共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
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由颗粒定向排列导致的初始各向异性对净砂力学特性影响明显。为探究这一影响,首先采用自编的离散元软件生成4种不同沉积方向的椭圆颗粒净砂样,并分别对4种试样进行双轴压缩试验;其次,通过将离散元模拟结算与室内试验结果对比以验证该方法的可行性;最后,通过分析模拟结果研究沉积方向所产生的影响。结果表明：4种试样均出现应变软化及剪胀现象;随着沉积角? 的增加,试样具有由应变软化逐渐向应变硬化发展的趋势,试样的剪胀性逐渐减弱;在?=0°时试样取得最大峰值内摩擦角和最大残余内摩擦角,且随着? 的增大试样的峰值内摩擦角先降低然后基本不变,残余内摩擦角逐渐减小;颗粒排列初始优势方向基本与沉积方向平行,但随着轴向应变的增大,颗粒排列优势方向逐渐向平行于加载面方向旋转,接触点的优势方向由最初垂直于沉积方向逐渐向垂直于加载面方向旋转,且这两种旋转的改变幅度随着沉积角? 的增大而增大;而强接触力的优势方向始终垂直于试样的加载面。 相似文献
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为得到层状岩体在真三轴压缩情况下的强度变形特征,利用数值分析方法建立计算模型,得到不同结构面倾角? 下试样的应力和变形响应,结果表明,(1) 加载初期,结构面倾角? = 0°和? = 90°试样对应的初始弹性模量最大;随着试样变形的增大,对应的弹性模量以? = 90°、60°、0°的顺序逐渐减小;? = 90°和? = 0°试样发生破坏的脆性特征比较明显;(2) 随着围压? 3 = σ2的增大,压缩强度? 1不断增大;围压对强度极值发生的位置影响不大;(3) 最小主应力与结构面走向平行情况下,随着中间主应力? 2的增大,试样压缩强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势;随着最小主应力? 3的增大,? 1逐渐增大;当? 3较小时,二者符合线性关系;随着? 3的增大,二者的关系逐渐呈现非线性特征;并且结构面滑移破坏型试样的非线性特征更加明显;(4) 最小主应力与结构面走向垂直的情况下层状岩体的压缩强度与中间主应力和最小主应力的关系均呈现显著的线性特征。 相似文献
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2017年九寨沟震后核心景区广泛发育崩滑堆积体,震后3年间受降雨影响下坡面泥石流频发,严重威胁景区恢复重建。为了研究坡面径流冲刷对崩滑堆积体启动的影响,基于2017－2020年的持续跟踪调查与高分辨率遥感影像解译,利用现场冲刷试验及原位监测,分析了径流冲刷条件下堆积体的渗流响应特征、侵蚀运移过程及冲刷启动机制。结果表明：（1）冲刷过程中坡面物质以下蚀、面蚀、溯源侵蚀及侧蚀为主,湿润锋下移致使坡体内体积含水率与孔隙水压力增大,达到峰值后处于动态稳定状态,而基质吸力则先小幅度波动后不断减小。（2）崩滑堆积体具有坡度陡、土体孔隙间细粒含量多、渗透性良好且抗冲刷能力弱等特征,在强烈的水动力条件下启动演化过程为先期渗透→铲刮滑流→快速堆积→局部饱和侵蚀?稳定。（3）不同饱和状态下堆积体启动的力学分析与现场试验监测结果较为一致,并结合冲刷试验成果认为,土体含水率升高、孔隙水压力急剧增大、基质吸力快速减小与高强度径流冲刷是堆积体启动之机制所在。该研究结果对于震后泥石流活动的长期效应预测与生态治理具有重要意义。 相似文献
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基于对乌鲁木齐市头屯河区二号台地人工开挖边坡及滑塌体的大量现场调查、勘测及边坡岩土体室内试验、典型边坡稳定性分析计算,得出不同岩土体、坡面形态与边坡稳定性之间的关系:滑塌堆积体体积大、一般上部为凹坡、砾石含量高、砂含量低则坡体相对稳定,现场测得这类滑塌体临界坡角约36°;砂砾石坡体表现为崩塌破坏,滑塌体含砂量越高越容易垮塌、临界坡角约28°～32°;边坡露头底部强风化泥质砂岩差异风化明显,细砾及砂含量高则易垮塌;细粉砂及含钙质结核的粉土区低缓坡基本稳定,而高陡边坡先期以蠕动变形为主,后期趋于垮塌;滑塌体临界坡角为28°～36°,且随着滑塌体临界坡角的增大,边坡稳定性系数有所提高。 相似文献
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以天津海积软黏土为研究对象,对原状土及重塑土进行了不同固结压力、应力路径、加荷速率、排水条件下的三轴剪切试验,以应力比结构性参数与应变的关系来描述结构性衰减,研究了不同加荷模式下的结构损伤特性。结果表明,固结压力小于结构屈服应力时,剪切阶段的初始结构性和损伤速率基本不受固结压力影响,固结压力大于结构屈服应力时,初始结构性和损伤速率则随固结压力的增大而减小;在0相似文献
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寒区工程中的土颗粒在重力作用下沿优势方向沉积排列而形成横观各向同性冻土材料。不考虑沉积方向与荷载方向之间沉积角的影响可能会错误估计实际工程中冻土的变形特征与承载力。然而,现有文献尚未探究沉积角对冻土工程特性的影响。针对这一问题,开展了不同温度条件下沉积角对冻土单轴压缩变形与强度特性影响的试验研究。通过所研发的制样模具制备了具有4种不同沉积角δ的冻土试样（δ=0°、30°、60°和90°）,在设定的4种不同温度T条件下（T=-5、-10、-15℃和-20℃）对具有不同沉积角δ的冻土试样开展了单轴压缩试验,分析了T与δ对冻土的变形模式、破坏特征以及单轴抗压强度的显著影响。根据冻土应力-应变曲线的归一化结果及其软化段斜率的变化规律,将冻土单轴压缩变形模式在T与δ影响下分为变形模式I、II和III。根据结果可知,随着T降低以及δ趋于60°,冻土的变形模式趋于由变形模式I过渡到变形模式III,试样破坏模式由鼓胀的X形剪切带破坏趋于破坏范围较小的单剪切面破坏,而冻土单轴抗压强度随T降低而增大的同时,随δ增加表现出先减小后增大的趋势。 相似文献
