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1.
糯扎渡水电站位于澜沧江中下游,该地区构造环境复杂,活动断层发育,地震频发。本文利用区域构造、糯扎渡库区水荷载变化、云南省区域地震台网2000-2021年地震监测资料,对糯扎渡水库区域断层性质、库水位荷载变化、地震震源参数和水库蓄水前后的地震活动空间等进行综合分析。研究结果表明,糯扎渡水库影响区及附近区域活断层密集,构造环境复杂且存在应力水平较高区域,蓄水前库区地震活动强度较高。伴随蓄水量的增加,微小地震活动频度和强度逐渐增强,显示出蓄水对库区内断层上的应力分布具有明显的扰动作用。蓄水后水库坝区附近和澜沧江库区中段窝拖寨断层区的地震活动频度和强度有所增强,普洱大河库段地震活动强度则低于区域背景地震,但微小地震活动的频度有所上升,且与库水位的周期性变化有一定的相关性。地震活动的空间位置与库区内复杂的构造断层密切相关。在区域构造应力和库区水加、卸载的共同作用下,构成了糯扎渡水库影响区微小地震时间、空间、强度的活动图像。未来区内地震活动仍将受到区域构造应力影响和水位变化及水的渗透作用影响,其地震活动强度可能达到5.0级左右。 相似文献
2.
针对ETAS模型参数估计方法(MLE)中的初值敏感性问题,提出GA+MLE算法,以GA结果作为MLE算法的初始输入,对结果进行精细计算.通过ETAS模型研究三峡库区微震活动在快速加载及缓慢卸载两种状态下的流体触发、地震自激发及微震活动衰减特征,讨论库水渗透及加卸载过程的可能影响.结果显示:(1)库水快速加载阶段ETAS模型参数μ、α、p及流体触发地震所占比例Rb均显示由小变大、又由大变小的变化过程,但p值的统计差异不显著;在库水缓慢卸载阶段,μ与Rb持续减小;(2)平均来看,库水快速加载阶段流体对微震活动显示较强的外因触发作用,同一条件下序列地震自激发明显增强、衰减相对较慢;水位缓慢卸载阶段,流体对地震活动的触发影响相对较弱,地震自激发不强、衰减相对较快;(3)分阶段来看,蓄水初期库水作用对微震活动的外因触发影响较弱,随库水位的升高及作用时间的增长,流体渗透逐渐发挥作用,孔隙压逐渐增大,流体外因触发作用明显增强,大多数微震活动缘于流体的直接触发(Rb≥95%);足够长的时间之后,由于地下数公里范围在新的载荷及渗透条件下趋于新的平衡,流体渗透影响趋于稳定,孔隙压趋于常数,孔隙压变化趋于0,流体对微震活动的触发作用逐渐减弱. 相似文献
3.
湖南省黄石水库诱发地震的形成条件及成因探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在湖南桃源县黄石水库库区，由于张扭性活断层和深部岩溶的存在，水库蓄水后产生的附加应力场及水库区增强的岩石孔隙流体压力诱发了断层的断滑，使得库区应力集中区和岩溶发育区合二为一的地带发生构造型地震，从而在震活动的时间序列、空间规律，地震与库水位关系，震源深度、震情等方面表现出构造水库诱发地震的特点。 相似文献
4.
多年的实测数据表明,大桥水库的坝前水位年变化约40m,库水对库盆的静压变化大约为4×105Pa,比固体潮的作用大2个量级,水库的蓄水和放水是对库区影响最大的加卸载力源。根据加卸载响应比理论(LURR),用库区的地震频次和能量分别研究在大桥水库诱发M_S4.6地震前后加卸载响应比的变化。结果表明:在大桥水库及附近相对较大的范围和水体附近相对较小的范围内,当库水加载过程中发生小震群时,地震频次加卸载响应比Y_n和C_r值显示高值异常,表明研究区岩石处于临近破裂状态,其后发生4.6级水库诱发地震;蓄水前后地震频次库水加卸载响应比Y_n和C_r值的平均值有明显差异;在大桥水库诱发的4.6级地震前,库水加卸载作用导致的地震频次及能量的加卸载响应比在震前存在明显的高值异常,震后异常消失。大桥4.6级震例表明库水加卸载响应比可有效应用于水库诱发地震的监测预报 相似文献
5.
