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利用同步辐射X射线荧光技术,对人工合成金刚石以及产自山东、辽宁、湖南的天然金刚石进行了微量元素的测试分析。结果表明,在合成金刚石中,检测到了第四周期的元素(除As、Ge、Kr和Br外)和Pb;其中Fe、Co、Ni相对含量高,可能是合成时触媒的混入引起的。天然金刚石中检测到的微量元素有Ca、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、W、Au和Pb,但相对含量比合成金刚石中相应的微量元素相对含量低。不同产地的天然金刚石中的微量元素种类及含量存在差异,反映了金刚石地幔生长环境的不同及岩浆对金刚石生长过程的影响。 相似文献
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当前大量的研究集中在天然产出的金刚石上, 而人工合成金刚石的研究往往容易被忽视。对人工合成金刚石进行详细的研究, 结合已有天然金刚石的认知有利于揭示天然金刚石形成过程, 有利于天然金刚石的鉴定。本研究综合利用显微镜、纳米离子探针、拉曼光谱、阴极发光等分析技术, 对人工合成金刚石的晶体结构、包裹体、微区碳同位素、以及阴极发光图像等特征进行了详细的研究。研究揭示其阴极发光图像与天然宝石级金刚石有明显的区别, 二次离子探针数据进一步表明其阴极发光图像的明暗差异与金刚石中微量元素氮的含量高低有关。 相似文献
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在有关金刚石的文献中,对天然金刚石或人造金刚石性质都有论述.但是这些论著的研究对象都以天然金刚石或人造金刚石单晶体、连生体和多晶体原始特征为主,而对从废旧钻头中回收的人造金刚石性质则很少研究. 近年来,我们在室内大量回收人造金刚石并对其性质进行的研究表明,热压烧结过程引起人造金刚石的溶解与再生长.我们认为,这是导致烧结后的人造金刚石晶形、粒度、强度等性能发生变化的原因之一.因此,如何控制烧结过程中人造金刚石不产生或少产生缺陷,也就是如何保持人造金刚石性质不受或少受影响,对提高人造 相似文献
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英国在矿山勘探中采用的金刚石钻头有表镶式天然金刚石钻头、孕镶式天然金刚石钻头和孕镶式人造金刚石钻头。表镶钻头用的天然金刚石，按范摩普（L.M.VANMOPPES）公司分为八类（见表1）。 相似文献
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现代世界上先进的岩芯钻探,主要是使用金刚石钻头伴同硬质合金钻头钻进各种岩石,间或配用冲击回转钻具,加快钻进速度,统称金刚石岩芯钻探.所用金刚石钻头,有天然金刚石钻头和人造金刚石钻头.后者是新近发展起来的一项新技术. 据有关资料记载,天然金刚石钻头应用于钻探生产已有一百多年的历史.1862年瑞典制造出第一个天然金刚石钻头,这是用手工铆镶的大颗粒天然金刚石钻头,金刚石粒度为1～2颗/克拉.这样的钻头一直延用了七十多年.由于大颗粒天然金刚石产量有限,价值昂贵,一些发达的资本主义国家于1936至1937年,开始采用粉末冶金法制造表镶天然金刚石钻头,金刚石粒度小到135～47颗/克拉.1940至1945年间,欧洲的一些国家开始研究采用小于46目的细粒廉价天然金刚石制造孕镶金刚石钻头.随着工业的发展,天然金刚石越来越满足不了日益增长的需要,为了解决金刚石 相似文献
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过去认为温度和压力对金刚石的形成起着主要的控制作用,现在研究证实除了温度和压力外,氧逸度在金刚石的形成过程中同样起着不可缺少的作用。本文收集总结了国内外在这方面研究的最新成果,包括上地幔的氧逸度及其测定方法,形成金刚石的碳的来源、金刚石形成时的流体状态、金刚石的最新成因模式、氧逸度与金刚石的保存等等。最后认为岩石圈的底部,即氧化还原状态变化较大的岩石圈—软流圈的结合处是最有利于天然金刚石形成的部位。这一点已被天然金刚石包裹体的研究所证实。 相似文献
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金刚石中过渡金属的研究现状 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了揭示金刚石的合成机理与过渡金属杂质离子对金刚石物理性质的影响，国内外展开了对合成金刚石及天然金刚石中镍，钴和铁等过渡金属杂质的实验与理论研究，各种吸收与发光光谱法和电子顺磁共振，被用于金刚石中过渡金属离子赋存状态的研究中，结果表明镍、钴离子可以间隙形式或替代方式进入晶格。 相似文献
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D. A. Zedgenizov A. A. Kalinin V. V. Kalinina Yu. N. Pal’yanov V. S. Shatsky 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,466(1):32-37
The results of the investigations of the transformation of impurity defects in natural diamonds of various habits at the stage of high-temperature annealing at P = 6 GPa and T = 2200°C are presented. The studies conducted allowed us to ascertain that the transformations of Aand B-defects in diamonds of octahedral and cubic habits follow general regularities. This fact shows that most of the diamonds of cubic habit with low degree of aggregation of nitrogen centers were not really annealed over a long-term interval. Unlike octahedral diamonds, those of cubic habit are characterized by a pronounced increase in the peak of H-containing defects (3107 cm–1) after annealing. 相似文献
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对采自我国3个商业性产地山东蒙阴、辽宁瓦房店、湖南常德地区的236片/颗天然钻石样品进行了系统的DiamondViewTM(DV)荧光图像分析,结合CL照相和FTIR的定量计算,探讨了钻石样品DV图像发光结构模式和荧光颜色方面的差异性及其原因。结果表明,3个产地钻石的DV图像和CL图像显示的钻石生长结构基本一致;钻石的发光结构模式与钻石内部氮、氢元素的种类和浓度分布趋势没有明显的一致性,DV图像模式并不完全受钻石类型控制,但DV图像的色调与钻石存在的杂质元素及晶体缺陷有关。钻石的DV图像特征受钻石的生长环境、结晶条件、后期熔蚀、辐照损伤等因素综合制约。从统计学的角度看,3个产地钻石的DV发光模式和荧光颜色有一定的差异,这种差异可以作为区分不同产地来源的钻石的宏观的统计学特征。DiamondViewTM技术在揭示天然钻石生长结构方面和CL发光照相技术效果近似,但更加便利。 相似文献
