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藏南裂谷系的研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在青藏高原的南部发育了数条近南北走向的巨型构造,地质学者通常称之为"藏南裂谷系",目前对该裂谷系虽有所研究,但对它们的形成机制、深浅部构造关系等仍存在很大的争议。通过综述前人对藏南裂谷系的地质学、地球化学、地球物理学等特性,及其与尼泊尔地震的关系,对该裂谷系的形成机制进行论述,认为藏南裂谷的形成机制与典型意义上的大陆裂谷可能不同。 相似文献
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东亚大陆伸展和裂谷作用与动力学 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
大陆岩石圈的伸展作用是块体分裂，大陆解体和漂移过程中必需的第一步，而伸展作用的模式则取决于驱动力系和大陆岩石圈的反响。所以不同类型裂谷的形成与地球深部地壳与地幔结构，深层过程及其力学机制密切相关。这是回答控制大陆生长与为什么会开裂的关键所在。本文在研究了系列裂谷构造的基点上，阐述了大陆裂谷的特点，地壳与地幔构造背景和地球物理场特征。论述了裂谷形成和其分类，讨论了我国攀西裂谷和莱茵地堑的深层过程。由 相似文献
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深地震测深是地球科学中一项基础性研究工作,在揭示地球内部结构及地球动力学过程方面起着重要作用。近十几年来,我国开展了大规模的地壳深部探测工作,获得了大量的含有地壳和上地幔结构信息的地震记录。在这些资料的基础上,我们得到一批有关地壳结构的有意义的结果,大大地加深了对我国大陆地壳结构的认识,并且在研究大地构造,地壳演化、成矿规律以及地震成因等方面也取得较大进展。然而,对地 相似文献
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在4条实测高精度重、磁剖面及MT剖面探测的基础上,结合区域地质资料及野外地质研究,对辽吉古元古代裂谷（简称辽吉裂谷）边界、内部地质结构和基底组成等深部地质问题进行了论述。 新获取的非震地球物理剖面为揭示辽吉裂谷的深部地质结构提供了重要信息,在MT剖面上发现沿连山关—赛马一线存在一个明显的南倾构造界面,该界面为控制辽吉裂谷北部边界的伸展断裂构造面,以往认为在本溪市—本溪县一线辽河群分布的北部边界应为辽吉裂谷的古地理边界;证实南北辽河群岩相的差异主要是由相变造成的;MT剖面揭示出辽吉裂谷内部具有复式褶皱结构特征,基底埋深可达10km以上;区域地质研究及重磁电联合反演结果表明辽吉裂谷的基底主要发育2种类型：一是太古代表壳岩花岗岩型;二是太古代花岗岩-古元古代花岗岩型。 相似文献
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南北地震带中段地震活动的板块动力学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在大陆造山带研究的最新成果基础上论述了南北地震带中段地壳的定变过程，结合造山带内部的高温韧性滑脱构造及地球物理深部探测成果和新生代以来的板块运动探讨了南北地震 段地震的地壳动力学过程及成因机制。 相似文献
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本文从部分地球物理资料出发,初步探讨了中国南北地震带北段(贺兰山—六盘山地震带)、中段(天水—武都、文县—川西北地震带)地壳和上地慢的结构特征。 根据对有关资料的分析研究,初步得出中国南北地震带北段、中段深部地震环境的主要特点: 地震带下部的上地幔顶面呈带状隆起:银川地堑地区上地幔顶面带状隆起的轴向呈北北东向;西吉、海原、固原地区呈北西向;天水—武都地区呈近南北向。 强烈地震的断层走向、震中迁移方向与软流圈顶面等深线轴向方向一致。 强烈地震往往发生在深部构造与浅部构造在深部的交汇区,如天水、武都地区。 强烈地震与壳内高导层和上地幔高导层的局部隆起和拗陷有关。 进而尝试性的分析了深部环境与地震孕育发生的关系。最后文章讨论了深部地震环境对中长期地震预报和地震成因研究的意义 相似文献
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印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞是新生代全球最重要的地质事件,由此青藏高原快速隆升,成为了世界第三极,并不断向外扩展,其内部大型断裂体系发育、地质构造复杂、地震及火山活动性强烈。青藏高原东部及其周边地区作为研究高原隆升、深部变形的动力学机制的天然试验场,也是国际地学领域、地球物理与大陆动力学领域的一个重要焦点。本文根据第八届青藏高原东部构造与地球物理研讨会（WTGTP2020）的学术报告,对高原深部结构与动力学研究的一些新进展进行阐述。本次研讨会对青藏高原及其周边地区岩石圈结构、变形机制及物质运移动力学模式等关键问题进行了较为系统的讨论,围绕青藏高原的形成演化历史,从深部构造与岩浆变质响应,到浅部地表过程以及其对资源气候的影响进行探讨研究,将地球深部动力学、地表过程和气候变化等不同圈层的相互作用有机地联系在一起。 相似文献
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国外新构造研究进展述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
过去10多年间,新构造学的研究前沿集中在地表过程和地壳过程相互作用的理论模型和实际观察方面。文中从造山带构造、地表侵蚀过程和气候的相互作用,大陆裂谷带中裂谷段的相互作用,横向水系和夷平面等4个方面介绍了国外的最新研究进展并给予评述。作者认为:在地球动力学模型中包括了地表过程是认识造山带和裂开边缘发育的明显进步;横向水系和夷平面成因的地貌学经典概念依然具有生命力 相似文献
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正确理解亚东—东巧—葫芦湖构造带的形成与属性对深化认识青藏高原的地壳形变、物质运动的行为与轨迹和深层动力过程极为重要.通过较系统的多元要素分析和研究发现：（1）基于壳、幔结构的空间展布特征表明,这是一条在EW向拉张力系作用下的陆内裂谷带;（2）强烈地震的活动与发生、大地热流异常值展布和地幔对流应力场研究证明,它是一条现今活动的大陆裂谷带;（3）该裂谷带的形成与演化乃地球内部物质与能量强烈交换的产物. 相似文献
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Di-Cheng Zhu Zhi-Dan Zhao Yaoling Niu Xuan-Xue Mo Sun-Lin Chung Zeng-Qian Hou Li-Quan Wang Fu-Yuan Wu 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2011,301(1-2):241-255
