共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 609 毫秒
1.
选取云南高原向贵州高原过渡地带上的乌江南源——贵州省三岔河上游流域作为研究对象，分别提取其流域内的花渔洞地下河流域与三塘地下河流域的地形指标，分析两者的流量衰减现状，并探讨了岩溶地表形态和岩溶含水介质结构之间的关系。结果显示:（1）花渔洞地下河流域的平均起伏度为73.2 m，可分为高起伏度的Ⅰ区（均值122 m）和低起伏度的Ⅱ区（均值64 m）两个区，其分别占整个流域面积的14.9%和85.1%；三塘地下河流域的平均起伏度为87.6 m，可分为高起伏度的Ⅰ区（均值106 m）、中起伏度的Ⅱ区（均值81 m）和低起伏度的Ⅲ区（均值48 m）三个区，其分别占流域面积的40.2%，49.7%和10.1%；（2）花渔洞地下河流域各阶段的衰减系数为0.000 3，0.000 1，0.000 06（0.5 h）-1，总蓄水量达2 199.356×104 m3，各亚动态蓄水量分别占总蓄水量的0.1%，9.9%、90.0%；三塘地下河流域各阶段的衰减系数为0.001、0.000 3、0.000 1（0.5 h）-1，总蓄水量为2 310.902×104 m3，各亚动态蓄水量分别占总蓄水量的9.4%、30.8%、59.8%。这表明地面起伏度和衰减动态之间可能存在着关联性，即高起伏度对应岩溶发育强烈的管道流，低起伏度对应导水通道较小的裂隙、溶隙等含水层。 相似文献
2.
滇池流域石漠化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
位于云南省会昆明盆地内的滇池流域是滇中岩溶和石漠化较为发育的地区,石漠化总面积225.56 km2,占流域总面积的7.71%,占岩溶总面积32.69%。石漠化主要分布在望海山、大板桥—呈贡、黑林铺、海口、梁王山、上蒜片区,其中又以北东部的大板桥片区石漠化最为严重。石漠化已造成流域内水土流失加剧、可耕地面积减少、土壤涵养水源能力降低及生态环境恶化等危害。通过地面调查和ETM遥感解译,查清了流域内石漠化的发育分布与碳酸盐岩的岩性及其组合、岩溶作用、地形地貌、气象等自然因素、人为因素和工业污染关系密切。针对石漠化的形成原因,提出了生态修复、农田基本建设、水资源开发利用、农村能源建设、小集镇建设、土地合理利用等治理措施。 相似文献
3.
为了快速准确获取小区域高精度、大比例尺岩溶石漠化的演变趋势,为小区域岩溶石漠化的定量评价和精准治理提供科学依据和基础数据,本文选择岩溶石漠化典型地区——蒙自东山生态治理研究区为例,基于2006年11月SPOT5和2015年1月Pleiades两期高分辨率遥感影像,通过研究区归一化植被指数（NDVI）与植被覆盖度（FVC）进行岩溶石漠化遥感信息提取,得到生态治理区2006年与2015年岩溶石漠化空间分布特征,并对两期FVC数据进行叠加,分析生态治理区石漠化的演变趋势。遥感调查表明,研究区内石漠化十分严重,重度石漠化面积占比73.55%,中度石漠化5.36%,轻度石漠化0.53%,无石漠化14.86%,阴影及水域面积5.71%。不同等级石漠化面积的变化情况显示,2006-2015年,重度石漠化和无石漠化面积比例增加,重度石漠化由72.37%增加到73.55%,无石漠化从6.06%增加到14.86%,而中度、轻度石漠化面积比例减少,中度石漠化面积从11.58%减小到5.36%,轻度石漠化面积从4.35%减小到0.53%。轻度、中度和无石漠化区变幅明显。研究区石漠化发生率从88.27%降低到79.43%,总体呈降低趋势。 相似文献
4.
