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1.
美国国家公园系统保护区规模的变化特征及其原因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
美国国家公园系统的保护区其规模具有随保护区类型、建设时间和地区分布的不同而变化的特征。自然保护思想和保护区建设中土地的可获得性是形成上述特征的主要因素。其中自然保护思想对保护区规模大小有指导作用，而土地的可获得性则直接影响保护区面积。 相似文献
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流域土地利用/覆被变化对 洪河保护区湿地景观的影响 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
从流域尺度, 应用遥感和GIS 技术对1954 年以来6 个时段土地利用/ 覆被变化进行分析, 并采用景观生态学方法对洪河保护区及其所在浓江河流域湿地景观多样性和景观连通度进行计算, 系统研究了流域土地利用变化对保护区湿地景观的影响。结果显示: ① 浓江河流域大规模土地利用发生在20 世纪80 年代之后, 年均耕地面积增长速度为101 km2/a; ② 土地利用/ 覆被变化直接导致流域湿地景观多样性降低, 同时也间接影响了洪河保护区湿地景观多样性; ③ 流域土地利用变化带来的景观连通度降低严重割断了景观之间原有的物质交换和功能维持关系, 是导致保护区湿地景观结构和功能改变的主要因素之一; ④ 恢复保护区周围一定面积的湿地, 维持良好的景观连通度是实现保护区自然保护效益的方法之一。 相似文献
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Forestland divestment by vertically integrated forest products companies (VIFPCs) has spurred significant forest ownership change. To illuminate these dynamics, we examined land sales after VIFPC divestment, subsequent acquisitions of conserved land, and trends in recreational access in Wisconsin. We documented changes from 1999 to 2015 with analysis of tax program records and profiles of the state’s largest investor owners, Plum Creek and The Forestland Group. Nearly all VIFPC land was sold to investors, public agencies, or smaller corporate and private owners. State tax and land acquisition programs buffered these changes: 70% of large private ownership land was retained in the forest tax program and another 16% was acquired by public and nonprofit owners. More than one-quarter of divested forestland was placed in conservation easements. Nonetheless, large private forestland open to public recreation declined by almost one-third. Investor strategies and conservation programs shaped the provision of forest benefits during ownership transitions. 相似文献
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以金花茶国家级自然保护区及保护区外2 km邻近区为研究区,选取1986―2019年7期Landsat遥感影像进行土地利用遥感解译,并基于GIS与R语言空间统计方法分析近35年土地利用动态演变规律。结果表明：1）保护区土地利用以林地为主,邻近区林地和耕地面积占比最大。2）邻近区综合土地利用动态度变化比非核心区更剧烈;二者土地利用程度综合指数变化均呈现升高－降低－不变的波动趋势,表明保护区建立后人为干扰的下降有助于土地利用格局的稳定。3）土地利用类型转换频率为邻近区向非核心区递减,表明保护区的建设与管理可以有效保护当地的生态环境。4）保护区非核心区所有土地利用类型重心总体上向东北方向迁移;邻近区建设用地与耕地重心总体上都为向西方向迁移,表明已有建设用地扩张对保护区周围的土地利用空间动态变化有重要影响。5）保护区的管理取得较为显著的成效,保护区内部生态环境得到改善,但内部建设用地的缓慢增加与资源的不合理生产开发,仍然对保护区的生境质量产生负面影响。 相似文献
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城市土地储备潜力评价研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
土地储备潜力评价是土地储备工作顺利开展的基础,为实现土地储备潜力的定量测度,该文在界定其内涵的基础上,建立了由区域因素、宗地因素、变动因素3方面14个指标组成的城市土地储备潜力评价指标体系,通过层次分析法进行赋权,以各参评指标的加权指数和作为具体地块储备潜力的评定结果,并以深圳市龙岗区为例,进行实证分析,为确定适宜储备地块,制定合理的土地储备计划提供依据。 相似文献
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Population growth and land use in Nepal: "the great turnabout" 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Historically, Nepal has demonstrated a "great turnabout" trend, in which initial immigration from the lowland areas to the mountains has been replaced by accelerating migration from the hills to the plains. The reason for this reversal has been a rapid growth in population within the confines of limited availability of potentially cultivable land. Given Nepal's slow economic development, the overwhelming majority of increases in population have to be accommodated within the agricultural sector, on which 83% of Nepal's households are dependent. Fundamental land use issues in Nepal include rapid achievement of the final limit of land suitability for cultivation and the speed at which land can be brought into cultivation. The Government of Nepal has developed the objectives of increased food production to provide a satisfactory diet for the population, increased per capita income, improved regional balance in income and development, conservation of natural resources such as land and forests, and overall development of the economy through income generation, export earnings, and release of agricultural labor to other sectors. 