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为了研究粒状材料的各向异性力学行为与细观组构演化之间的关系,采用自主研发的双轴压缩试验系统,以圆形和椭圆形截面的金属棒状材料组成的二维堆积体为试验对象,对不同大主应力方向角?（沉积面与大主应力作用面的夹角）的试样进行了各向等压、常侧向压力、等p剪切3种应力路径试验,并通过分析试样在不同变形阶段的数字照片得到了其细观组构演化规律。发现对于椭圆形截面的试样存在一个卓越剪切方向,随剪应变增大,颗粒长轴呈现出向该方向偏转的趋势,并且在大变形条件下沿该方向形成剪切带;卓越剪切方向与沉积面方向关系不大,而与大主应力作用面方向夹角约为45°+ /2, 为残余内摩擦角;随卓越剪切方向与沉降方向夹角的不同,颗粒偏转程度的不同是导致剪胀特性和峰值强度各向异性的主要原因 相似文献
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通过室内模拟试验,在坡度为3°和9°、流量为20和60L/min条件下研究了不同浓度(0～350kg/m3)含沙水流流经草地的泥沙沉积过程及其水力学特性。结果表明,坡面泥沙沉积量随含沙量的增加而增大,3°时泥沙沉积率与含沙量呈正相关,而9°时沉积率与含沙量呈反势。坡度对泥沙沉积影响显著,而在相同坡度条件下,两种流量试验的泥沙沉积量无明显差异。相同坡面坡上部位流速小于坡下部位,且含沙量对坡面流速影响较小。在相同坡度和流量条件下,水流雷诺数随含沙量的增大而减小。3°时水流阻力系数和曼宁糙率均随含沙量的增加而增大,而9°时含沙量对阻力影响不明显,因此在土壤侵蚀较严重地区进行坡面水文过程演算时需考虑含沙量对缓坡糙率的影响。 相似文献
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利用放水冲刷试验结合稀土元素(REE)示踪技术对坡面侵蚀产沙特征及其时空变化进行了研究。结果表明:在径流冲刷下,坡面侵蚀产沙可分为三个不同的阶段并对应不同的产沙特征。其空间变化表现为,在6°、9°情况下,坡面不同坡段的相对侵蚀量沿下坡方向呈现出先减小后增大的趋势;在12°小流量情况下,坡面各坡段的相对侵蚀量与坡度较小的情况相似,当流量较大时,坡面各不同坡段的相对侵蚀量随坡长的增大而减小。但坡面最下端坡段的相对侵蚀量总是随着冲刷历时的延长而减小,其余各坡段的相对侵蚀量则呈现出缓慢的波动式上升。 相似文献
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Three-dimensional Discrete Element Method simulations have been performed to study the deformation of cross-anisotropic granular materials under principal stress rotation (PSR), for rotation planes oriented at different angles θ with respect to the bedding plane. The simulations have been conducted with a novel technique for applying specified stresses at three-dimensional boundaries. The results are qualitatively in agreement with experimental results from literature. Cumulative volume contraction is always observed under continuous PSR and increases with increasing θ. The dilatancy rate decreases with increasing number of PSR cycles, tending to zero. The noncoaxiality angle between the strain increment and the stress in the PSR plane increases with increasing number of cycles, reaching the same asymptotic value for samples of various densities and for various θ. Periodic oscillations of the dilatancy rate and noncoaxiality angle within each PSR cycle are observed with an increasing oscillation magnitude with increasing θ, due to the larger fabric anisotropy within the PSR plane. When θ = 30 or 60°, significant noncoaxial strain accumulation occurs in the plane perpendicular to the PSR plane due to the oblique angle between the PSR plane and the bedding plane, echoing the major principal fabric direction's being neither parallel nor perpendicular to the PSR plane. The macroscopic behavior of the samples is related to the microscopic parameters including coordination number and fabric anisotropy. With increasing number of cycles, the difference between normalized stress/strain/fabric increment tensors tends to become constant, with only a small lag between each pair, irrespective of θ. 相似文献
