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1.
The extent of sterane isomerisation reactions and the moretane/hopane ratios of 234 crude oils, taken world wide, from a wide variety of source rocks of differing geological ages, have been measured.This data indicates that in 78 crude oils derived from Tertiary source rocks, sterane isomerisation reactions as determined by the 20S/(20S + 20R) ration of the C29 5α(H), 14α(H), 17α(H) normal-steranes and the C29 iso/(iso + normal) ratio [iso = 5α (H), 14β(H), 17β(H)] are mainly incomplete and sometimes considerably so. In addition, the same crude oils have 17β(H), 21α(H)-moretane/17α(H), 21β(H)-hopane ratios which are significantly greater (predominantly in the range 0.10–0.30) than those of crude oils derived from older, mature source rocks (mainly less than 0.1).This data, for crude oils, lends support to the hypothesis, proposed by Mackenzie and McKenzie (1983) for source rock extracts, that the time/temperature constraints of sterane isomerisation reactions are such that the time available for isomerisation in Tertiary sediments is generally insufficient, despite generation of crude oil at relatively high temperatures.An alternative hypothesis is that the incomplete sterane isomerisation of Tertiary crude oils may be due to generation of these crude oils from their deltaic, land plant-containing source rocks under low heating conditions.A third hypothesis proposes that the Tertiary crude oils may have picked up the incompletely isomerised steranes from immature sediments during migration. Although possible in particular instances, such a mechanism does not appear to be generally applicable since, in that case, the phenomenon would then appear to be restricted to the Tertiary.The higher moretane/hopane ratios of the Tertiary crude oils could suggest that constraints, similar to those applying in sterane isomerisation, also operate in the conversion of moretane to 17α(H)-hopane.  相似文献   

2.
The hydrocarbon occurrences of asphalts, heavy oils and oil shales in the Dead Sea area and the possible genetic relation between them have been studied. The similarity in organochemical characteristics, i.e., the elemental composition of asphaltenes, the distribution pattern of the saturated hydrocarbons and the predominance of V (over Ni)-porphyrins in both the oils and the asphalts indicate a close relation between them. On the other hand, dissimilarities in the same organochemical characteristics in both the asphalts and the oil shale exclude the hypotheses that asphalt was generated and expelled from the oil shales or that the shales were contaminated by oils. Water washing and biodegradation are considered to be the processes through which preferential depletion of hydrocarbons occurred, altering the oils to asphalts. The burial of the degraded asphalt to a relatively great depth resulted in a secondary generation of small amounts of light saturated hydrocarbons in these asphalts. The oils, which are thought to be the precursors of the asphalts, have either been flushed into the Dead Sea depression from the surrounding elevated areas or have seeped upwards from deep local accumulations in the graben.  相似文献   

3.
根据原油和烃源岩中三芳甾烷及甲基三芳甾烷组成特征,结合稳定碳同位素值,分析了苏北盆地溱潼凹陷红庄油田古近系凝析油的油源特征。结果表明,红庄油田凝析油主要来源于溱潼凹陷深部烃源岩,而并非来自于古近系烃源岩。应用储层岩石流体包裹体测试技术,根据油气包裹体特征及盐水包裹体均一化温度,结合地层埋藏史,分析了红庄油田S245井戴一段砂岩储层流体成藏期次。研究表明,与烃类包裹体共生的盐水包裹体均一化温度分布范围主要介于80～110℃,油气充注时期为新近纪中新世晚期,开始充注的时间大约为6 Ma。  相似文献   