3 perspective studies have identified a number of policies and programs that could bring Nepal closer to these goals. These studies analyzed potential land use development, agricultural production, and food availability by the year 2005. Most essential is the need to intensify land use not only in crop agriculture, but also grasslands and forest use. Land must be allocated to uses that represent the most productive use of that land without being degrading. Technologies are available for land use in each of the main types of uses--crop agriculture, livestock, and forests--that can provide protection against land degradation. Finally, irrigation is a key element in raising agricultural output. Close cooperation between the government and the people is crucial for the success of the task of finding a balance between population growth and its demand for services of the land. 相似文献
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2005~2015年耕地多功能时空演变及其协同与权衡研究——以重庆市沙坪坝区为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
基于2005~2015年近10 a面板数据,在测算重庆市沙坪坝区耕地多功能基础上,探究其时空演变规律、多功能间协同与权衡关系,据此构建耕地空间组织经营模式。结果表明：耕地生产功能、景观游憩功能、社会保障功能及建设空间储备功能时空演变特征差异显著。耕地“生产-景观游憩-社会保障”功能间存在两两协同关系,且协同度均值 “生产-景观游憩”>“社会保障-景观游憩”>“生产-社会保障”;耕地建设空间储备功能与其他3项功能间存在此消彼长的权衡关系。据此构建了“一带两区”即山地休闲农业带、郊野农业游憩区、传统农业提升区的耕地空间组织经营模式。 相似文献
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基于土地利用的河北省生态系统服务权衡/协同关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在分析土地利用变化的基础上,基于InVEST模型计算1985-2015年河北省农作物生产、碳储量、生境质量和土壤保持4种生态系统服务,利用ESCI指数、相关分析法、ESTD模型及双变量局部空间自相关方法识别不同尺度生态系统服务空间格局变化及权衡/协同关系。结果表明:1)1985-2015年河北省土地利用变化剧烈,建设用地、林地面积不断增加,耕地、草地、未利用地逐渐减少,但不同时段变化趋势不同。受土地利用变化影响,河北省4种生态系统服务变化趋势迥异:农作物生产水平不断提升,碳储量呈先增后减趋势,生境质量变化平稳,土壤保持呈波动减少态势。2)从省域尺度看,河北省各类生态系统服务之间相互影响,碳储量与农作物生产以及土壤保持与生境质量均呈现协同关系,农作物生产与生境质量、土壤保持以及碳储量与生境质量、土壤保持均呈现权衡关系;从区域空间分异看,供给服务与支持服务间权衡/协同关系空间变化明显,支持服务中碳储量与生境质量总体上呈现西北协同—东南权衡关系,生境质量与土壤保持以协同关系为主,碳储量与土壤保持以权衡关系为主;从县域尺度看,土壤保持与碳储量、生境质量以及农作物生产与碳储量、土壤保持的权衡/协同关系集聚特征明显,而生境质量与农作物生产、碳储量的权衡/协同关系集聚特征较为分散。理清不同区域生态系统服务间的关系,可避免不必要的权衡风险,为优化河北省土地利用空间布局、实现社会经济发展与生态系统服务双赢奠定研究基础。 相似文献
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Jennifer L. Smith 《Geographical review》2018,108(4):592-614
Expanding beyond narrow approaches of understanding postapartheid space, this research analyzes the social relations contributing to land use patterns and livelihood decisions as manifestations of the coproduction of space. Drawing on a detailed livelihood and land‐change analysis case study of Polokwane, South Africa, it is argued that combinations of social processes across scales contribute to the production of peri‐urban South Africa and offer an uncommon mixed‐methods approach by combining qualitative ethnographic interviews, quantitative survey data, and land‐cover change detection. The peri‐urban interface is coproduced as individuals participate in multiple livelihood activities (wage labor, businesses, social programs) and changing land use patterns (residential, urban, mixed use) through negotiations at multiple scales—from macrolevel economic policy to local labor regimes. 相似文献