南洞流域东部重点区石漠化现状及治理对策 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
为了探讨南洞流域东部重点区石漠化现状及其治理对策,通过遥感数据分析结果并结合地面实地调查验证,对云南南洞流域东部重点区石漠化分布特征、成因、危害及其区域林地生态环境质量状况进行了分析。结果表明,南洞流域东部重点区石漠化面积占岩溶区面积的17.2%,集中分布于大庄盆地西北部,以轻度石漠化为主,轻度、中度、重度石漠化的面积比例约为7∶3∶1,石漠化与水土流失问题突出,岩溶区林地生态环境质量等级以三级、四级为主,占区域总面积的53.77%,整体水平较低,且明显低于区内的非岩溶地区林地。粗放型畜牧和农耕方式是导致区内石漠化形成和加剧的最重要因素。提出休垦弃焚、恢复次生植被、合理开发利用土地资源、优化农林畜牧产业结构,实施林草建设工程、草食畜牧业工程、水利水保设施工程,建立保障制度和监督机制,开展全面的石漠化综合治理对策,以确保区域生态恢复、农林畜牧经济健康发展及南洞地下河流域生态安全和水资源开发利用。 相似文献
5.
贵州巨木地下河流域石漠化地学治理实验及其意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
贵州巨木地下河岩溶流域石漠化治理工程是一项从地学的角度探索石漠化治理的实验,实验以改善石漠化区岩溶地质环境为目标,以地下河的开发利用、农作物生长过程中矿物元素补偿等为手段,解决了实验区人畜饮水安全和农田灌溉缺水问题,提高了农作物产量和农产品品质,使地区经济得到了明显发展,有效地控制了不合理的人为工程活动的发生。遥感监测成果对比表明,经过治理实验区内的石漠化面积明显减少、石漠化程度显著降低。由此认为改善地质环境是石漠化治理的有效途径之一,值得提倡与推广。然而,由于西南岩溶石山区岩溶系统复杂、小型多样,不同的岩溶系统差别较大。因此,只有在查清岩溶流域系统具体的地质条件的基础上,合理制定综合治理方案,进行石漠化地学治理才能更有效。 相似文献
6.
亚热带典型岩溶水系统的碳汇效应对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择中国南方亚热带地区具有不同地质背景和生态状况的广西柳州市官村地下河(灌木林生态环境、人类活动影响显著)、云南省广南县木美地下河(石漠化严重)和贵州茂兰板寨地下河(原始森林生态)3个岩溶水系统为例,对比研究岩溶水中溶解无机碳浓度和碳汇效应的差异。结果表现,(1)流域管道水的溶解无机碳平均浓度排列顺序为:官村>木美>板寨,表层岩溶带泉水的排列顺序为:木美>官村>板寨。(2)水的PCO2分压计算结果显示:3个流域岩溶水的方解石溶解度基本达到饱和,PCO2的大小顺序为:官村地下河>木美地下河>板寨地下河。(3)根据一个水文年的流量监测计算官村地下河流域的岩溶碳汇强度为12.34tC/(km2?a),板寨地下河流域的为11.8tC/(km2?a),木美地下河流域为34.11tC/(km2?a)。木美地下河流域的石漠化现状相当严重,石漠化面积高达90%,而板寨地下河为原始森林区,但木美地下河流域的岩溶碳汇强度却最大,这与其流域面积大、调蓄功能强,且有外源水补给有关。这也同时表明,单从生态环境的角度去研究岩溶作用碳汇潜力是不够的。 相似文献
7.
通过对张家界市DEM、地质构造、岩性特征以及地貌数据进行地理信息技术（GIS）叠加分析,探讨了地质地貌因素对张家界地区岩溶石漠化分布的影响。结果表明:该区岩溶石漠化在地貌上的发生率呈现丘陵>洼地>低山>中山>高山的特征;在坡度上以Ⅱ级坡度中石漠化发生率最大,且石漠化面积呈阳坡>半阴坡>阴坡>半阳坡分布特征,并随坡向由阴转阳,各等级岩溶石漠化面积所占比例逐渐增加;地层岩性方面以碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩互层类岩层更易发生岩溶石漠化;地质构造方面表现为石漠化空间展布与断裂构造展布方向一致,且断层对石漠化的影响在ⅠB断裂构造主要体现在对断裂两盘的岩性、地层的差异性和对水系发育展布的影响上。 相似文献
8.
