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1.
采用现代仪器地震记录和烈度资料,我们建立了用于定量估算历史地震震级和震中位置的烈度衰减模型和分析方法,并对我国西南川滇地区的历史和近代地震的震中和震级进行了重新分析.利用20世纪以来该地区十四个有仪器记录的地震（5.9≤Ms≤8.0）及相应的烈度数据,对其烈度-震级-震中距衰减关系进行标定,并建立了用于震中和震级估算的烈度衰减模型.结果表明,当震级一定时,川滇地区烈度随震中距增大而衰减的速率明显小于美国加州地区（～60%）.在衰减模型基础之上,发展了确定震中区域和震级的网格搜索试算方法（GSTSL）,并给出了确定震中位置和震级的等值线置信值.采用所建立的分析方法,对1786年康定地震,1850年西昌地震,1913年峨山地震和1970年通海地震进行了分析,给出了更为精确合理的结果. 相似文献
2.
Numerous historical reports of damaging earthquakes in the Levant have accumulated over the last 3000 years. Here, we screen that information and focus on the damaging earthquakes that affected Israel from the second millennia BCE to the 1927 CE Jericho earthquake and list the earthquakes by date, of major damage, type of sequence, and degree of size. The compilation results in three different lists: (i) 71 reliable earthquakes that in our opinion were most probably associated with the Dead Sea Transform (DST) and affected Israel and its close surroundings; (ii) 41 questionable earthquakes that should be re-evaluated or ignored; and (iii) 46 earthquakes that probably occurred but were erroneously associated with damage in Israel. What emerges from the list of the reliable earthquakes is that (i) Israel and its close surroundings suffered damage about 32 times during the last two millennia, that is, once in about 60 years, although not regularly; (ii) 21 of the earthquakes occurred during the last millennia, i.e., an event every ～45 years; and (iii) three intervals of increased reporting are noticed: between the fourth and the mid-eighth century, from the beginning of the eleventh to the end of the thirteenth century, and from the end of the eighteenth century up to the last entry in 1927, though this period may be extended until today. In-depth evaluation of the changing regimes over time within the study area, the historical reports of earthquake damage outside of Israel, and comparison with physical paleo- and archaeo-seismology evidence, such as the “137–206” and “165–236” paleoseismic earthquakes for which there is no historical match, indicates that the historical list is far from being complete. Thus, we argue that the apparent cycles of historical reporting do not necessarily reflect the actual rate of seismic activity and further investigation is needed to establish a compiled, multi-sourced list to decipher the true nature of cycles of strong earthquakes in this region during historical times. 相似文献
3.
Application of the stress evolutionary model along the Xiaojiang fault zone in Yunnan Province,Southeast China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Parthena M. Paradisopoulou Charikleia G. Garlaouni Xueshen Jin Eleftheria E. Papadimitriou Vasileios G. Karakostas Jialiang Yang 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(4):577-593
The Xiaojiang fault zone constitutes part of the major Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang left lateral structure that bounds the rhombic-shaped
block of Yunnan-Sichuan to the east. Long strike slip fault zones that have repeatedly accommodated intense seismic activity,
constitute a basic feature of southeast China. Known historical earthquakes to have struck the study area are the 1713 Xundian
of M6.8, 1725 Wanshou mountain of M6.8, the 1733 Dongchuan of M7.8, and the strongest one, the 1833 Songming of M8.0. Although instrumental record did not report events of this magnitude class, the 18th century clustering as well as the
19th century large event prompted the investigation of stress transfer along this fault zone. Coulomb stress changes were
calculated assuming that earthquakes can be modeled as static dislocations in an elastic half-space, and taking into account
both the coseismic slip in strong (M ≥ 6.8) earthquakes and the slow tectonic stress buildup along the major fault segments. Geological and geodetic data are
used to infer the geometry of these faults and long term slip rates on them, as well as for the fault segments that slipped.
Evidence is presented that the strong historical events as well as the ones of smaller magnitude that occurred during the
instrumental era, are located in areas where the static stress was enhanced. By extending the calculations up to present,
possible sites for future strong events are identified. 相似文献
4.
A. A. Nikonov 《Seismic Instruments》2014,50(2):155-168
The Kaliningrad earthquakes of September 21, 2004, were unpredicted and unprecedented in intensity. These features determine the necessity of a thorough search for the historical records on past strong seismic events in the region. Based on the discovered historical data, the paper analyzes the seismic activation at the beginning of the 14th century. The historical event is parameterized and compared with the 2004 Kaliningrad earthquakes. An attempt is made to estimate the seismic potential of the region and to clarify the main features of its long-term seismic regime. 相似文献
5.