本文用二维有限元法,将弹性多孔介质中应力-孔隙压耦联理论应用于新丰江水库诱发地震机制的研究。计算中,不仅考虑了均匀、非均匀模型的耦联,还考虑了断层的性质、产状对耦联作用的影响及库水位随时间的变化。 结果表明:附加应力与孔隙压耦联作用是诱发水库地震的重要因素。新丰江水库地震不仅与库区存在的断裂、高密度基底有关,还与库水的加、卸载方式有关。 相似文献
6.
本文以龙滩水库为例,根据库区地质构造、深部速度结构及数字地面高程,建立了库区三维有限元模型,基于孔隙弹性理论计算了水库蓄水过程中库底断层和围岩体孔隙压力、有效附加正应力、剪应力和库伦应力的动态变化,并结合水库蓄水后库区地震活动时空分布的特征,讨论了RIS时空演化与库水加卸载及渗透过程的动态响应关系及其可能的成因机制.结果表明：（1） 龙滩水库蓄水后地震活动呈现出明显的丛集性,主要分布在罗妥（丛Ⅰ）、八茂（丛Ⅱ）、拉浪（丛Ⅲ）、坝首（丛Ⅳ）和布柳河（丛Ⅴ）5个水库蓄水后淹没的深水区,这些区域也恰恰是库水加卸载及渗透过程中ΔCFS增加最明显的区域,而ΔCFS的影区几乎没有地震发生,表明水库蓄水后库区地震活动与ΔCFS的变化密切相关.（2） 在水库蓄水过程中,与水库有直接水力联系且渗透性较好的断裂成为地表水体附加水头压力向深部扩散的优势通道,沿此通道附加水头压力扩散的最大深度达13 km左右,震旦系-古生界以碳酸盐岩为主的地层成为附加水头压力扩散的主体层位,这与蓄水后库区中、小地震震源深度均小于13 km,且优势分布在5~10 km的特征相吻合,表明由于孔隙压力的存在降低了岩石的抗剪强度,同时部分抵消了围压的影响,致使该层位的岩体易于产生脆性破坏从而诱发地震活动.（3） 无论是深部还是浅部,各丛地震密集发生的时段绝大部分与相应深度ΔCFS加速升高或阶段性高值时段相重叠,可能说明在库水位快速抬升或阶段性高值时段,受外部荷载加载速率快速升高的影响,库底岩体和断层、裂隙等结构面更容易实现失稳扩展;深、浅部地震响应时间、活动频度和强度的差异可能与不同层位岩体力学性质及渗透性能的不均匀性有关.（4） 各丛地震诱发的物理力学机制有所不同.丛Ⅰ、丛Ⅱ、丛Ⅲ地震的诱发可能与库体重力荷载、孔隙压力扩散和库水浸润弱化3种作用都有关;丛Ⅳ地震的诱发主要受控于库体重力荷载作用,孔隙压力扩散和库水浸润弱化不起主导作用;丛Ⅴ地震的诱发主要受孔隙压力扩散和库水浸润弱化作用的影响,库体重力荷载作用一定程度上抑制了地震的发生. 相似文献
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针对我国在西南构造活跃区修建的水库蓄水与地震活动的关系,本文对蓄水已长达7年并在高水位运维多个周期的云南小湾水库,采用结合波形互相关技术的双差地震定位法对水库库区及周边地区2005年7月至2014年12月发生的M≥1.0级地震进行了精定位处理,结果显示出明显的地震成丛活动特征,库区内外的地震震源深度差别较大.对地震震源深度、地震活动与水库蓄水水位及b值分析结果表明:小湾水库蓄水后地震活动明显增多,有水库触发地震发生,触发地震主要分布在沿黑惠江(A)和澜沧江流域(B、C)的3组地震丛中,且3个区的触发地震类型均为快速响应型;在水库蓄水响应活动最明显的地震丛集区A,展现出明显的随水库蓄水水体渗透发生地震"迁移"活动的现象;但库区内也存在着与蓄水关系不大的可能属于正常构造地震的活动,而库区外的地震活动与水库蓄水没有什么相关性,很可能是属于正常的构造地震.综合断层展布、岩性分布及震源深度分析,认为水库蓄水引起的溶岩作用和渗透作用及断层活动可能是小湾水库触发地震的主控因素. 相似文献
8.
隔河岩水库诱发地震的环境条件 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
隔河岩水库蓄水后相继发生地震１０００余次,共中最大震级ＭＬ＝３．３。微震活动与水库蓄水过程密切相关,属水库诱发地震。库水渗透、地下水储积、岩溶和现代应力场等因素的研究表明,水库蓄水使库区水文地质环境发生变化,从而诱发了一系列微震。 相似文献
9.
