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1.
Cities were once thought to be crucibles of secularisation, where the retreat from religion and its expression would be most pronounced. This decline in faith was linked to the heightened levels of heterogeneity and cosmopolitanism within cities. However, there is recent evidence of both the continuation and of the recession of the secularisation process in contemporary Western societies, with the mix and pace of these trends being quite unique to different countries. Significantly, this combination of processes has been argued to be part of a ‘post-secularist’ paradigm. Drawing on census data, this paper examines the spatial patterns of religious affiliation and non-belief in the Australian city of Sydney. Sydney has divergent geographies of faith and non-faith indicating the spatial multiplicities of religious belief. The decrease in Christianity in some areas of the city has been matched by an increase in non-Christian faiths, while in other areas there has been little change. Some parts of the city—especially those areas with a strong mix of affluence, diversity and cosmopolitanism—betray the strongest levels of secularisation and the retreat of faith. At least five geographies of faith and non-belief are recognisable within Sydney. While post-secularisation has been recognised as internationally uneven, this research demonstrates that it is also uneven across a world city like Sydney. The Sydney variations in (de)secularisation reflect city-based effects, including the historic and contemporary patterns of immigrant settlement, established and emerging religious communities, the segmented geographies of class and affluence, and the development of zones of cosmopolitanism. The findings point to the need for further research on the micro-geographies of religious belief and non-belief and community relations, and the on links between religious communities and civil society. 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACT. Even the casual visitor cannot fail to notice unusual activity on the slopes of Northern California's Mount Shasta. Prayer flags, altars, and crystals are found in the meadows; drumming, chanting, and meditation are commonplace. Non‐indigenous spiritual pilgrims have found Mount Shasta a sacred place. An amorphous group of spiritual seekers, these are sometimes referred to as “New Age” adherents or “Crystal People.” Within the Shasta‐Trinity National Forest, the situation of this sacred site exemplifies the difficulties of reconciling nonsecular claims to public lands with secular management mandates. Spiritual activism at Mount Shasta includes recently successful opposition to development of a Forest Service‐endorsed ski area. Using a questionnaire survey and interviews, we compare the characteristics, activities, and attitudes toward resource management of spiritual pilgrims and others who visit Mount Shasta's meadows. Conclusions are drawn about the environmental values and concerns of all visitors and of spiritual pilgrims in particular, including some that bear on pilgrim activities and ecological restoration efforts. 相似文献
3.
城中村流动人口日常活动时空间结构——基于北京若干典型城中村的调查 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在对北京5个城中村进行24 h活动日志实证调查的基础上,发现城中村流动人口在工作日和休息日的时间利用分别可以划分为6类,每一类的时间利用特征都与社会环境及该类人群的属性特征密切相关,其中工作、娱乐、家务等活动起主导作用。就城中村流动人口而言,不同类别人群工作日和休息日活动的时空间结构与其时间利用特征紧密联系,同样也受到社会环境的制约。生活活动路径展示出居民的日常活动正越来越表现出个性化、多样化和差异性的特征,是多种因素共同作用的结果。宏观环境、生活空间以及自身特征3个层次的影响因素综合作用于居民的个体行为,导致城中村流动人口活动时空间结构展现出独特的特征。基于微观个体的日常活动研究可以为掌握城市人群生活空间结构、制定城市规划等提供重要参考。 相似文献
4.
REX J. ROWLEY 《Geographical review》2012,102(1):76-92
Religion is an important, yet overlooked, aspect of local life in Las Vegas, Nevada. Many residents attend worship services and practice faith in an environment that often promotes the opposite of their religious beliefs. Using qualitative data from interviews with clergy across the spectrum of faith traditions, I analyze the adaptation of institutional religion to local circumstances in order to understand how religious belief reflects local sense of place. In a city bifurcated into tourist and local parts, such analysis provides a glimpse into the insider/outsider place dichotomy of long interest to geographers. It further illuminates how religion and place interact. Religious believers, in Las Vegas and elsewhere, often negotiate between their spiritual beliefs and their surrounding cultural environment. 相似文献
5.