Historical seismicity of South China from European sources：example of the Hong Kong Newspaper Press 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. M. W. MUSSON 《地震学报(英文版)》1995,8(3):487-490
ＨｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｉｔｙｏｆＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａｆｒｏｍＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ：ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆｔｈｅＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇＮｅｗｓｐａｐｅｒＰｒｅｓｓＲ．Ｍ．Ｗ．ＭＵＳＳＯＮ（ＢｒｉｔｉｓｈＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｕｒｖｅｙ，Ｗｅ... 相似文献
6.
In this study we use the term record threshold of a historical earthquake for the seismic intensity (EMS92) in an area where a given percentage P of the serial sources of places have recorded the event as been noticed there. The record threshold is understood as a limiting measure, below which warranted statements about the intensity cannot be given. P defines the acceptable uncertainty and can be chosen according to the demands of the special task, for instance, 10%. It is shown that the record threshold of historical earthquakes is not the same as the human perceptibility threshold of earthquakes of the 20th Century. The historical sources have to be selected using criteria such as completeness and homogenity of data. This demand is approximately met by inquiries for sources covering an area greater than the expected felt area of the historical earthquake.The Friuli event of 25 January 1348 is presented as an example. It is compared with the well known Friuli event of 6 May 1976 in order to calibrate its intensity. The record threshold of the 1348 event was probably IV or less than IV EMS92 for P = 10%. The method, properly modified, can be applied to different cultural epochs and areas. This result throws a light on the possible error in determining the felt area of historical events. 相似文献
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以巴颜喀拉块体为研究对象,考虑区域地质构造差异,主要活动断裂带,活动块体和边界断裂带的划分结果,引入深部三维速度结构,建立能反映地表起伏和岩石圈分层结构的青藏高原地区三维黏弹性有限元模型.以地壳水平运动速率观测值和最大主压应力方向测量值为约束条件重建研究区现今构造背景应力场.在此基础上模拟了自1900年以来巴颜喀拉块体周缘的7级以上强震序列,从库仑破裂应力角度研究了应力演化与强震的关系、强震之间的相互作用关系以及长期构造加载对强震的影响.研究结果表明,巴颜喀拉块体周缘强震的发生可能与震源区总应力的增加有关.2008年汶川地震导致龙门山断裂带南段应力增加,表明汶川地震对2013年芦山地震有促进作用.鲜水河断裂带上的7级以上强震序列对发生在邻近龙门山断裂带上的2008年汶川地震和2013年芦山地震有延迟作用. 相似文献
9.
Franck A. Audemard 《Journal of Seismology》2007,11(3):311-326
In light of the July 9, 1997, Cariaco earthquake, it is clearly understood now that damage in the city of Cumaná – located
in northeastern Venezuela and frequently destroyed by the largest earthquakes since the first recorded event in 1530 – is
strongly enhanced by poor soil conditions that, in turn, are responsible for site amplification and widespread earthquake-induced
effects. Therefore, most previous macroseismic studies of historical earthquakes must be revaluated because those localized
high-intensity values at Cumaná surely led to the misestimation of past epicenters. Preliminary paleoseismic results, gathered
at three exploratory trenches dug across the surface break of the Cariaco 1997 earthquake in 1998, allow us to associate the
1684 earthquake with this recently ruptured fault segment that extends between the towns of San Antonio del Golfo and Río
Casanay (roughly between the two gulfs of Cariaco and Paria, state of Sucre). Other major results from the reassessment of
the seismic history of this fault are: (a) the 1766 event seems to have generated in a different source to the El Pilar fault
because the size of the felt area suggests that it is an intermediate-depth earthquake; (b) damage to Cumaná produced by the
1797 event suggests that this was a local earthquake, perhaps equivalent to the 1929 earthquake, which ruptured for some 30 km
just east of Cumaná into the Gulf of Cariaco; and (c) seismogenic association of the 1530 and 1853 earthquakes still remains
unclear but it is very likely that these ruptures occurred offshore, as suggested by the rather large tsunami waves that both
events have generated, placing their hypocenters west of Cumaná in the Cariaco Trough. This reassessment also sheds light
into the El Pilar fault segmentation and the behavior of its seismogenic barriers through time. 相似文献
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11.