为了解水库蓄水过程中,水库诱发地震活动的动态响应机制,本文建立了针对水库诱发地震(Reservoir-induced seismicity,RIS)定量化研究的数理模型,并以紫坪铺水库为例,对库区地质构造及水文地质结构条件、水库蓄水后库区小震活动时空演化特征进行了详细的研究.在此基础上,利用有限元方法计算了水库蓄水过程中弹性附加应力场、有效附加应力场、孔隙压力和断层稳定性的动态变化,讨论了RIS时空演化与库水加卸载及渗透过程的动态响应关系.结果表明:(1) RIS诱发机制的定量化模型可分为2个层次:一是以孔隙介质为载体的流体渗流对岩体变形和稳定性的影响,由流-固耦合形式的岩体变形与孔隙渗流模型进行描述;二是对断层相关的RIS定量研究可将水库附加水头压力沿断层面(区)的扩散与断层库仑应力变化联系起来.两种形式模型方法的结合能为RIS定量研究提供一个相对宏观的力学框架;(2) 断裂渗透结构对孔隙压力变化下断裂的力学响应具有重要的影响,研究区主干断裂可能属于一种上盘破碎带导水、下盘地层及断层核阻水的"下阻上导型"的渗透结构类型,不同程度的具有使地表水体向深部渗流的通道性.库区深部岩体渗透稳定性的差异在很大程度上导致了诱发地震活动对岩性条件的依赖.(3) 紫坪铺水库蓄水后,小震活动在空间分布上呈现出条带状分布、丛集分布和地震迁移的特点,小震震源深度优势分布在地下4~10 km范围内,在通济场断裂与安县-灌县断裂的深部汇聚区域震源分布最为密集.同时,小震活动主要集中发生在脆性程度高、渗透稳定性低的碳酸盐岩地层中,而在岩性较软弱、渗透稳定性高的三叠系须家河组砂泥岩和煤系地层中很少有地震发生.在水库蓄水后地震活动的时间响应特征上,水库西南侧和东北侧两个丛集区的小震活动可能属于"快速响应型"RIS,而都江堰小震群活动可能属于"滞后响应型"诱发地震活动;(4) RIS的发生与库水加卸载及渗透过程中库底岩体有效应力的变化密切相关.在以挤压为主的构造应力环境中,库体荷载作用的结果一般会使库底断层更趋向稳定,而水库附加水头压力扩散的效应则是促使断层趋向失稳,正是这个矛盾双方相互制约与平衡的动态过程,控制了断层库仑应力变化的取向,从而决定了RIS时空演化的规律. 相似文献
10.
隔河岩水库蓄水前即开始对穿越库区的主要断裂进行监测，并设立了地震观测台网，蓄水后库尾区诱发了一系列微震，形成几次水库诱发地震高潮期。本文通过库区近4年的形变观测资料的初步分析，论述了蓄水后库区地壳的稳定性及诱发地震与断层活动的关系，探讨了今后诱发较大地震的可能性。 相似文献
11.
INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE HEAD CHANGE AND ITS CHANGE RATE ON RESERVOIR TRIGGERED SEISMICITY -A CASE STUDY OF ZIPINGPU RESERVOIR 
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下载免费PDF全文 For analyzing the role that reservoir impounding plays in triggering earthquake, the process of diffusion of pore pressure and its mechanism of action should be understood firstly. The temporal distribution of seismicity, which occurred before the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, following the impoundment of Zipingpu reservoir is studied in this paper. Then the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of reservoir triggered seismicity are discussed. A comparative analysis of the temporal distribution of seismicity and the submerged area by reservoir impounding is carried out firstly. Then the influence of various factors on modeling is analyzed in detail. After calculating, the pore pressure change by the Zipingpu reservoir impoundment is obtained. The following observations are made:(1)Conspicuous swarms of earthquakes, of which the sources are located on the same fault of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, occurred orderly with the impoundment of Zipingpu reservoir.(2)Because of the influences of the terrain and the medium, the range of effect of pore pressure change by the impoundmemt is limited and anisotropic. Hydraulic diffusivities(D)of 0.7 and 0.35m2/s along the fault strike and the fault dip are reached respectively by a semi-quantitative assessment. Of course, the qualitative pressure constraints on the surface are also applied for the modeling.(3)The calculation results show that the temporal distribution of seismicity near the Zipingpu reservoir is related with the pore pressure change. After the pore pressure reached the threshold of triggering earthquake, whether the pressure head change is high or not, the change rate of pressure head change plays a key role in the decrease or increase of seismicity. It means that the triggered seismicity by pore pressure is a dynamic triggering process. 相似文献
12.