The Lhasa Terrane in southern Tibet has long been accepted as the last geological block accreted to Eurasia before its collision with the northward drifting Indian continent in the Cenozoic, but its lithospheric architecture, drift and growth histories and the nature of its northern suture with Eurasia via the Qiangtang Terrane remain enigmatic. Using zircon in situ U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic and bulk-rock geochemical data of Mesozoic–Early Tertiary magmatic rocks sampled along four north–south traverses across the Lhasa Terrane, we show that the Lhasa Terrane has ancient basement rocks of Proterozoic and Archean ages (up to 2870 Ma) in its centre with younger and juvenile crust (Phanerozoic) accreted towards its both northern and southern edges. This finding proves that the central Lhasa subterrane was once a microcontinent. This continent has survived from its long journey across the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean basins and has grown at the edges through magmatism resulting from oceanic lithosphere subduction towards beneath it during its journey and subsequent collisions with the Qiangtang Terrane to the north and with the Indian continent to the south. Zircon Hf isotope data indicate significant mantle source contributions to the generation of these granitoid rocks (e.g., ~ 50–90%, 0–70%, and 30–100% to the Mesozoic magmatism in the southern, central, and northern Lhasa subterranes, respectively). We suggest that much of the Mesozoic magmatism in the Lhasa Terrane may be associated with the southward Bangong–Nujiang Tethyan seafloor subduction beneath the Lhasa Terrane, which likely began in the Middle Permian (or earlier) and ceased in the late Early Cretaceous, and that the significant changes of zircon εHf(t) at ~ 113 and ~ 52 Ma record tectonomagmatic activities as a result of slab break-off and related mantle melting events following the Qiangtang–Lhasa amalgamation and India–Lhasa amalgamation, respectively. These results manifest the efficacy of zircons as a chronometer (U–Pb dating) and a geochemical tracer (Hf isotopes) in understanding the origin and histories of lithospheric plates and in revealing the tectonic evolution of old orogenies in the context of plate tectonics. 相似文献
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EVIDENCES OF THE LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF THE ANGREN SEGMENT OF THE YARLUNG TSANGPO FAULT ZONE 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone, one of the most important geological interfaces in the Yarlung Tsangbo suture zone which is a huge geotectonic boundary with nearly east-west-trending in southern Tibet Plateau, has undergone a long-term tectonic evolution. Studying this fault zone can help us understand the development and evolution history of the suture zone and the tectonic mechanism of subduction-collision about the Tibet Plateau, so it has always been a hot topic in the field of geology. Most of existing data suggest that the current tectonic activity in southern Tibet is given priority to the rift system with nearly north-south-trending, and the Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone with nearly east-west-trending has relatively weaker activity since late Quaternary. There are only some evidences of Holocene activity found in the Lulang town section near eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and there are few reports about the reliable geological evidences of late Quaternary activity of the section on the west of Milin County of the fault zone.