4.
Hydrocarbon potential of the Sargelu Formation,North Iraq   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
Microscopic and chemical analysis of 85 rock samples from exploratory wells and outcrops in northern Iraq indicate that limestone, black shale and marl within the Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation contain abundant oil-prone organic matter. For example, one 7-m (23-ft.)-thick section averages 442 mg?HC/g S2 and 439 °C Tmax (Rock-Eval pyrolysis analyses) and 16 wt.% TOC. The organic matter, comprised principally of brazinophyte algae, dinoflagellate cysts, spores, pollen, foraminiferal test linings and phytoclasts, was deposited in a distal, suboxic to anoxic basin and can be correlated with kerogens classified as type A and type B or, alternatively, as type II. The level of thermal maturity is within the oil window with TAI?=?3? to 3+, based on microspore colour of light yellowish brown to brown. Accordingly, good hydrocarbon generation potential is predicted for this formation. Terpane and sterane biomarker distributions, as well as stable isotope values, were determined for oils and potential source rock extracts to determine valid oil-to-source rock correlations. Two subfamily carbonate oil types—one of Middle Jurassic age (Sargelu) carbonate rock and the other of Upper Jurassic/Cretaceous age—as well as a different oil family related to Triassic marls, were identified based on multivariate statistical analysis (HCA and PCA). Middle Jurassic subfamily A oils from Demir Dagh oil field correlate well with rich, marginally mature, Sargelu source rocks in well MK-2 near the city of Baiji. In contrast, subfamily B oils have a greater proportion of R28 steranes, indicating they were generated from Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous carbonates such as those at Gillabat oil field north of Mansuriyah Lake. Oils from Gillabat field thus indicate a lower degree of correlation with the Sargelu source rocks than do oils from Demir Dagh field. One-dimension petroleum system models of key wells were developed using IES PetroMod Software to evaluate burial-thermal history, source-rock maturity and the timing and extent of petroleum generation; interpreted well logs served as input to the models. The oil-generation potential of sulphur-rich Sargelu source rocks was simulated using closed system type II-S kerogen kinetics. Model results indicate that throughout northern Iraq, generation and expulsion of oil from the Sargelu began and ended in the late Miocene. At present, Jurassic source rocks might have generated and expelled between 70 % and 100 % of their total oil.  相似文献   

5.
A series of biomarkers is used to explore the bio-inputs of source rocks and oils. Oils from the Dongtai sag of the Subei Basirr are characterized by abundant gammacerane and 4-methyl steranes. Both Ef4 and Ef2 source shales contain type-II1 kerogen. Ef4 is different from Ef2 in biomarker distribution and generated oil. The former has higher Pr/Ph and 4-methyl sterane/sterane ratios, but the latter has more abundant β-carotane. The presence of immature oils and source rocks in the Hai’an depression indicates that the immature oils are of commercial value.  相似文献   

6.
借助色谱质谱仪,对黔南坳陷和黔北坳陷凯里残余油藏凯棠剖面液态石油、岩孔古油藏中的热裂解焦沥青和研究区发育的震旦系陡山沱组、下寒武统牛蹄塘组、上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组四套高演化烃源岩的饱和烃和芳烃馏分进行了分析研究。尽管已有研究认为凯里残余油藏和岩孔古油藏的油源岩均是下寒武统牛蹄塘组,但它们具有完全不同的三芳甾类分布与组成。如凯里残余油藏凯棠剖面的液态原油中C28三芳甾烷优势明显,其含量相当于C26+C27三芳甾烷之和的一倍,且三芳甲藻甾烷在甲基三芳甾烷中的含量极低,它与其他甲基三芳甾烷的比值介于0.02~0.05;而在岩孔古油藏的焦沥青中,C26-28三芳甾烷的相对含量呈现C27 >C28 >C26的趋势,三芳甲藻甾烷丰富,它与其他甲基三芳甾烷的比值约为0.50,即比前者高一个数量级,这与研究区四套高演化烃源岩中三芳甾类标志物的分布与组成十分相似。值得注意的是与常规甾、萜烷生物标志物一样,三芳甾类标志物的分布与组成在四套高演化烃源岩中也出现了明显的趋同现象,从而失去了其在油源研究中的实用价值。因此,在利用常规甾、萜烷和三芳甾类标志物开展油源研究时,应尽可能在成熟度相近的地质样品之间进行,且样品的成熟度应限制在生油窗范围内。  相似文献   

7.
柴达木盆地第三系油源对比   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16  
本文利用生物标记化合物,着重讨论了柴达木盆地第三系内陆盐湖相地层中的油源对比问题.主要应用甾烷的母源参数与成熟度参数相结合的方法,和油/岩综合指纹类型曲线对比法.查明了这组同时代但不同成熟度的原油,各有其相应成熟级别(未成熟、低成熟、成熟和高成熟)的源岩.表明它们是不同成烃演化阶段的产物.研究证明,迄今柴达木盆地所找到的石油,大部分是低成熟的,而成熟和高成熟的油气资源还有很大的勘探前景.  相似文献   