Reservoir-induced Seismicity in China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
—A review of case histories of reservoir-induced seismicity (RIS) in China shows that it mainly occurs in granitic and karst terranes. Seismicity in granitic terranes is mainly associated with pore pressure diffusion whereas in karst terranes the chemical effect of water appears to play a major role in triggering RIS. In view of the characteristic features of RIS in China, we can expect moderate earthquakes to be induced by the construction of the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River. 相似文献
13.
Sensitivity of a seismically active reservoir to low-amplitude fluctuations: Observations from Lake Jocassee,South Carolina 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Kusala Rajendran 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,145(1):87-95
Relation between water level changes and pattern of seismicity is an important consideration in studies of Reservoir Induced Seismicity (RIS). Sensitivity of the Regions around Lake Jocassee to small fluctuations in the lake level is presented in this paper. The seismic source regions in the area around the lake seem to be sensitive to changes in the lake level as small as 1 to 1.5 m. Although such changes may produce stress changes of the order of only 0.1 bar, their influence on the spatial pattern of earthquakes seems to be quite perceptible. Observations of this type may help understand the threshold values of pore pressure/effective stress changes that can activate fault zones under high fluid pressure. 相似文献
14.
Earthquake swarms are often assumed to be caused by magmatic or fluid intrusions, where the stress changes in the vicinity
of the intrusion control the position, strength and rate of seismicity. Fracture mechanical models of natural intrusions or
man-made hydrofractures pose constraints on orientation, magnitude, shape and growing rate of fractures and can be used to
estimate stress changes in the vicinity of the intrusions. Although the idea of intrusion-induced seismicity is widely accepted,
specific comparisons of seismicity patterns with fracture models of stress changes are rarely done.
The goal of the study is to review patterns of intrusion-induced earthquake swarms in comparison to the observations of the
swarm in NW Bohemia in 2000. We analyse and discuss the theoretical 3D shape of intrusions under mixed mode loading and apparent
buoyancy. The aspect ratio and form of the intrusion is used to constrain parameters of the fluid, the surrounding rock and
stress. We conclude that the 2000 NW Bohemia swarm could have been driven by a magmatic intrusion. The intrusion was, however,
inclined to the maximal principal stress and caused shear displacement additional to opening. We estimate that the density
diference between magma and rock was small. The feeding reservoir was possibly much larger than the area affected from earthquakes
and may be a vertical dike beneath the swarm region. 相似文献
15.
Introduction Prediction of RIS includes earlier stage prediction and seismic tendency prediction. In earlier stage, the prediction is to predict the possibility and maximum magnitude of RIS before reservoir are built up. It is made up on the basis of geological condition and the definite method and the statistical model method are usually used. The definite method by analogy with geological condi-tion is to analyze and sum up the main conditions of RIS. Using the main conditions compared w… 相似文献
16.
Borehole fluid injections are common for the development of hydrocarbon and geothermic reservoirs. Often they induce numerous microearthquakes. Spatio-temporal dynamics of such induced microseismic clouds can be used to characterize reservoirs. However, a fluid-induced seismicity can be caused by a wide range of processes. Here we show that linear pore pressure relaxation and a hydraulic fracturing are two asymptotic end members of a set of non-linear diffusional phenomena responsible for seismicity triggering. To account for the whole range of processes we propose a rather general non-linear diffusional equation describing the pore pressure evolution. This equation takes into account a possibly strong enhancement of the medium permeability. Both linear pore pressure relaxation and hydraulic fracturing can be obtained as special limiting cases of this equation. From this equation we derive the triggering front of fluid induced seismicity, which is valid in the general case of non-linear pore pressure diffusion. We demonstrate corresponding seismicity signatures on different case studies. 相似文献
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通过实地考察并结合前人的研究成果,在地震地质背景研究的基础上,将长江三峡工程坝址至巫山库段划分为5个预测区共12个预测单元,选用8个诱震因素,运用统计预测模型预测了水库诱发地震的可能性及诱发地震震级。结果表明,库水蓄至最高水位,三峡工程坝址至巫山库段中多数预测单元诱发微震和不发生地震的概率值高,无震可能性较大。但九湾溪断层沿线、仙女山断层库段具备诱发3.0～4.5级或4.5～6.0级地震的可能;考虑到龙会观5.1级地震与高桥断裂的关系,预测结果显示高桥断裂沿线具有诱发强烈水库地震(≥6.0级)的可能性,其预测概率值为0.23 相似文献