image stars in disk-resolved objects in ISS images. The method included the following steps:extracting edges, segmenting boundary arcs, fitting circles and excluding false image stars. The proposed method was tested using 200 ISS images. Preliminary experimental results show that it can remove the false image stars in more than 95% of ISS images with disk-resolved objects in a fully automatic manner,i.e., outperforming the traditional circle detection based on Circular Hough Transform(CHT) by 17%. In addition, its speed is more than twice as fast as that of the CHT method. It is also more robust(no manual parameter tuning is needed) when compared with CHT. The proposed method was also applied to a set of ISS images of Rhea to eliminate the mismatch in pointing correction in automatic procedure. Experiment results showed that the precision of final astrometry results can be improve by roughly 2 times that of automatic procedure without the method. It proved that the proposed method is helpful in the astrometry of ISS images in a fully automatic manner. 相似文献
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新参考系的引入对天体测量学的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
由于观测、参考架、模型、时间尺度精度的不断提高和完善，国际天球参考系(ICRS)被引入使用，IAU2000年大会决定从2003年起采用新的天球中介极(CIP)、新的天球中介原点(CIO)、新的岁差一章动模型和新的UTI定义等，并定义了新的中介的运动参考架，由此给天体测量学带来很大的影响，天体测量学的内容和实践发生了许多重要的变化。据此，对天体测量学的术语、概念和定义的变化作了描述，并讨论了变化的原因和对天体测量学的影响。新的一套天体测量理论和方法正在变更之中，我们应及时跟上这个领域的发展步伐。 相似文献
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介绍了云南天文台天体测量工作的发展过程，论述了在空间时代地面光学基本天体测量的必要性和应具备的条件，并且叙述了在新的要求和条件下，地面光学基本天体测量工作应该发挥的作用和广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
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The SBIG Model ST-6 CCD Imaging Camera was tested and found suitable for various kinds of astronomical observations on telescopes with apertures from 6 mm to 0.6 m. We discuss different noise sources, linearity, sensitivity, and other detector characteristics. Limits, which they set to the observations and accuracy of data evaluation process, are also discussed. Detection, accurate astrometry, and VR photometry limiting magnitudes are about 21, 20, and 17.5, respectively, with the 0.6-m telescope and 10-min integration time. Detection of 5th magnitude 1-second optical transients is possible with the 6-mm wide-field lens. 相似文献
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天文观测站夜天空星像星等信息和天区分布信息可用于指导多设备巡天观测.建立全天相机监测系统(Monitoring all-sky system)对本地天区夜天空实时监测,获取的监测图像需要有效的方法进行处理以提取全天图像星像信息.由于全天图像视场大和高阶扭曲的影响,采用天顶等距投影与多项式函数组合的方法计算图像的底片常数.天文定位的均方根残差约为0.15个像素.通过对图像中亮星部分测光得到的星等差,改正大气消光误差.最后使用HEALPix (Hierarchical Equal Area isoLatitude Pixelation)方法实现天区划分和每个天区可观测极限星等值的存储. 相似文献
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Graeme L. White David L. Jauncey Bruce R. Harvey Ann Savage Samuel Gulkis Robert A. Preston Bruce A. Peterson John E. Reynolds George D. Nicolson D. F. Malin 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1991,177(1-2):79-83
An overview is presented of a number of astrometry and astrophysics programs based on radio sources from the Parkes 2.7 GHz catalogues. The programs cover the optical identification and spectroscopy of flat-spectrum Parkes sources and the determination of their milliarc-second radio structures and positions. Work is also in progress to tie together the radio and Hipparcos positional reference frames. A parallel program of radio and optical astrometry of southern radio stars is also under way. 相似文献
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The results of photometric astrometry, a method of determining the orientation of a rotation axis, as applied to asteroid 44 Nysa are presented. The pole orientation of Nysa was found to be λ0 = 100°, β0 = +60° with an uncertainty of 10°. The sidereal period is 0d.26755902 ± 0.00000006, and the rotation prograde. Refinements to, and limitations of, the application of the method of photometric astrometry are discussed. In light of the results presented herein, we believe that all photometric astrometry pole determinations of the past should be redone. 相似文献
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We present a new method for the linking of scarce asteroid astrometry over apparitions, and apply it both to simulated and real data to prove its feasibility. Up to date, there has not been a robust method available to search for linkages between the approximately 50,000 provisionally designated sets of asteroid astrometry spanning less than two days. Unless such a scarce set of astrometry is linked to another set of astrometry, the underlying object can be considered lost as the ephemeris uncertainties are substantial. The new method, which can tackle the challenges, is based on Ranging, which is a fully nonlinear, statistical orbital inversion method. Ranging properly treats astrometric uncertainties and propagates the uncertainty to the resulting orbital-element probability density, which is sampled by a set of orbits. The new orbital-element-space multiple-address-comparison (oMAC) method uses dimensionality-reduction techniques and tree structures to efficiently search for overlapping probability densities in the orbital-element phase space. Overlapping probability densities indicate a candidate linkage between astrometric observation sets. To accept a candidate linkage, we have to find a many-body orbital solution which reproduces the observed positions within the observational uncertainties. To find the linking orbit, we use a multi-step approach starting from a Monte-Carlo generation of possible orbits in a reduced volume of the orbital-element phase space and ending with a least-squares orbital solution, which, in addition to the Sun's gravitation, also takes into account the gravitational influence of the relevant planets. The new multiple-address-comparison method has a loglinear computational complexity, that is, it scales as O(nlogn), where n is the number of included observation sets. It has recently also been implemented for the ephemeris-space multiple-address-comparison (eMAC) method, which is optimized for the short-term linking of scarce astrometry. 相似文献
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综述了以下几个方面的工作：（１）依巴谷卫星３０个月观测资料的初步处理结果；（２）空间望远镜精密导星传感器的性能测试；（３）依巴谷卫星和空间望远镜近期在观测和仪器改进上的进展；（４）我们开展空间天体测量工作的概况。 相似文献
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P. K. Seidelmann 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1996,66(1):97-106
The introduction of the extragalactic reference frame and the availability of the Hipparcos and Tycho catalogs will have major impacts on changing the accuracy levels of astrometry in the future.There is a need for accurate densification of the reference frames down to at least 20th magnitude, Also accurate space motions and distances will be required. The ground based observations must be supplemented by space missions. In addition to traditional positional astrometry, the scientific applications of planetary detection, distance scales, multiple star systems, mass detections, solar system motions and geodesy will be advanced by the new accuracies. 相似文献
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A. L. Tadross 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,389(1):285-291
The main astrophysical parameters of 24 previously unstudied open clusters of Berkeley catalogue are presented here. JHK near-infrared (Two Micron All Sky Survey) photometry and the proper motions astrometry of Naval Observatory Merged Astrometric Dataset (NOMAD) are used. The clusters' centres, angular diameters, ages, distances and colour excesses for these clusters are estimated for the first time. 相似文献
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大气折射是天体测量最基本的问题之一，它影响着天体位置测定的精度。气象资料自动采集系统是自动计算大气折射必不可少的仪器，为观测结果和气象的相关分析提供了可能．本文介绍的气象资料自动采集系统，可实时采集并可用于其它天文观测仪器． 相似文献