Based on image interpretation, field investigation and chronological method, we found several fault profiles along the Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone near the Angren Lake in this study. These profiles reveal that loose fault gouge has been developed on the fault plane which nearly extends to the surface and offsets the loess sediments and its overlying alluvial-proluvial gravels. The loess is characterized by coarser grains, higher content of fine sand and tiny small gravels. The results of the two OSL dating samples collected in the loess are(94.68±6.51)ka and(103.84±5.14)ka respectively, showing that the loess revealed at the Angren site should be the middle-late Pleistocene sand loess distributed on the high-terraces along the Yarlung Tsangpo River. Consequently, the Angren segment of the Yarlung Tsangpo fault zone is active since the late Quaternary. In addition, synchronous left-lateral offsets of a series of small gullies and beheaded gullies can be seen near the profiles along the fault, which are the supporting evidence for the late Quaternary activity of the fault.
However, the segment with obvious geomorphology remains is relatively short, and no evidence of late Quaternary activity have been found in other sections on the west of Milin County of the Yarlung Tsangpo fault zone. Existing data show that, in the southern Tibet, a series of near NS-trending rift systems are strongly active since the late Quaternary, cutting almost all of the near east-west-trending tectonic belts including the Yarlung Tsangpo fault zone. In addition, majority of the earthquakes occurring in southern Tibet are related to the NS-trending rift systems. Tectonic images show that the Angren segment locates between the Shenzha-Dingjie rift and the Dangreyong Lake-Gu Lake rift. These two adjacent rifts are special in the rift system in southern Tibet:Firstly, the two rifts are located in the conversion position of the trend of the whole rift system; Secondly, the size of the two rifts varies significantly between the north side and the south side of the Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone. Thirdly, the Shenzha-Dingjie rift seems to be of right-lateral bending, while the Dangreyong Lake-Gu Lake rift shows left-lateral bending. These characteristics may lead to the fact that the amount of absorption and accommodation of the rift activities in the north side of the Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone is larger than that in the south side during the migration of the plateau materials, leading to the differential movement of the block between the two sides of the fault zone. Therefore, the Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone possesses the accommodating tectonic activity, of course, the intensity of this accommodating activity is limited and relatively weaker, which may be the reason why it is difficult to find large-scale tectonic remains characterizing the late Quaternary activity along the fault zone. The scale of the rift system in southern Tibet is systematically different between the two sides of the Yarlung Tsangbo fault zone, so it cannot be ruled out that there are also weak activities similar to the Angren segment in other sections of the fault zone. 相似文献
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吕苗苗 《CT理论与应用研究》2019,28(2):175-186
青藏高原因其复杂的结构和演化历史,一直都是研究大陆碰撞、构造运动及其动力学的热点区域。本文采用三重震相波形拟合技术,基于中国地震观测台网和大型流动台阵记录到的某地震P波垂向记录,获得了包括拉萨、南羌塘和松潘甘孜地块在内的青藏高原上地幔P波速度结构。结果表明:①拉萨和南羌塘地块下方地幔过渡带存在高速异常,推测是俯冲的印度板片滞留体,过渡带底部的板片残余温度较低,使得660-km相变滞后约3～8km。而松潘甘孜地块下方过渡带同样存在高速异常,可能是欧亚岩石圈发生拆沉进入地幔过渡带所致。这说明印度板块俯冲作用的影响已经到达地幔过渡带,其俯冲前缘位于班公怒江缝合带附近。②从拉萨、南羌塘到松潘甘孜地块,200km之上的地幔岩石圈高速盖层速度由南向北逐渐减小,松潘甘孜地块则出现盖层缺失。推测受小规模地幔对流或者热不稳定性的影响,在南羌塘和松潘甘孜地块,增厚的欧亚岩石圈发生拆沉作用,岩石圈被减薄和弱化,造成羌塘地块上地幔低速和松潘甘孜地块上地幔高速盖层缺失。拆沉的冷的欧亚岩石圈可能部分停留在410-km上方,使得410-km抬升约10km,部分沉入地幔过渡带,表现为松潘甘孜地块地幔过渡带中存在高速异常。低温造成660-km下沉约8km,导致地幔过渡带增厚。 相似文献
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Sponsored by National Science & Technology Committee, the cooperation between China Academy of Geoscience and Institute of Geophysics and Tectonics, University Joseph, France conducted a lithospherical experiment using 40 Minititan 3-component and 13 CEIS 1-component seismometers along the road from Gonghe to Yushu in Qinghai Province during 5 months after June, 1998. The interested area is on the north of Bangong- Nujiang fault, the east of Qaidam basin, the south of Center Qilian fault and the west of Longmenshan fault. And the profile across most tectonic parts of Eastern Tibet such as Southern Qilian, Eastern Kunlun fault, Bayan Har terrane, Jinshajiang suture (Figure 1), which is the first seismological profile across Eastern Tibet (Qinghai-Tibet) and will be beneficial on the comparison with the results of its center parts, especially on the understanding of the effect of the thousands-kilometer-faraway collision between Eurasia Plate and Indian Plate on the uplifting of south and north part of Eastern Kunlun fault, and on the thickening of crust and the feature of deep structure of Qilian mountain on the north of Tibet Plateau. 相似文献
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On August 25, 2008, an MW6.7 earthquake struck Zhongba County, central Lhasa block. Subsequently, an aftershock of MW6.0 occurred on September 25. The rupture caused by this earthquake is rather complicated. There are some differences in focal positions and fault parameters given by different institutions. In addition, a deeper understanding of the tectonic significance of this earthquake is also needed.