8.
北部湾盆地流沙港组二段湖相烃源岩是盆地的主力烃源岩,其中检测到甲藻甾烷和三芳甲藻甾烷,以及丰富的4-甲基甾烷等重要分子化石。通过对北部湾盆地北部地区古近系流二段烃源岩的元素地球化学和有机地球化学特征等分析,研究了富有机质页岩的古氧化还原条件和古盐度,并进行甾类生物标志物对比,探讨了甲藻甾烷,三芳甲藻甾烷和C30-4-甲基甾烷分布特征及其与沟鞭藻的成因关系。研究结果表明:流二段底部富有机质页岩中的C30-4-甲基甾烷和三芳甲藻甾烷丰度呈负相关关系,表明弱还原的淡水—微咸水沉积条件可能不适宜甲藻甾烷和三芳甲藻甾烷的形成,而可以形成高丰度的C30-4-甲基甾烷。油页岩中高丰度的C30-4-甲基甾烷与其较高的成熟度有密切的关系。  相似文献   

9.
塔北隆起雅克拉油气田原油成因特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
针对雅克拉油气田多个含油气层位的原油,进行了一系列的地球化学测试分析,对雅克拉油气田原油的地球化学特征、成因特征进行了解剖。研究结果表明,雅克拉油气田深浅不同层位原油轻烃组成与轻烃单体烃碳同位素、类异戊二烯烷烃组成以及原油与馏分碳同位素组成具有明显的海相原油特征;深浅层原油三环萜烷、C28甾烷、三芳甾烷和甲基三芳甾烷以及原油与馏分碳同位素组成皆具有典型上奥陶统来源油的特征,与寒武-下奥陶统来源油特征差异明显,暗示雅克拉油气田原油来源于上奥陶统烃源层。  相似文献   

10.
The formation of low-maturity asphaltic oils (immature asphalts) from carbonate source rocks was investigated. The Senonian bituminous rocks (SBR) in Israel are organic-rich carbonate rocks that were deposited in a high productivity environment, and they are part of a sedimentary sequence that also contains cherts and phosphorites. The SBR were studied in different basins, and the samples are from outcrops and three deep drillholes. The bitumen contents of the rocks are exceptionally high (up to 700 mg/g Corg), and immature asphalts are found to be associated with them. Geochemical analysis indicates that the bitumens are indigenous to the host SBR, and the associated asphalts are bitumens that have migrated a short distance with negligible chemical fractionation. The high heteroatom content of the kerogens (up to 30%) in the SBR is suggested as a possible cause of the generation of asphaltic oils in an early stage of maturation.  相似文献   

11.
The Masila Basin is an important hydrocarbon province in Yemen, but the origin of hydrocarbons and their generation history are not fully understood. In this regard, 10 crude oils from different petroleum reservoir sections in the Masila Basin were characterized by a variety of biomarker and non-biomarker parameters using GC, GC-MS and stable carbon isotope techniques. Oils from the Masila Basin display pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios ranging from 1.7 to 2.0, low sulfur content, high C35 homohopane index, relatively high C27 sterane concentrations and relatively high tricyclic terpanes suggesting a marine clay source rock that was deposited in mildly anoxic to suboxic conditions with dominantly algal organic matter. C29 20S/(20S + 20R) steranes and ββ/(ββ + αα) sterane ratios indicate that the Masila oils have reached peak oil window maturity. Another related feature of these oils is the absence of 18α (H)-oleanane, which suggests a source age older than Cretaceous. The carbon isotope compositions are similar to those of the potential source rocks, which range from −25.4‰ to −28.3‰, indicating a marine environment. The new data presented in this paper suggest that the Masila oils constitute one oil family and that the oil originated from the Upper Jurassic Madbi source rock in the basin.  相似文献   