基于经济基础理论的中国城市基本-非基本经济活动关系的实证检验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
经济基础理论是分析城市经济活动的经典理论之一,但此理论既没有获得全面认可也没有被完全否定。基于改进的区位商方法、线性回归模型和VAR模型,选取吉林省中小城市、三亚市、海口市、深圳市、广州市作为研究对象,对其基本-非基本经济活动关系进行实证检验。研究发现：1991~2013年,规模相对较小的海口市发展动力主要来源于基本经济活动,与经济基础理论相符合;规模大的广州市经济活动的表现形式与经济基础理论不相符。研究结果表明：“基本-非基本经济活动比例关系随着城市规模的扩大而逐渐减小”这一城市发展必然现象假说对于具备相当规模和一定水平的城市成立,存在城市规模门槛。运用边际乘数法估计“乘数效应”更加有效,平均乘数法估计“乘数效应”存在明显不足。规模大的城市其基本经济活动产生的“乘数效应”弱化,城市经济活动已不符合基本经济模式,表现为基本-非基本经济活动相互依存的模式。结合实证结果,提出了2个有待进一步验证的假设。 相似文献
6.
Ursula Lang 《Urban geography》2013,34(4):477-485
In the past 20 years, municipal governments across the United States have increasingly tried to incorporate environmental efforts into city business and policies. Urban sustainability has become the key concept around which such activities are organized. Official sustainability plans are most often implemented through indicators and metrics. In Minneapolis, Minnesota, urban gardening, in a variety of forms, has been the focus of ongoing citizen- and NGO-led environmental efforts, as well as municipal measures of sustainability. Here, debates around the recent adoption of a city urban agriculture policy, as well as a program to encourage the installation of raingardens in neighborhoods across the city, reveal some of the rich variations in gardening practices and spaces. These far exceed the relatively narrow official focus on sustainability indicators. Better understanding how urban sustainability initiatives might work with, but also move beyond, indicators may provide directions toward wider visions of sustainable urban life. 相似文献
7.
THE WRITING'S ON THE WALL 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Graffiti can be a marker of territory. Youthful grafffiti writers in Auckland have adopted ‘tagging’, a form of graffiti writing linked to the Americanisation of popular culture in New Zealand. Regularities in the presence of ‘tags’ are documented through field observation in suburban and central city locations and related to the daily activities of the taggers. Self-proclamation, not the marking out of turf appears to underlie the territorial dimensions of graffiti in Auckland's urban space. 相似文献
8.
Juliana Mansvelt 《Area》1997,29(4):289-298
Summary Though the usefulness of 'leisure' as an analytical category is in itself problematic, exploring individual experiences of leisure may demonstrate how representations of ageing are embodied and emplaced. Qualitative interviews with 21 residents (over 60 years of age) of a provincial city in New Zealand/Aotearoa illustrate that constructions of ageing as idleness, dependency, inactivity and infirmity may be contested through engaging in leisure activities. Though leisure discourses are associated with notions of freedom, resistance to ageing and ageism may be constrained by constructions of leisure as work. 相似文献
9.
Taras Agryzkov Pablo Martí Leandro Tortosa 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(1):100-121
Among social networks, Foursquare is a useful reference for identifying recommendations about local stores, restaurants, malls or other activities in the city. In this article, we consider the question of whether there is a relationship between the data provided by Foursquare regarding users’ tastes and preferences and fieldwork carried out in cities, especially those connected with business and leisure. Murcia was chosen for case study for two reasons: its particular characteristics and the prior knowledge resulting from the fieldwork. Since users of this network establish, what may be called, a ranking of places through their recommendations, we can plot these data with the objective of displaying the characteristics and peculiarities of the network in this city. Fieldwork from the city itself gives us a set of facilities and services observed in the city, which is a physical reality. An analysis of these data using a model based on a network centrality algorithm establishes a classification or ranking of the nodes that form the urban network. We compare the data extracted from the social network with the data collected from the fieldwork, in order to establish the appropriateness in terms of understanding the activity that takes place in this city. Moreover, this comparison allows us to draw conclusions about the degree of similarity between the preferences of Foursquare users and what was obtained through the fieldwork in the city. 相似文献
10.
Terry R Slater 《Area》2004,36(3):245-253
The geography of religion can be explored from a number of different perspectives. This paper takes an autobiographical approach to explore the numinous experience of God from the point of view of a practising Christian geographer. Such geographical aspects of faith experience remain an under-researched area. The context for the exploration is an academic conference in the city of Bologna, which became, in turn, an experience of religious tourism, a pilgrimage and an unexpected encounter with God. It is contextualized in terms of debates on identity, the nature of pilgrimage, memorials of death, and time–space continuums and fractures. 相似文献
11.