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基于成都崇州市耕地实地采样数据和修正的IBIS模型测算数据,对耕地生产有机质、调节大气、涵养水源、土壤保持和净化环境等五种自然生态服务价值进行测算,并与已有相关研究成果进行对比分析。结果表明：① 研究区耕地不同类型的生态服务价值量存在较大差异,由高到低依次为：土壤保持、调节大气、涵养水源、生产有机质、净化环境;② 研究区单位面积耕地生态价值量为29959.5元/hm2,其中土壤保持价值的贡献率最大,占36.35%;③ 与已有研究结果对比分析,由于耕地生态价值内涵界定和测算方法的差异,单位面积耕地生态价值测算结果存在一定差异。研究结果对于科学合理地确定耕地保护的补偿标准和补偿机制构建具有一定的参考指导作用。 相似文献
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Diana Denham 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(9):1064-1079
Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs have taken a variety of forms that depend on many mediating factors, such as national and local politics, land tenure, regional collective action, the capacity of intermediaries, and socio-ecological context. This diversity has produced unsurprisingly mixed experiences, with many falling short of achieving the twin goals of environmental and social benefits and some causing adverse consequences. This study examines one rare PES case that has contributed both to forest conservation and to community livelihoods. In this study, community forest owners from four indigenous communities in the Mexican cloud forest evaluate their participation in ten years of a public PES program to support watershed stewardship. We argue that attention to indigenous sovereignty and self-determination in program implementation contributed to widely appreciated socio-environmental benefits. Though many PES programs are implemented in indigenous communities, scholarly debates have rarely dealt directly with these issues. 相似文献
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土地储备数量是土地储备制度运行中的主要问题,受到国内业界的广泛关注。新增土地储备与城市扩张有着密切的联系,通过SLEUTH元胞自动机模型,用1947年, 1978年, 1990年, 2000年和2005年5个年度城市土地利用变化的遥感影像图,模拟南京未来城市扩张,并结合历年来南京新增储备土地占城市扩张总量经验值比例,得出了新增储备量的测算结果,为测算南京市区土地储备量提供了借鉴方案。该方法不仅在量上可得出增量储备的结果,而且通过GIS空间分析的方法,与未来城市规划的土地利用规划图进行空间叠合,可以初步明确储备的增量分布方案,对土地储备工作具有现实的指导意义。 相似文献
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EMILY YOUNG 《Geographical review》1999,89(3):364-390
ABSTRACT. It is increasingly clear that local participation in conservation endeavors is not only critical but also highly problematic. El VizcaÍno Biosphere Reserve in Baja California Sur, Mexico, is examined to study the difficulties involved in translating community-based conservation rhetoric into on-the-ground nature-protection efforts. This case illustrates how inhabitants of a reserve are marginalized by the very conservation process meant to engage them as key actors in promoting natural-resource protection. It also highlights recent attempts to enhance local participation in reserve endeavors through collaborative efforts among field staff, nongovernmental organizations, and area residents. 相似文献
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Angie Carter 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(8):893-910
Women own or co-own approximately half of the farmland in Iowa, United States, yet researchers are only beginning to study these landowners’ social relationships in relation to their land. This study analyzes qualitative data collected in Iowa through a series of meetings hosted by the Women, Food and Agriculture Network (WFAN). I find that social control through exclusion constrains women landowners’ access to information about and implementation of conservation. Specifically, I identify how women landowners experience the social processes of boundary maintenance and othering in land management. These processes create barriers to conservation adoption and maintain gendered agricultural landscapes. The women who participated in WFAN’s conservation programs express their experience of and resistance to dominant narratives as they attempt to create landscape change. These findings highlight the importance of further study of inequality processes and their relation to control of farmland if conservation goals are to be met. 相似文献