12.
羌资11、12井是羌塘盆地揭示隆鄂尼-昂达尔错古油藏展布规律的资料井。对这2口钻井揭示的含油岩层进行取样分析,结合前人该区石油地质调查报告中羌资2井布曲组、夏里组及曲色组烃源岩的分析数据,从类异戊二烯烃、甾烷、萜烷等系列生物标志化合物参数方面进行油-岩对比研究。研究表明,羌资11、12井揭示的原油为同一种类型,但11井原油生物降解程度强于12井。各原油的母质主要来源于低等水生生物和藻类;各原油的母质形成于还原-弱还原、盐度值不高的咸水环境。原油中类异戊二烯烃、萜烷、甾烷等生物标志化合物参数与羌资2井布曲组泥晶灰岩与夏里组和曲色组烃源岩之间具有较好的亲缘性。结合南羌塘地区烃源岩有机碳资料,油源可能主要来自于曲色组,混入了部分夏里组及布曲组的油源,具有混源的特征。该研究结果对下一步油气勘探具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

13.
The geochemical characteristics of crude oils from Zao-V oil measures in the Shen-jiapu oilfield are systematically described in terms of the fractional composition of crude oils, GC characteristics of saturated hydrocarbon fraction of crude oils and the characteristics of their bio-markers. The deposifional environment, type and evolution of the biological source are also discussed. All pieces of evidence such as low saturated hydrocarbon fraction, high resin and asphalt, high isoprenoid alkane, weak odd-carbon number predominance ( CPI ranging from 1.23 to 1,29, OEP ranging from 1.14 to 1.16) and low sterane and terpane maturity parameters show these crude oils are immature oils. Low Pr/Ph ratios (0.66 -0.88) and high gammacer-ante/C31 hopane ratios ( 0.59 - 0.86 ) indicate the source rocks were formed in a slightly saline to brackish reducing lake depositional environment. Gas chromatographic characteristics of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction and the predominance of C30 hopane in terpane series and C29 sterane in sterane series indicate the biological source of the crude oils is composed mainly of bacterial and algal organic matter, and some algae are perhaps the main contributor of organic matter to the source rocks.  相似文献   

14.
对鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区中侏罗统直罗组砂岩中烃类包裹体进行镜下观察、描述，利用压碎抽提法对烃类包裹体进行色谱—质谱分析，并与白垩系油苗、三叠系油砂及源岩抽提物进行对比，目的是探讨其来源。包裹体油生物标志物成熟度参数，C29ααα甾烷20S/(S+R)、C32αβ藿烷22S/(S+R)比值基本达到平衡值，利用甲基菲指数计算的镜质体反射率参数介于0.64%～0.82％之间，显示包裹体中石油烃已接近成熟—成熟热演化阶段；物质来源及沉积环境参数，ααα20R甾烷百分含量C27>C28相似文献   

15.
1 Introduction Since the 1990’s of the 20th century, oil & gas geochemists have shifted their research focus on hydrocarbon source rocks in the past to that on reservoir rocks and oil reservoirs at present; their research field has been expanded from oil & gas exploration to the assessment of oil reservoirs and production & management. Therefore, reservoir geochemistry as a branch disciplinary of organic geochemistry is now attracting great concern of many oil & gas explorers and oilfield en…  相似文献   

16.
塔中421井和塔中402井石炭系油层2个原油样和8个油砂样连续抽提组分甾烷、萜烷分布特征和正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成具有明显的差异,具有不同的来源。塔中421井上石炭统3个油砂样自由态组分、束缚态组分和油气包裹体具有伽马蜡烷和C28甾烷相对含量高、正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成重的特征,划分为Ⅰ类原油,对比认为主要来源于寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩。塔中421井和塔中402井上石炭统的2个油样具有伽马蜡烷和C28甾烷相对含量低、并且正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成轻的特征,划分为Ⅱ类原油,其来源尚不明确。塔中402井石炭系上、中和下统的5个油砂样各类组分具有介于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类原油之间的特征,为Ⅰ和Ⅱ类原油的混合物。5个油砂样从自由态组分、束缚态组分至油气包裹体Ⅰ类原油含量依次增高,Ⅱ类原油含量依次降低。2口井8个油砂样从自由态组分、束缚态组分至油气包裹体C23三环萜烷／（C23三环萜烷＋C30藿烷）和C21／（C21＋∑C29）甾烷比值都依次降低,反映了油气充注过程中,原油成熟度不断升高。塔中4井区储层油砂不同吸附态烃类分子与碳同位素的研究结果反映塔中4油田具有多种油气来源,经历长期油气充注过程,寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩在地史上对该区具有成烃贡献。  相似文献   