Firstly, we use interferometric synthetic aperture radar data collected by the environmental satellite(ENVISAT)of European Space Agency and the advanced land observing satellite(ALOS)of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency to obtain eight coseismic deformation fields covering the whole epicenter region based on InSAR technology. Because the terrain in the earthquake area fluctuates greatly and there are many objects with low coherence(eg. lake), we choose 30-resolution SRTM DEM data as reference DEM, the more robust Goldstein as filtering method, and Delaunay Minimum Cost Flow as phase unwrapping method. The interferograms show that the surface deformation caused by this earthquake is about 50km long and is divided into two lobes, north and south. The shape of the deformation in the north is similar to that of Palung Co Lake, and the maximum signal is hidden by the lake. The deformation in the south has two centers, located at two ridges respectively. The aftershock also caused two minor deformations at the east and north of Palung Co Lake.
Secondly, we use uniform sampling method to downsample 8 interferograms, and set the sampling interval of near-field data to be much smaller than that of far-field region, to ensure the observation data characteristic and sampling density of the main deformation region. In order to better invert the rupture slip distribution of the main shock, we subtract the influence of aftershock deformation. Finally, 6 data sets for the main shock deformation are obtained. Smoothness of sliding distribution is applied to restrict the sliding amount of adjacent fault slices. The best-fit solution shows that at least two ruptures in the south and north are caused by the earthquake, mainly of normal dip-slip and partial sinistral strike-slip by Okada uniform elastic half-space dislocation model and SDM method. The northern rupture is related to the Palung Co Fault with NE strike, with the maximum deformation of -13.0cm and the maximum slip of 0.52m in the depth of~12km, and the southern rupture deformation is obviously strongly related to topography, with the maximum deformation of -38.7cm and the maximum slip of 1.15m in the depth of~14km. The maximum slip is located at(30.81°N, 83.45°E), between the positions determined by GCMT and NEIC. The results also show that normal fault earthquakes may play an important role in the uplift of Tibet Plateau.
Thirdly, we use 15 images obtained between 2008 and 2010 from ENVISAT to obtain the post-earthquake time series deformation to further understand the tectonic background of the earthquake using SBAS-InSAR technology. 54 pairs of good interferences are screened out for processing, of which 30 pairs were unwrapped by Delaunay MCF method. The velocity accuracy threshold is set to 2mm/a to ensure reliable estimation of deformation velocity value. After two step SBAS inversions, the time series of deformation after the earthquake is obtained, thereby revealing that the post-earthquake deformation is not obvious on both sides of the fault but in the denudation and deposition area. This shows that no obvious common phenomena such as afterslip or creep are found after the earthquake. From the three cumulative deformation profiles, it can be seen that the regional deformation is mainly denudation and subsidence related to topography and geomorphology, and the deformations of adjacent subsidence and uplift regions are basically the same. The result shows that the graben structure in Lhasa block is mainly vertical deformation caused by terrain difference. In order to explain this result, we processed GPS data from 1991 to 2015 and obtained the principal strain rate in the western region of Lhasa block. The result shows that the east-west extension in Lhasa block is obvious but uneven. The strain is mainly stretching or squeezing perpendicular to deep and large faults, and the strain decreases near the grabens. The tensile strain near the Palung Co fault graben is~2.4×108/a. This also shows that estimates of the tectonic activity based on geomorphology may be underestimated on some normal faults that have not been mapped or have no clear large-scale surface expression in the Tibet Plateau.