岩溶地下河的存在严重影响了土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）在岩溶地区的普遍适用性。针对岩溶地下河在SWAT中的概化问题,提出基于数字高程模型（DEM）预处理结合SWAT流域自动识别功能的方法,将岩溶地下河暴露于地表,把岩溶区复杂的地表－地下二元结构简化为地表一元结构,并以贵州毕节地下河发育的倒天河流域为例进行应用。结果表明:① 对比未经概化地下河建立的模型,概化地下河建立的模型识别流域面积增大30.73%,子流域个数增加29.27%,水文响应单元（HRU）个数增加43.82%;② 参数取最大物理意义范围时,未经概化地下河建立的模型p因子=0.64,不满足建模条件,物理模型本身存在问题;③ 概化地下河建立的模型月步长模拟结果:校准期R2=0.96,NS=0.96,验证期R2=0.94,NS=0.93,月尺度模拟效果非常好。岩溶地下河概化方法使SWAT在流域划分方面更加合理,搭建的模型模拟更加合理。该研究拓展了SWAT模型在岩溶区的应用。 相似文献
9.
基于Google Earth Engine云平台的植被覆盖度变化长时间序列遥感监测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于Google Earth Engine遥感大数据云计算平台,以云南省南洞地下河流域为例,利用近2 000景30 m分辨率Landsat-NDVI长时间序列数据,采用像元二分模型对研究区1988-2016年的年最大植被覆盖度进行定量估算,并分别从流域整体和像元尺度分析近29 a间植被覆盖度的时空变化特征。研究结果表明:（1）南洞地下河流域大部分区域处于中等覆盖度和中高覆盖度,覆盖度随高程和坡度的增加而增大,其中年最大植被覆盖度 > 60%的区域占流域总面积的45.75%;（2）近29 a来,流域年最大植被覆盖度整体呈现不断增加的趋势,年均增长速率为0.56%,其中植被覆盖度轻微改善或是明显改善的面积占38.84%;（3）相比1988年,2016年高植被覆盖区和中高植被覆盖区面积分别增长50.51%、18.40%;而中等植被覆盖区、中低植被覆盖区和低植被覆盖区面积分别减少24.05%、47.95%和37.72%。封山育林等石漠化治理工程以及气候变化对于流域植被恢复和生态环境重建具有重要影响,其研究成果可为后续石漠化监测提供重要的基础研究数据。 相似文献
10.
岩溶石漠化是指碳酸盐岩发育地区,由于人类不合理活动造成的土壤严重侵蚀,基岩大面积出露,地表出现类似荒漠景观的现象。石漠化的产生取决于基底岩石结构特点和酸不溶物含量。目前对于究竟哪种类型的岩石易于形成石漠化,利于形成石漠化的岩性在空间分布上有无规律性等问题,单纯利用传统的遥感解译方法显得力不从心。作者从古地理学角度对广西石漠化的形成及分布情况进行了研究,将广西石漠化区域划分为7个分区,包括桂林—贺州分区（Ⅰ）、柳州—来宾分区（Ⅱ）、都安—马山分区（Ⅲ）、平果台地分区（Ⅳ）、靖西台地分区（Ⅴ）、扬子台地南缘分区（Ⅵ）和西林—乐业—凌云分区（Ⅶ）。从广西石漠化分布情况可以看出,具有较为稳定台地相格局的地区容易发育连续性的碳酸盐岩（并诱发石漠化）,同时重度石漠化一般分布于长时期发育台地边缘礁（滩）相的环境中（例如平果台地相区、靖西台地相区、扬子台地南缘分区）。广西众多的、较为稳定的孤立碳酸盐岩台地建造为石漠化产生提供了“机会”。通过研究容易诱发石漠化岩性的空间分布特征,结合遥感解译和实地调查,对石漠化风险进行评估,对属于不同时代和不同沉积环境下形成的石漠化采用不同的治理模式,这无疑为石漠化研究提供了一个新的角度。 相似文献
11.