17.
Thirty one crude oil samples from Lower Cretaceous reservoirs in southern Iraq were analyzed using bulk property and molecular methods to determine their maturity and biomarker characteristics, as well as to obtain information on their respective source rocks. All the oils are unaltered, non-biodegraded, have high sulfur content and API gravity is in the range for light to heavy oil (19–40° API). They are characterized by low Pr/Ph values, even/odd predominance and front-end biased n-alkane distributions. Based on these parameters the oils were generated and expelled from a marine carbonate source rock bearing Type II-S kerogen. Compositional similarities of hopane and sterane biomarkers with those from potential source rocks allowed identification of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Sulaiy and Yamama carbonate succession as the effective source beds. A similar composition of normal and isoprenoid hydrocarbons among the oils suggests an origin from a common source rock. However, biomarker maturity ratios indicate a wide range of maturity. This appears to result from the type of burial history of the source rock, characterized by a slow passage through the liquid window interval during an extended period of geologic time.  相似文献   

18.
南方四套区域性高、过成熟海相烃源岩的地球化学特征有:(1)干酪根显微组分以Ⅱ型为主;各层系干酪根和沥青"A"的δ13C随时代变新而变重,反映了高等植物输入的增多。(2)上古生界烃源岩沥青"A"和总烃含量比过成熟的下古生界烃源岩高出6～10倍;与相同层系低成熟烃源岩比较,高、过成熟烃源岩已大量排烃。(3)下古生界烃源岩抽提物正烷烃的双峰型分布代表了两类具不同脂肪链结构的藻类输入;上古生界既有双峰型又有单峰型分布,反映了水生生物与高等植物的不同贡献。(4)Pr/Ph比和甾、萜烷常规生物标志物的分布在高、过成熟热演化阶段已经趋同和失效,难以区分不同层系烃源岩和用作油源对比。(5)三芳甾烷、甲基三芳甾烷,特别是三芳甲藻甾烷等生物标志物,可以区分不同地区、不同层系烃源岩,并可用作油源对比。  相似文献   

19.
在海拉尔盆地外围及周边地区选取了31块侏罗系野外烃源岩分析样品,进行了总有机碳、岩石中可溶有机质的抽提和岩石热解分析;针对该区侏罗系烃源岩,共对17口井岩心进行了取样地化分析,利用气相色谱-质谱对烃源岩氯仿抽提物及重要生物标志化合物开展了定性与定量检测,目的是对源岩地球化学特征进行系统评价,为下一步油气基础地质调查奠定基础.结果表明,海拉尔盆地外围及周边地区的侏罗系部分的烃源岩有机质丰度较高,应具备较好的生烃物质基础.海拉尔盆地侏罗系烃源岩总体属于淡水-半咸水环境,有机质类型多样,成熟度普遍较高.甾类化合物中以规则甾烷为主,沉积物中具有较高丰度的以五环三萜烷为主的三环萜烷化合物,显示了其应以藻类生源为主,高等植物为主的陆相沉积中的相对含量则较低.伽马蜡烷的含量普遍很低.OEP呈偶碳数优势,并且缺失高分子正构烷烃,说明烃源岩成熟度演化早期受到了微生物降解作用.  相似文献   

20.
The northern South China Sea margin has experienced a rifting stage and a post-rifting stage during the Cenozoic.In the rifting stage,the margin received lacustrine and shallow marine facies sediments.In the post-rifting thermal subsidence,the margin accumulated shallow marine facies and hemipelagic deposits,and the decpwater basins formed.Petroleum systems of deepwater setting have been imaged from seismic data and drill wells.Two kinds of source rocks including Paleogene lacustrine black shale and Oligocene-Early Miocene mudstone were developed in the deepwater basin of the South China Sea.The deepwater reservoirs are characterized by the deep sea channel fill,mass flow complexes and drowned reef carbonate platform.Profitable capping rocks on the top are mudstoues with huge thickness in the post-rifting stage.Meanwhile,the faults developed during the rifting stage provide a migration path favournble for the formation of reservoirs.The analysis of seismic and drilling data suggests that the joint structural and stratigraphic traps could form giant hydrocarbon fields and hydrocarbon reservoirs including syn-rifting graben subaqueous delta,decpwater submarine fan sandstone and reef carbonate reservoirs.  相似文献   

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