川滇交界东段NE向昭通、莲峰断裂带的研究程度较低.为了了解该断裂带是否存在发生强震/大地震的危险背景,我们基于区域活动构造与动力学、重新定位的小震分布和震源机制解、历史地震破裂区、GPS形变场、现代地震活动及其参数图像等多学科的信息进行综合研究.结果表明:昭通、莲峰断裂带是川滇-华南活动块体/地块边界带的一部分,也是活动及变形的大凉山次级块体与相对稳定的华南地块之间的边界带;结构上表现为2个平行展布、朝南东推覆的断裂带,现今运动为带有显著逆冲分量的右旋走滑性质.沿昭通断裂带无大地震的时间至少为1700 余年,目前存在地震空区.GPS变形图像反映昭通、莲峰断裂带已不同程度闭锁.另外,昭通断裂带的鲁甸附近以及莲峰断裂带的南段分别存在异常低b值区或高应力区.已由低b值区和小震空白区识别出昭通断裂带上的鲁甸-彝良之间存在高应力闭锁段,并估计出其潜在地震的最大矩震级为MW7.4.本研究因此认为昭通断裂带存在发生强震/大地震的中-长期危险背景, 而莲峰断裂带的危险性还需进一步研究. 相似文献
12.
Alessandro Maria Michetti Luca Ferreli Leonello Serva Eutizio Vittori 《Journal of Geodynamics》1997,24(1-4)
The Pollino Range is the southernmost segment of the Southern Apennines at the boundary with the Calabrian Arc. While several strong earthquakes (magnitude 6.5–7.0) have occurred in nearby regions, the Pollino area has no known historical record of seismic events of magnitude > 5. We carried out an aerial photograph interpretation and a field survey of the Pollino fault (the major Quaternary normal fault of the area) in order to characterize geologically the seismic potential of this structure. We dug two sets of trenches across fault scarps within the apecies of latest Pleistocene to Holocene alluvial fans at the Masseria Quercia Marina (MQM) and Grotta Carbone (GC) sites, in the central segment of the southern Pollino Range front. At both sites we identified two surface faulting events affecting the alluvial fan deposits and two overlying colluvial units of historical age. The penultimate event produced a vertical offset of 80–90 cm at GC and 50–60 cm at MQM; while the last event produced a vertical offset of 40–50 cm at GC and few centimeters of offset at MQM. Detailed geomorphological field observations suggest that the two historical earthquakes reactivated the entire length of the Masseria Marzano-Civita segment of the Pollino fault (rupture length about 18 km). For events in this range of rupture length and vertical displacement, comparison with surface faulting earthquakes in the Apennines (and abroad) indicates a magnitude of 6.5–7.0. Therefore, the maximum potential earthquake and the seismic hazard of the Pollino area are significantly larger than that suggested by the available historical seismic catalogue. 相似文献
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14.
We examine an eruptive sequence in late 2007 at Bezymianny Volcano to characterize the magmatic plumbing system and eruption-related seismicity. Earthquake locations reveal seismicity below and offset to the north of the volcano along a tectonic fault. Based on historical seismicity, the magma chamber is postulated to have a top at about 6 km depth. Minor dome explosions, large sub-plinian eruptions and dome collapses are analyzed using an automated event classification scheme. Low-frequency tremor, interpreted as gas escape, and low-frequency earthquakes are a dominant proportion of the energy released. We also examine multiplet earthquakes whose behavior during the study period changed significantly and systematically before the largest eruption, demonstrating the potential of tracking multiplets to assess changing conditions with the conduit. 相似文献
15.
Microzonation of the city of Basel 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During the past centuries, the city of Basel has suffered damage caused by earthquakes. One extraordinary event described in historical documents is the strong earthquake which occurred in 1356. The 1356 event, one of the strongest earthquakes in northwest-Europe, was obviously much stronger than the low-magnitude earthquakes observed in the area during this century. Even though the present seismicity in the Basel area is low, strong earthquakes have to be expected due to the city's geographical location close to the northern boundary of the African-European convergence zone, at the southern end of the Rhinegraben. A crucial step towards preparedness for future events and mitigation of earthquake risk involves a microzonation study of the city. The study is carried out in three steps: (1) a detailed mapping of the geology and geotechnical properties of the area, (2) measurement, interpretation and modelling of ambient noise data, and (3) numerical modelling of expected ground motions during earthquakes. A qualitative microzonation of the centre of Basel is presented, and it is discussed by comparing it to the historically reported damage of the 1356 earthquake. 相似文献
16.