基于RapidEye遥感影像的比值密度分割法在岩溶石漠化调查中的应用——以云南鹤庆县为例 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
高分辨率遥感图像是大比例尺石漠化遥感解译工作的重要信息源。文章以云南省鹤庆县为研究区,采用2011年RapidEye多光谱遥感影像,在对灰岩与针叶林—草体混合标准光谱曲线及不同裸岩率亮度值剖面曲线分析的基础上,运用波段比值法和密度分割法,结合野外现场踏勘和地理底图,开展大比例尺石漠化遥感解译,获得如下调查结果:全县石漠化面积为188.82 km2,占全县总面积的8.13%,占岩溶面积的25.48%,其中重度面积有10.31 km2,占石漠化总面积的5.46%,中度面积有42.28 km2,占石漠化总面积的22.39%,轻度面积有136.23 km2,占石漠化总面积的71.15%。野外验证石漠化等级判对率为84%,达到技术规范要求,这表明文章采用的方法可有效运用于大比例尺岩溶石漠化信息的提取。 相似文献
12.
As drought occurs in different climates, assessment of drought impacts on parameters such as vegetation cover is of utmost importance. Satellite remote sensing images with various spectral and spatial resolutions represent information about different land covers such as vegetation cover. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of satellite vegetation indices to monitor the agricultural drought on a local scale. In this regard, satellite images including Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data were used to evaluate vegetation cover and their gradual changes effects on agricultural drought. Fars province in Iran with relatively low precipitation values was selected as the study area. Modified Perpendicular Drought Index (MPDI), MPDI1, Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Anomalies (NDVIA), and Standardized Vegetation Index (SVI), were evaluated to select the remote sensing based index with the best performance in drought monitoring. The performance of such indices were investigated during 13 years (2000–2013) for MODIS and 29 years (1985–2013) for AVHRR. To assess the efficiency of the satellite indices in drought investigation, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) data of five selected stations were used for 3, 6, and 9 month periods on August. The results showed that NDVI-based vegetation indices had the highest correlation with SPI in cold climate and long-term timescale (6 and 9 month). The highest correlation values between remote sensing based indices and SPI were acquired, respectively, in 9-month and 6-month time-scales, with the values of 43.5% and 40%. Moreover, VCI showed the highest capability for agricultural drought investigating in different climate regions of the study area. Overall, the results proved that NDVI-based indices can be used for drought monitoring and assessment in a long-term timescale on a local time-scale.
相似文献13.
Identifying effective vegetation biophysical and spectral parameters for investigating light to moderate grazing effects on grasslands improves management practices on grasslands. Using mixed grasslands as a case study, this paper compares responses of vegetation biophysical properties and spectral parameters derived from satellite images to grazing intensity, and identifies the suitable biophysical and spectral parameters to detect grazing effects in these areas. Biophysical properties including cover, canopy height and Leaf area index (LAI) were measured in three sites with different grazing managements and one benchmark site in 2008 and 2009 in Grasslands PlaceTypeNational Park and surrounding provincial pastures, Canada. Thirteen vegetation spectral indices, calculated by statistically combining different spectral information, were evaluated. The results indicate that canopy height and the ratio of photosynthetically active vegetation cover to non-photosynthetically active vegetation cover (PV/NPV) showed significant differences between ungrazed and grazed sites. All spectral vegetation indices except the canopy index (CI) show significant differences between grazing treatments. Red-Near infrared (Red-NIR) based vegetation indices, such as Modified Triangular Vegetation Index 1 (MTVI1), Soil-adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), are significantly correlated to the PV/NPV. Green/Mid-infrared (Green/MIR) related vegetation indices, i.e. Plant Senescence Reflectance Index (PRSI) and Normalized Canopy Index (NCI), show significant correlation with canopy height. Models based on a linear combination of MTVI1 and SAVI were developed for PV/NPV and PRSI and NCI for canopy height. Models that simulated PV/NPV and canopy height show significant correlations with grazing intensity, suggesting the feasibility of remote sensing to quantify light to moderate grazing effects in mixed grasslands. 相似文献
14.