This study combines multi-orbit InSAR data to constrain the focal mechanism solution of the Zhongba earthquake, proving that abundant interferometric results can complement each other, which is helpful to analyze the deformation distribution caused by the earthquake more clearly and completely, especially in the absence of surface rupture. 相似文献
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Modern tectonic stress field in the Chinese mainland inverted from focal mechanism solutions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
IntroductionTheinversionapproachofregionalstressfielddevelopedinrecent10to20yearsprovidesausefultoolforstudyingthemeanstressinagivenregion(Angeller,1979;Ellsworth,1981,Xu,Ge,1984).Becauseitusesmultitudinousfaultsinsteadofsinglefault,itcanremovetheinhomogeneityoflocalmediumsoastorevealtheregionalstressinformation.Besides,thismethodproducesaRvalue,whichisdefinedby(O-2--q)/(q--q),andmaydescribestherelativemagnitUdeofintermediateprincipalstress,whereq,acand%arethemaximum,theintermediateandthemi… 相似文献
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１９９１年７月－１９９２年６月，中、美两国合作在青藏高原架设了１１个宽频带数字记录的ＰＡＳＳＣＡＬ临时地震台站，它们分布在青藏公路沿线和青藏高原东部地区．利用这些台站记录到的高质量数据，对远震的ＳＫＳ波进行分析和计算，在多数台站观测到了ＳＫＳ波分裂的现象．用ＳＣ方法计算了青藏高原所记录到的ＳＫＳ波分裂的参量，即快波偏振方向φ和快、慢波的到时差δｔ，探求台站下地幔介质的各向异性．φ从南（拉萨）往北（至格尔木）有一趋势变化，从南边的北东方向渐变至北边的近东西方向．快、慢波的到时差在高原上向北渐渐变大，在不冻泉达到最大；再往北至格尔木又迅速减小．认为在印度板块和欧亚大陆的碰撞挤压下，雅鲁藏布江以北青藏高原下面的上地幔物质在区域构造应力场的作用下，沿东西方向发生形变以至流动，它使上地幔中橄榄岩的晶格排列方向平行于物质形变或流动的方向． 相似文献
19.
The November 14, 2001 Ms8.1 Kunlun Mountains earthquake in northern Tibet is the largest earthquake occurring on the Chinese mainland since 1950. We apply a three-dimensional （3-D） finite element numerical procedure to model the coseismic displacement and stress fields of the earthquake based on field investigations. We then further investigate the stress interaction between the Ms8.1 earthquake and the intensive aftershocks. Our primary calculation shows that the coseismic displacement field is centralized around the east Kunlun fault zone. And the attenuation of coseismic displacements on the south side of Kunlun fault zone is larger than that on the north side. The calculated coseismic stress field also indicates that the calculated maximal shear stress field is centralized around the east Kunlun fault zone; the directions of the coseismic major principal stress are opposite to that of the background crustal stress field of the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） Plateau. It indicates that the earthquake relaxes the crustal stress state in the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） Plateau. Finally, we study the stress interaction between Ms8.1 earthquake and its intensive aftershocks. The calculated Coulomb stress changes of the Ms8.1 great earthquake are in favor of triggering 4 aftershocks. 相似文献
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截至2007年1:1000000区域重力工作已基本覆盖青藏高原全区,这些全新的重力成果揭示了很多有意义的现象.通过多方法处理分析研究不同深度层次的重力场特征及正反演计算构建地壳模型,认为:重力异常形态显示青藏高原独成体系,与相邻块体具有多样化的接触关系.已发现蛇绿岩的结合带、弧盆系和岩浆岩带是幅值不等、规模不一的重力高和重力低,表明青藏高原是具有多条结合带的拼合体;班公湖-怒江结合带是高原内最主要的重力高异常带,长达千余公里,将不同深度层次的重力场分成截然不同的南北两大区块,为它是冈瓦纳大陆北界提供了依据;局部重力异常指示青藏高原构造形迹自南而北以东西走向为主,东部则为北西-南北走向,具有与大地构造相似的分区特征; 85°E和92°E附近存在较大尺度的南北和北东走向的重力异常特征线,揭示出青藏高原腹地的深部结构具有东中西三分现象,与表壳的东西走向格局形成对比. 相似文献