There was an earthquake swarm of two major events of MS6.3 and MS5.8 on the Xianshuihe fault in November, 2014. The two major earthquakes are both strike-slip events with aftershock zone along NW direction.We have analyzed the characteristics of this earthquake sequence. The b value and the h value show the significant variations in different periods before and after the MS5.8earthquake. Based on the data of historical earthquakes, we also illustrated the moderate-strong seismic activity on the Xianshuihe fault. The Kangding earthquake swarm manifests the seismic activity on Xianshuihe fault may be in the late seismic active period. The occurrence of the Kangding earthquake may be an adjustment of the strong earthquakes on the Xianshuihe fault. The Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the historical earthquakes were also given in this article. The results indicate that the earthquake swarm was encouraged by the historical earthquakes since1893, especially by the MS7.5 Kangding earthquake in1955. The Coulomb failure stress changes also shows the subsequent MS5.8 earthquake was triggered by the MS6.3earthquake. 相似文献
17.
The archaeological site of Qasr Tilah, in the Wadi Araba, Jordan is located on the northern Wadi Araba fault segment of the Dead Sea Transform. The site contains a Roman-period fort, a late Byzantine–Early Umayyad birkeh (water reservoir) and aqueduct, and agricultural fields. The birkeh and aqueduct are left-laterally offset by coseismic slip across the northern Wadi Araba fault. Using paleoseismic and archaeological evidence collected from a trench excavated across the fault zone, we identified evidence for four ground-rupturing earthquakes. Radiocarbon dating from key stratigraphic horizons and relative dating using potsherds constrains the dates of the four earthquakes from the sixth to the nineteenth centuries. Individual earthquakes were dated to the seventh, ninth and eleventh centuries. The fault strand that slipped during the most recent event (MRE) extends to just below the modern ground surface and juxtaposes alluvial-fan sediments that lack in datable material with the modern ground surface, thus preventing us from dating the MRE except to constrain the event to post-eleventh century. These data suggest that the historical earthquakes of 634 or 659/660, 873, 1068, and 1546 probably ruptured this fault segment. 相似文献
18.
A. V. Chipizubov 《Seismic Instruments》2017,53(2):155-172
Macroseismic data on strong historical earthquakes of the 18th–19th centuries are presented that are unknown to a wide range of seismologists and therefore missing in earthquake catalogs. The data are related to such earthquakes as the 1715 (1716) Nerchinsk and 1727 Kirensk, and ones occurred in the southern Baikal region in 1809 and in the region near cape of Svyatoi Nos in 1862. Additional information about the earthquake of 1771 is given that considerably refines the parameters of this event. The earthquakes of 1725, 1742, 1772, and 1885 and interpretations of evidence doubted by various researchers are also considered. 相似文献
19.
1668年7月25日晚（康熙七二年六月十七日戌时）在山东南部发生了一次旷古未有的特大地震,震级为8％,极震区位于山东省郯城。郯城大震是震害史料记载最为丰富的历史大震之一,随着我国对特大地震研究的不断深入,在资料丰富、史料记载最全,研究程度较高的基础上,有条件作为典型震例且进行深入研究。本文依据大量的史料记载对具有重大影响力的历史强震作一简要综述,供广大科研工作者参考。 相似文献
20.
According to a new investigation in the northern Hexi corridor,the remains of two surface rupture zones were discovered on the southern margin fault of the Helishan. One rupture has a length of approximately 7km and the other 10km. The two surface rupture zones might have been produced by the latest earthquake event. On the surface rupture is continuous scarp and free face caused by the rupture. The scarp is about 1 ～ 1. 5m high and on some sites,nearly up to 2m. According to the OSL results,the latest T1 terrace and higher flood plain forming in 3000a B. P. are dislocated by the fault. The above reveals the rupture age to be later than the T1 terrace. However,in the historical data and earthquake catalogue,we didn't find related information about the fault and surface rupture in this area. The 180 A. D. Biaoshi M8. 0 earthquake and the 756 A. D. Zhangye-Jiuquan M7. 0 earthquake are documented in historical data. It is inferred by textual research that the two earthquakes are related to the northern marginal fault of Yumushan in the south of the basin. Due to a lack of reliable evidence,there are still many arguments on this inferred conclusion. Thus we hold that the two surface rupture zones were produced by one of the two large earthquakes or other unrecorded historical event. The research on the activity and surface rupture of this fault can offer valuable information for the tectonic study and strong earthquake risk estimates of this region in the future. 相似文献