基于微博数据的北京市热点区域意象感知 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
“城市意象”研究对城市文化感知、城市管理与规划、旅游资源开发等具有重要意义。近年来,随着智能移动终端和社交媒体的普及,产生了大量城市内包含有文本和地理位置等信息的社交媒体数据,涉及城市的各个区域,为开展城市意象的综合感知研究提供了新的途径。本文以2016年北京市带位置签到的新浪微博数据为例,在空间聚类发现热点区域的基础上,采用词频—逆文件频率(TF-IDF)与文档主题生成模型LDA两类典型的文本分析的方法,挖掘城市不同热点区域的主题,以感知北京市不同热点区域的社会文化功能和人群行为,并在此基础上通过对热点区域高频主题词进行共词聚类分析,深度挖掘北京市的总体意象。研究表明,运用文本挖掘及地理大数据分析的城市意象研究方法,能及时感知人群在城市不同场所的活动、态度、偏好,从而揭示城市的社会文化及功能特征,是对刻画城市物质形态的城市意象五要素模型的重要补充。此外,以北京市热点区域为例的实证研究结果对现实中的城市特色传承与空间品质塑造等有一定的启发意义。 相似文献
12.
Taras Agryzkov Jose L. Oliver Leandro Tortosa 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(3):479-495
Urban researchers and planners are often interested in understanding how economic activities are distributed in urban regions, what forces influence their special pattern and how urban structure and functions are mutually dependent. In this paper, we want to show how an algorithm for ranking the nodes in a network can be used to understand and visualize certain commercial activities of a city. The first part of the method consists of collecting real information about different types of commercial activities at each location in the urban network of the city of Murcia, Spain. Four clearly differentiated commercial activities are studied, such as restaurants and bars, shops, banks and supermarkets or department stores, but obviously we can study other. The information collected is then quantified by means of a data matrix, which is used as the basis for the implementation of a PageRank algorithm which produces a ranking of all the nodes in the network, according to their significance within it. Finally, we visualize the resulting classification using a colour scale that helps us to represent the business network. 相似文献
13.
Exploring Co-offending Networks by Considering Geographic Background: An Investigation of Electric Bicycle Thefts in Beijing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Co-offending refers to illegal activities that are committed by multiple parties together. Little attention has been paid to co-offenders' geographic background when examining co-offender groups. To investigate the impact of geographic homophilous relation on co-offending networks, we analyzed the offender data of electric bicycle thefts in Beijing between 2010 and 2012. Geographic information system and social network analysis methods were used. Three major findings are reported in this article. Most electric bicycle thieves in Beijing are immigrants to the city, and most of them are from a number of clustered places in Central China. Most co-offender groups are formed through inward offending ties, meaning that the co-offenders are from the same town or city; however, for the cross-area co-offenders, the co-offending networks tend to be complex. For the co-offending networks formed by cross-area co-offenders, a few key areas play important roles in the formation of co-offending networks as they supply more and dynamic co-offenders. The findings have theoretical and practical implications for understanding and managing co-offending networks for Beijing's electric bicycle thefts. 相似文献
14.
15.
《Urban geography》2013,34(2):128-149
This paper examines the impact of the 1978 economic reforms on the socialist nature of the Chinese city, using Guangzhou, one of the most open cities in China, as a case study. Despite a reorientation of Guangzhou's role as a trade center and port, labor is still predominantly engaged in the secondary sector with a strong emphasis on heavy industry. Tertiary activities have only recently attained an equivalent level of importance during the early Communist period and exhibit a noticeable dearth of the more advanced forms of tertiary activities, such as finance, insurance, and real estate. The spatial structure of the city of Guangzhou has developed according to a State-approved Master Plan with socialist influences and has evolved into three interdependent linear clusters separated by agricultural land and linked by west-east-running highways and railroads. Residential differentiation is based on occupation types which are related to the land use in the city. The city planners continue to practice the socialist method of planning, including standardization, city-size control, and application of the neighborhood unit concept. The economic system of the city is still firmly based on public (state sector) production. Guangzhou exhibits the characteristics of a city in transition from a planned system to a market-oriented economy and highlights the political-ideological conflicts of urban development in post-reform China. 相似文献
16.
cand.phil KRISTEN FREDRIK STRAY 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):42-48
Stray, Kristen Fredrik: Små og mellomstore industribedrifter i Oslo indre by. Problemer, konflikter og tiltak i byfornyelsen. Geografisk Tidsskrift 83: 42–48, May 1., 1983. In 1977 the City Council of Oslo passed an act of city renewal. 18 renewal districts in the inner part of Oslo were chosen. These areas with houses and housing facilities of low quality consist of a mixture of dwellings and economic activities of industry and trade. This paper deals with the problems and conflicts one meets when bringing through a renewal programme of housing and environmental improvements that cause restrictions to future economic activities or force firms to move out. 相似文献
17.