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Platelets are one of the most common defects occurring in natural diamonds but their behaviour has not previously been well understood. Recent technical advances, and a much improved understanding of the correct interpretation of the main infrared (IR) feature associated with platelets (Speich et al. 2017), facilitated a systematic study of platelets in 40 natural diamonds. Three different types of platelet behaviour were identified here. Regular diamonds show linear correlations between both B-centre concentrations and platelet density and also between platelet size and platelet density. Irregular diamonds display reduced platelet density due to platelet breakdown, anomalously large or small platelets and a larger platelet size distribution. These features are indicative of high mantle storage temperatures. Finally, a previously unreported category of subregular diamonds is defined. These diamonds experienced low mantle residence temperatures and show smaller than expected platelets. Combining the systematic variation in platelet density with temperatures of mantle storage, determined by nitrogen aggregation, we can demonstrate that platelet degradation proceeds at a predictable rate. Thus, in platelet-bearing diamonds where N aggregation is complete, an estimate of annealing temperature can now be made for the first time. 相似文献
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无色-近无色高温高压合成钻石的谱图特征及其鉴别方法 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
实验室发现大量小颗粒的无色高温高压(HPHT)合成钻石与天然钻石混杂镶嵌在各种饰品中,前人提出荧光和磷光特征是主要的快速区分特征,然而荧光、磷光特征的差异并不能完全将HPHT合成钻石与天然钻石区分开来。本文将常规的宝石学观察分析与多种高精度谱学测试相结合,对五粒不同的无色-近无色HPHT合成钻石样品进行深入研究。结果表明,五粒钻石在紫外可见吸收光谱无270 nm吸收或是只有极弱的270 nm吸收,随着颜色级别的降低,270 nm吸收越明显。红外光谱测试显示,各粒样品中都含有不等量的硼元素。光致发光光谱测试表明,HPHT合成钻石含有与微量N、Ni、Si等相关的晶格缺陷。超短波紫外光源激发下,所有的HPHT合成钻石都有强磷光,在钻石观察仪下可以观测到清晰的八面体和立方体分区特征。显然,不同的合成钻石的特征略有差异,但综合其荧光及磷光特征以及红外、紫外、光致发光光谱特征,可以准确地将无色HPHT合成钻石与对应的天然钻石区分开来。 相似文献
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A.L. Ragozin D.A. Zedgenizov V.S. Shatsky K.E. Kuper 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(5):486-498
Mosaic diamonds from the Zarnitsa kimberlite (Daldyn field, Yakutian diamondiferous province) are morphologicaly and structurally similar to dark gray mosaic diamonds of varieties V and VII found frequently in placers of the northeastern Siberian craton. However, although being similar in microstructure, the two groups of diamonds differ in formation mechanism: splitting of crystals in the case of placer diamonds (V and VII) and growth by geometric selection in the Zarnitsa kimberlite diamonds. Selective growth on originally polycrystalline substrates in the latter has produced radial micro structures with grains coarsening rimward from distinctly polycrystalline cores. Besides the formation mechanisms, diamonds of the two groups differ in origin of mineral inclusions, distribution of defects and nitrogen impurity, and carbon isotope composition. Unlike the placer diamonds of varieties V and VII, the analyzed crystals from the Zarnitsa kimberlite enclose peridotitic minerals (olivines and subcalcic Cr-bearing pyropes) and have total nitrogen contents common to natural kimberlitic diamonds (0 to 1761 ppm) and typical mantle carbon isotope compositions (-1.9 to -6.2%c 513C; -4.2%c on average). The distribution of defect centers in the Zarnitsa diamond samples fits the annealing model implying that nitrogen aggregation decreases from core to rim. 相似文献
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辐射处理金刚石的谱学研究及其意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用傅立叶显微红外光谱、紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱、低温光致发光谱、拉曼光谱等4种谱学方法,对10颗辐照改色（R1-R10）的彩色天然金刚石进行了研究。利用可见吸收光谱和低温光致发光谱研究了金刚石石中的点缺陷产生系列的色心峰,指出在可见吸收光谱中除了有N3心吸收峰外,还可见595和637色心峰;在低温光致发光谱中发现有色心组合峰575,595和637等的出现,此组合峰与近红外区4929cm^-1处的H1b和5156cm^-1处的H1C色心峰共同存时,不仅是辐照处理绿色金刚石的鉴定证据,也是辐照处理各种彩色金刚石的重要的标志之一。本研究为辐射处理金刚石的鉴别和工艺流程提供了新的谱学依据和思路。 相似文献