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The importance of the landscape surrounding a protected area for sustaining its values is frequently discussed in conservation literature. Studies on the interactions of urbanisation and nature conservation at the global scale suggest that protected nature attracts urbanisation, and that this in turn might negatively impact the area. However, studies specifically addressing such land use dynamics at city scale are largely missing. In this study we examine the change in proportion of built up area in two zones (500 m and 1000 m) surrounding 15 urban nature reserves in southern Sweden. By using comprehensive maps from the last 50 years, we compared the zones to the overall urbanisation in the cities to reveal discrepancies in land use surrounding the nature reserves. We found that the amount of built up area in the buffer zones surrounding nature reserves followed the same trend as the corresponding cities and this relation was stable over time, although the positive relationship was not significant. The establishment of nature reserves had no detectable effect on surrounding land use, however two distinguished groups of reserves were identified with either more or less built up area in buffers zones compared to cities. These differences were related to specific local drivers such as land ownership, land use history and nature reserve location. In contrast to earlier studies at global scale, our study did not show that nature reserves attract urbanisation. Instead, we stress that the great variety of contextual factors at the city scale makes quantitative analysis of this kind extremely difficult. However, a general neglect from planning and nature conservation agencies to recognise nature reserves’ dependence on the surrounding landscape configuration could be detrimental to sustain their values in the long-term. Hence we suggest that zones surrounding nature-protected areas should be planned and managed according to local land use history and current landscape conditions to enable and enhance necessary cross-boundary interactions. 相似文献
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建立健全生态保护的长效机制以巩固现有生态退耕成果,是目前和未来中国生态建设需要解决的一个重要问题。针对这一问题,本文以最早开始退耕试点的延安市为研究区,利用统计资料,分析了延安市近30年耕地变化过程、耕地变化的政策背景及其作用机理。研究发现,面积逐步减少是延安市1978年以后耕地变化的长期趋势,减少的耕地主要流向果园、林地和草地;政策措施对退耕过程虽具有显著的加速作用,但在市场经济条件下,耕地的长期流向最终决定于各种用途间的比较效益和农户的生产投入能力。研究结果表明,要形成生态保护的长效机制,必须改变退耕土地的比较效益和农户的生产投入能力。 相似文献
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“土地分离和共享框架”是协调物质生产和生态保护、促进土地可持续利用的重要理论。本文梳理了“土地分离与共享框架”和生态系统服务间关联,剖析生态系统服务应用于该框架的理论基础,结合美国典型土地共享案例,分析了土地利用策略选择对粮食生产、生物多样性、直接和间接生态系统服务的影响,并探讨了该框架对中国生态系统工程的启示。结果表明：随着人类对土地功能认知的不断深入,“土地分离与共享框架”的拓展表现为从单一的粮食供给服务需求演进到粮食供给服务和其他生态系统服务的综合需求。当粮食供给服务与其他服务处于权衡状态时,在生态脆弱、恢复力差的地区,不同生态系统服务间多处于凸权衡关系,一般适宜采用分离策略;在生态系统稳定、恢复力强的地区,不同生态系统服务多处于凹权衡关系,一般适宜采用共享策略。结合美国典型土地共享案例发现,其土地利用实践中选择土地功能共享策略是比较适宜的;生态系统服务作为政策评估工具,可在策略选择和评估实施效果中发挥一定作用。研究结果可为可持续土地利用提供理论与方法支撑,并为中国制定土地利用策略提供参考。 相似文献
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澜沧江流域退耕还林农户土地利用变化及其原因分析——以云县晓街乡为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
从退耕还林工程的实施将改变云南省生态环境的大背景出发,采用对比研究的方法对澜沧江流域退耕还林前后农户对土地资源的利用方式、利用强度及空间分布3个方面进行定性研究,探讨了退耕还林工程对项目区土地利用的影响,并得出如下结论：（1）退耕后农户对土地资源的利用变得更为复杂,主要表现在：土地利用面积增减、利用类型变更、空间分布变化及土地利用组合方式变化;（2）退耕还林工程如果只是将当地原有的生产、生活体系打破而又没有建立起合适的替代体系的话,其综合效益的发挥将受到严重影响。建议提高农户对土地资源的利用效率是当前切实发挥和巩固退耕还林工程综合效益的关键;减少农户生产、生活对土地的依赖才是长远之策。 相似文献