John Lauermann 《Urban geography》2016,37(1):77-95
Municipal governments produce a seemingly endless supply of urban strategic plans, which purport to define the city by making claims on its future development trajectories. Critics note that this claimsmaking on “the city” renders it conceptually vacuous and overextended. Yet it is essential to question the degree to which speculative policymaking is merely rhetorical. Discursive claimsmaking on the city through strategic planning documents is an important technique in urban politics—a form of targeted simplification that benefits particular stakeholders by defining the city around sites in which they are invested. Bids to host sporting “mega-events” like the Olympic Games are a case in point: event planning corporations routinely make claims on the city, which strategically simplify its forms and processes, often by defining the city in ways that mediate between particular land investment projects and broad visions for citywide development. The implication is that claimsmaking on the city through urban strategic planning is intentionally simplistic and acts as an ideological practice for justifying urban development projects. 相似文献
18.
中国城市群空间结构的演化与影响因素——基于人口分布的形态单中心—多中心视角 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
城市群是未来中国城镇化的主要空间载体,研究城市群空间结构的演化特征和影响因素具有重要意义。已有文献较少从形态单中心—多中心视角研究中国城市群空间结构的演化和影响因素,而且通常采用户籍人口而非常住人口测度城市群空间结构,导致测量误差。为解决这个问题,本文采用基于人口普查的常住人口数据进行分析,并运用联合国数据对结果进行佐证。以已有文献采用客观标准界定的13个城市群为样本,使用规模-位序法则测度城市群的形态单中心—多中心程度,探究城市群的空间结构演化趋势和影响因素。结果发现,1980年代以来大多数城市群的空间结构呈现多中心化趋势;人均GDP水平的提高和人口规模的增加是导致城市群空间结构多中心化的主要原因。因此,政府对于空间结构偏多中心的城市群,应强化城市间的交通联系和政策一体化,获取更大的发展红利;对于个别处于单中心化阶段的城市群,政策导向则避免过早地多中心化。 相似文献
19.
宋代妈祖信仰传播的地理过程及其推力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对宋代妈祖信仰传播的地理空间分布及扩散态势与不同信仰人群间的关联进行分析,认为民间信仰的一种传播和扩散途径是从较低的社会阶层开始,逐步向较高的社会阶层扩散,并随着不同信仰人群的不同行为方式和活动空间特征,向着不同的传播路径进行传播,并形成不同的地理空间分布特征。宋代是妈祖信仰发展的初期,渔民、海员海商和地方士绅官员这些不同的信仰群体在妈祖信仰传播地域扩大过程中先后加入,逐步实现信仰的等级扩散。不同信仰群体对其地域扩散推动方式不同:渔民群体以短距离传染性扩展扩散为主,海员海商群体以长距离迁移扩散为主,士绅官宦群体二者兼而有之。不同信仰群体对信仰地域传播形成的地理分布态势不同。渔民群体产生沿海岸小范围密集型分布,海员海商产生港口集镇分布特征,士绅官宦推动信仰向着政治中心传播。这些不同的传播类型和分布态势与各人群活动地域和行为方式密切相关。 相似文献
20.
基于结构方程模型的城市公园居民游憩满意度 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
城市公园是承载居民日常游憩的主要空间,度量居民在城市公园的游憩满意度对于改善公园的游憩品质具有重要意义。结合城市公园的游憩特征和影响因素,文章构建了用于测度居民游憩满意度(RRSI)的结构方程模型;并以北京城市公园为例,在量表设计和问卷调查基础上,对居民游憩满意度进行了研究。研究结果表明,在影响居民游憩满意度的三大潜变量中,可达程度对居民游憩满意度影响最大,其次分别是感知质量和感知价值。深入分析发现,可达程度中的“公共交通”、“与居住区距离”,感知质量中的“景观品质”、“休憩设施”、“公园治安”、“文娱活动”、“标识系统”,感知价值中的“门票及消费”等观测变量对潜变量的作用更明显,是影响居民游憩满意度的主要因子。在研究结果的基础上,文章提出了改善城市公园游憩品质可资借鉴的政策建议。 相似文献