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Structural defects formed as a result of plastic deformation in natural diamond crystals have been studied by EPR spectroscopy. The spectra of brown, pink-brown, black-brown, pink-purple, and gray plastically deformed diamonds of type Ia from deposits in Yakutia and the Urals were recorded. The results of EPR spectroscopy allowed us to identify various deformation centers in the structure of natural diamonds and to show that nitrogen centers were transformed under epigenetic mechanical loading. Abundant A centers, consisting of two isomorphic nitrogen atoms located in neighboring structural sites, were destroyed as a result of this process to form a series of N1, N4, W7, M2, and M3 nitrogen centers. Such centers are characterized by an anisotropic spatial distribution and a positive charge, related to the mechanism of their formation. In addition, N2 centers (probably, deformation-produced dislocations decorated by nitrogen) were formed in all plastically deformed diamonds and W10 and W35 centers (the models have not been finally ascertained) were formed in some of them. It has been established that diamonds with various types of deformation-induced color contain characteristic associations of these deformation centers. The diversity of associations of deformation centers indicates appreciable variations in conditions of disintegration of deep-seated rocks, transfer of diamonds to the Earth’s surface, and formation of kimberlitic deposits. Depending on the conditions of mechanical loading, the diamond crystals were plastically deformed by either dislocation gliding or mechanical twinning. Characteristic features of plastic deformation by dislocation gliding are the substantial prevalence of the N2 centers over other deformation centers and the occurrence of the high-spin W10 and W35 centers. The attributes of less frequent plastic deformation by mechanical twinning are unusual localization of the M2 centers and, in some cases, the N1 centers in microtwinned lamellae. Numerous data on models of deformation centers in natural diamonds, including the M2 and M3 centers, which were observed in the studied collection for the first time, are discussed. 相似文献
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A.P Yelisseyev N.P. Pokhilenko J.W. Steeds D.A. Zedgenizov V.P. Afanasiev 《Lithos》2004,77(1-4):83-97
Confocal photoluminescence (PL) and local absorption spectroscopy were used to study the types and spatial distribution of point defects in coated diamonds, the input of which is about 30% in the Snap Lake deposit, Canada. Nitrogen concentration is on the level of several hundreds of ppm in the core, with a nitrogen-poor layer in its outer part, whereas in the coat it is usually several times higher as a result of fast growth. Nitrogen defects in the core are strongly aggregated with N3, B and B′-forms dominating, whereas A-defects are typical of the coat. The rounded shape of the coated diamonds is a result of the combined effect of partial dissolution of the octahedral core and the “abnormal” growth of the coat, which produces a fibrous structure. Analysis of PL and PL excitation spectra showed that structureless yellow-green PL of the coat is likely to be due to nickel-nitrogen complexes with their fine structure broadened in the strain fields. The presence of irradiation/annealing products such as vacancies V0 and nitrogen-vacancy complexes NV−, N2V2 shows that the diamonds studied have undergone post-growth ionizing irradiation with further low-temperature annealing in natural conditions. 相似文献
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Zoning of diamonds from the Mir kimberlite pipe: Results of Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Plates prepared of diamonds from the Mir kimberlite pipe were examined with FTIR spectroscopy. It is shown that B1 defects were formed by annealing during crystal growth, whereas B2 centers arose after growth cessation. The development of B2 centers in a natural diamond is the secondary process with respect to the aggregation of the nitrogen admixture. The kinetics of this process is related to the breakdown of an oversaturated solid solution. The results obtained make it possible to estimate the temperature and duration of natural diamond growth. 相似文献