依据《岩溶地区水土流失综合治理技术标准》(SL461-2009),以蚂蝗田岩溶小流域为研究对象,实地测量了22组典型地物光谱,发现岩石和土壤在红光-近红外二维光谱特征空间具有线性分布规律,由此推导出土壤—岩石指数方程,并构建了岩溶区土壤侵蚀与石漠化强度分析技术流程。在此基础上,利用研究区RapidEye卫星遥感影像,通过提取土地利用、植被覆盖度、基岩裸露率和坡度等指标因子信息,实现了土壤侵蚀与岩溶石漠化强度的分析评价。研究发现:岩溶区土壤侵蚀与植被覆盖度呈负相关性,与坡度和基岩裸露率无单向相关性;岩溶石漠化与植被覆盖度呈负相关性,与坡度呈正相关性,与基岩裸露率呈线性相关。 相似文献
15.
Wetlands play an important role in water conservation, environmental protection, and biodiversity conservation. Remote sensing is an economical and efficient technique for wetland monitoring which can limit disturbance in sensitive areas and support wetland conservation. In this paper, we used three phases of Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (TM/ETM+) remote sensing images from October 1989, October 1999, and October 2009 to study wetlands in Xingzi County. The images were segmented using the object-oriented remote sensing image interpretation software eCognition Developer 8.64, then segmented images were classified by slope, digital elevation model (DEM) data, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Specific Leaf Area Vegetation Index (SLAVI), and Land and Water Masks (LWM) index to produce land type classification maps. Land use change information was obtained by analyzing the superposition of two classification maps of the wetland area from different years. The results showed that landscape patches in Xingzi County displayed fragmentation in their spatial distribution over time. Based on an index of changes in landscape patches, the fastest growing landscape type is grassland, while the fastest decreasing type is irrigated land. Dominant driving factors of changes in Xingzi County’s wetland landscape are population growth and policy changes. 相似文献
16.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(2):101312
Drought is a natural phenomenon posing severe implications for soil, groundwater and agricultural yield. It has been recognized as one of the most pervasive global change drivers to affect the soil. Soil being a weakly renewable resource takes a long time to form, but it takes no time to degrade. However, the response of soil to drought conditions as soil loss is not manifested in the existing literature. Thus, this study makes a concerted effort to analyze the relationship between drought conditions and soil erosion in the middle sub-basin of the Godavari River in India. MODIS remote sensing data was utilized for driving drought indices during 2000–2019. Firstly, we constricted Temperature condition index (TCI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) from Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) derived from MODIS data. TCI and VCI were then integrated to determine the Vegetation Health Index (VHI). Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was utilized for estimating soil loss. The relationship between drought condition and vegetation was ascertained using the Pearson correlation. Most of the northern and southern watersheds experienced severe drought condition in the sub-basin during 2000–2019. The mean frequency of the drought occurrence was 7.95 months. The average soil erosion in the sub-basin was estimated to be 9.88 t ha?1 year?1. A positive relationship was observed between drought indices and soil erosion values (r value being 0.35). However, wide variations were observed in the distribution of spatial correlation. Among various factors, the slope length and steepness were found to be the main drivers of soil erosion in the sub-basin. Thus, the study calls for policy measures to lessen the impact of drought and soil erosion. 相似文献
17.