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为研究片岩的各向异性特征,采用室内三轴压缩试验,获取α=0°、α=45°、α=90° 3种片理倾角试样的应力-应变曲线及强度和变形数据。进一步构建7组片理倾角下的标准圆柱体模型,以室内试验获取的数据为依据,反演材料介质力学参数,利用FLAC3D模拟、探讨了不同片理倾角的片岩破坏模式及抗压强度的片理倾角效应和围压效应。结果表明,三轴压缩条件下,片岩的破坏模式主要分为斜切片理剪切破坏和顺片理剪切滑移破坏,对应的变形破坏的控制结构亦不同。相同围压下,片岩抗压强度随片理倾角呈非对称的"U"字型变化,抗压强度最大值始终位于α=90°,最小值分布在α=45°或α=60°处。围压增大时,对顺片理倾角破坏的片岩强度的增强效应趋于弱化。此外,分析了各向异性岩石抗压强度最大值分布位置的影响因素,发现岩石均匀性程度对各向异性岩石的抗压强度最大值的分布有重要影响,均匀性较差时,最大值位于α=90°;反之,最大值出现于α=0°。 相似文献
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IAN STATHAM 《Sedimentology》1974,21(1):149-162
Rotating drum experiments on the repose angles of mixtures of glass spheres have shown that φr (angle of shear) is strongly influenced by the proportions of the mixture. It was found that φr reached a peak value for the minimum porosity mixture; where the pore spaces between the large particles were just filled with small material; which was attributed to increased dilatation on the shear plane during avalanching. The geomorphic significance of these observations, in terms of slope development, is discussed. Secondly, the results of the experiments showed that, although more constant than φi (limiting angle of repose), φr was subject to some variation. Thus φr, as measured in a rotating drum, is not a true constant and can not be exactly analogous to φ'cv (angle of internal sliding friction at constant volume) as measured in a shearbox test—as has been previously suggested. It is tentatively suggested that at least some of the variability in φr is attributable to the magnitude of the immediately preceding value of φi, in that an unusually high value of φi, favours a lower value of φr due to the greater amount of kinetic energy released on failure. 相似文献
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为计算确定桩前滑面倾斜情况下加固边坡的抗滑桩最小嵌固深度,基于倾斜地面条件的抗滑桩计算地基系数法,确定嵌固段桩侧土层压力,同时采用塑性极限分析方法,推导与滑面倾角密切相关的嵌固段土层极限抗力,并根据桩侧地层最大压力不超过其极限抗力的条件,建立了抗滑桩最小嵌固深度计算方法,并确定了其与滑面倾角的关系。实例分析表明,抗滑桩最小嵌固深度随滑面倾角呈非线性增大,在倾角为10°～30°范围内变化显著;嵌固段地层黏聚力、内摩擦角和重度对抗滑桩最小嵌固深度均有明显影响,且呈负相关关系;本文方法所得桩体最小嵌固深度比传统考虑桩前滑面倾斜影响的方法约小18%。 相似文献
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Vicksburg loess is characterized by preferred orientation of constituent grains, which on the average dip 4° toward the west (N 80–85°W). This investigation was undertaken to study, quantitatively, the relationship between natural fabric anisotropies of Vicksburg loess and the orientation of applied stress distribution Results of the study indicate the fabric anisotropies in Vicksburg loess are reflected by definite variation in triaxial shear strength of dry and moist specimens.
In two series of triaxial tests, ultimate strength of the loess is maximum where σ1 is perpendicular to grain orientation, and it is reduced where the principal stresses are 45° to the fabric plane. In this respect, Vicksburg loess may serve as a structural model for granular earth materials in illustrating the influence of fabric on ultimate strength. Moreover, the Mohr-Coulomb fracture line consists of two line segments, with an increase in slope at higher confining pressure. This characteristic suggests that poorly-cemented sands, or sandstones, and silts, or siltstones, may undergo two failures: one at small strains where cement bonds are disrupted and the other at larger strains where internal shearing resistance of granular components is exceeded. 相似文献
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Many experiments on conical piles of granular materials have indicated, contrary to simple intuition that the maximum vertical stress does not occur directly beneath the sand‐pile vertex but rather at some distance from the apex resulting in a ring of maximum vertical stress. Some recent experiments have shown that the observed stress dip is very much dependent on construction history. A multi‐slip model has been proposed to investigate the stress dip phenomenon in granular heaps. The double‐slip version of the model was implemented into ABAQUS and used to study the vertical stress distribution along the base of a granular pile. The numerical simulations show that plastic deformation is confined within the localized region around the apex while the rest of the pile is in an elastic state of deformation. Within the plastic region the stress distribution differs significantly depending on the initial active slip orientation. The results show that for homogenous state of granular materials such as those produced by a raining procedure the vertical stress profile along the base reached its peak at the apex (i.e. no dip was observed). On the contrary, granular heaps constructed by the use of a localized source such as a funnel resulted in a significant reduction in the stress distribution within the ring with the minimum attained beneath the peak (i.e. a dip). Therefore, we believe that the initial microstructure and thus the initial slip orientation resulting from sand deposition is the source of the stress dip phenomenon. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Ciantia Matteo O. Arroyo Marcos O’Sullivan Catherine Gens Antonio 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(5):1337-1356
In granular soils grain crushing reduces dilatancy and stress obliquity enhances crushability. These are well-supported specimen-scale experimental observations. In principle, those observations should reflect some peculiar micromechanism associated with crushing, but which is it? To answer that question the nature of crushing-induced particle-scale interactions is here investigated using an efficient DEM model of crushable soil. Microstructural measures such as the mechanical coordination number and fabric are examined while performing systematic stress probing on the triaxial plane. Numerical techniques such as parallel and the newly introduced sequential probing enable clear separation of the micromechanical mechanisms associated with crushing. Particle crushing is shown to reduce fabric anisotropy during incremental loading and to slow fabric change during continuous shearing. On the other hand, increased fabric anisotropy does take more particles closer to breakage. Shear-enhanced breakage appears then to be a natural consequence of shear-enhanced fabric anisotropy. The particle crushing model employed here makes crushing dependent only on particle and contact properties, without any pre-established influence of particle connectivity. That influence does not emerge, and it is shown how particle connectivity, per se, is not a good indicator of crushing likelihood.
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