The relations between land use and karst rocky desertification in a typical karst area,China 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Karst rocky desertification (KRD) is one major type of desertification which is under irrational human impact on the vulnerable
eco-geo-environment. In this study, Zhudong fengcong rocky desertification landscape was selected to investigate the land
use types distribution law in different rock types and the KRD land in different land use types. KRD data was determined by
user–computer interactive interpreting method from Aster images in 2004, according to the exposed ratio of rock, the coverage
of vegetation and soil in 0.2 km2 unit, integrating with land utilizing present situation map, hydrogeology map, relief map, vegetation map, soil distribution
map, as well as the practical investigation and the population census datum in 2002. Results showed that the occurrence ratio
of KRD land is different in land use types and rocky assemblages obviously; land cover has a strong impact upon KRD. The sloping
cropland distributed in homogenous limestone has a higher occurrence ratio of light KRD, secondly, is in the limestone interbedded
with clastic rock. Light KRD land was dominated by shrubland, and sloping cropland accounts for 11.67% of it, moderate KRD
land was dominated by moderate coverage grass slopes, strong and extremely strong KRD was dominated by rocky dry land which
is difficult to use. 相似文献
18.
Pavan Kumar Haroon Sajjad Bismay Ranjan Tripathy Raihan Ahmed Vinay Prasad Mandal 《Natural Hazards》2018,90(2):693-704
Dynamic and vigorous top soil is the source for healthy flora, fauna, and humans, and soil organic matters are the underpinning for healthy and productive soils. Organic components in the soil play significant role in stimulating soil productivity processes and vegetation development. This article deals with the scientific demand for estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) in forest using geospatial techniques. We assessed distribution of SOC using field and satellite data in Sariska Tiger Reserve located in the Aravalli Hill Range, India. This study utilized the visible and near-infrared reflectance data of Sentinel-2A satellite. Three predictor variables namely Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index, and Renormalized Difference Vegetation Index were derived to examine the relationship between soil and SOC and to identify the biophysical characteristic of soil. Relationship between SOC (ground and predicted) and leaf area index (LAI) measured through satellite data was examined through regression analysis. Coefficient of correlation (R 2) was found to be 0.95 (p value < 0.05) for predicted SOC and satellite measured LAI. Thus, LAI can effectively be used for extracting SOC using remote sensing data. Soil organic carbon stock map generated through Kriging model for Landsat 8 OLI data demonstrated variation in spatial SOC stocks distribution. The model with 89% accuracy has proved to be an effective tool for predicting spatial distribution of SOC stocks in the study area. Thus, optical remote sensing data have immense potential for predicting SOC at larger scale. 相似文献
19.
Relationship between karst rocky desertification and its distance to roadways in a typical karst area of Southwest China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Qiyong Yang Zhongcheng Jiang Zulu Ma Weiqun Luo Yunqiu Xie Jianhua Cao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(1):295-302
The presence and conditions of roadways determine the utilization of natural resources, which exert direct and indirect influences on karst rocky desertification (KRD) in undeveloped karst areas. This paper addresses the relationship between KRD and its distance to roadways in Pingguo County, a typical peak-cluster depression area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southwest China, focusing on the three time periods of 1994, 2001, and 2009. KRD maps for each time period were interpreted by using remote sensing and GIS technology in buffer zones, which are 4.0 km wide and subdivided into eight strips of 0.5 km wide each. They are located alongside various classes of roadways, namely trunk, town, village, and unpaved roadways. Results demonstrate that slight KRD is the major type in buffer strips on both sides of roadways, which tends to decrease with an increase in distance to road baseline. In contrast, moderate and severe KRD cases cover relatively limited areas, which tend to change less rapidly. Moreover, these two KRD cases are less related to their distance to trunk and town roadways than to village and unpaved roadways. Therefore, the distance to roadways affects slight KRD distribution more than moderate and severe KRD. Temporal KRD patterns indicate that slight, moderate, and severe KRD areas alongside all roadway classes have comparatively similar trends in the periods of 1994, 2001, and 2009 KRD areas alongside various classes of roadways in the three periods (except some of those alongside the town and trunk roads) rank as follows from highest to lowest, 2001, 2009, and 1994. However, the total area in town and trunk roads is relatively small and varies little with distance from strip-to-road. KRD alongside various roadway classes is affected jointly by historical policy, distance to roadways, and landscape. 相似文献