This memoir is a summary of my early childhood, education, and research career at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington, DC. I describe my early interest in astronomy and how I wound up working in the fields of solar physics and X-ray-UV spectroscopy of high temperature plasmas. I describe some of my home life and other interests, my education at the University of Pittsburgh, and the various projects and management activities that I have been fortunate to work on at NRL. I have been blessed with being able to work at a first-class research laboratory populated by outstanding scientists. I am particularly blessed to have worked with my many friends and colleagues in the NRL Space Science Division. Perhaps I am most blessed by having had wonderful parents that gave me the interests I have in life and the passion to pursue them, and an outstanding wife that has been my partner through good and bad times for over 50 years. I am now retired but for three years I was a participant in the NRL Voluntary Emeritus Program (VEP). However, this memoir is a personal account, and not work done as a VEP.
This article is a brief history of my life from childhood and describes how I became interested in astronomy. Starting from researches using radiative transfer as a main tool,I gradually expanded my research field to hydrodynamics(particularly convection,turbulence,pulsation,waves and helioseismology),magnetohydrodynamics and chaotic systems. My recent interest is to develop a sustainable society using solar energy. 相似文献
I recount my career in solar physics beginning at Ondřejov Observatory in 1948 and ending with my ∼30 year stay at the Laboratory
of Space Research in Utrecht. 相似文献
I briefly present the Organizing Committee's and my own motivation for organizing this workshop, and I suggest a few key questions
for which we will try to find possible answers in the coming days.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
How working together in the radar research establishment of the Royal Navy led to Fred, Tommy Gold and I spending many evenings
together discussing astronomical problems brought up by Fred. The accretion question was the subject of my first serious paper
and led to my Trinity Fellowship. Continuation of the joint discussions after our return to Cambridge. The solar corona. Fred's
generosity.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
It was in 1936 when a young Czech student of age 22 came to Japan through Siberia for participating in the solar eclipse expedition.
Since then, he had visited us 13 times until 1993 (when he passed away). At each visit his lectures were vivid for us and
had strong impact on the audience. Needless to say, it was the late Professor Zdeněk Kopal. In this brief presentation first
I reveal my reminiscences of our common time in Manchester and Japan as a contemporary, and second I make some remarks on
my activities for the Japanese Official Development Assistance (ODA) for astronomy in developing countries, in a similar way
like Professor Kopal contributed in later years to the development of astronomy mainly in middle-east countries. 相似文献
Abstract— The science of nucleosynthesis was substantially inspired by chemical analyses of meteorites. As if in repayment, that theory now imbues meteoritics with enlarged meaning. I recount the emergence of four great issues for nucleosynthesis—issues that received decades of my own attention; and I describe unexpected abundance patterns within meteorites that were suggested by the resolution of those issues. The latter have altered the information content of meteoritic science. The issues are: 1. a quantitative s-process theory 2. cosmoradiogenic chronology 3. explosive nucleosynthesis and gamma-ray astronomy 4. cosmic chemical memory Starting from historical origins for each issue, I comment upon both the broad cultural canvas in which they lie and my own work in their establishment. Examples of predicted (or rationalized) meteoritic measurements illustrate our surprised delight at the expansion of the range and power of meteoritic science. 相似文献
The tasks that I have assumed for myself in this presentation include three separate parts. The first, appropriate to the particular setting of this meeting, is to review the basic work of the founding of this field; the appropriateness comes from the fact that W. G. Tifft made immense contributions that are not often realized by the astronomical community. The second task is to outline the general tone of the observational evidence for large scale structures. (Here, in particular, I cannot claim to be complete. I beg forgiveness from any workers who are left out by my oversight for lack of space and time.) The third task is to point out some of the major aspects of the field that may represent the clues by which some brilliant sleuth will ultimately figure out how galaxies formed. 相似文献
Celestial mechanics has been a classical field of astronomy. Only a few astronomers were in this field and not so many papers on this subject had been published during the first half of the 20 thcentury.However, as the beauty of classical dynamics and celestial mechanics attracted me very much, I decided to take celestial mechanics as my research subject and entered university, where a very famous professor of celestial mechanics was a member of the faculty. Then as artificial satellites were launched starting from October 1958, new topics were investigated in the field of celestial mechanics. Moreover, planetary rings,asteroids with moderate values of eccentricity, inclination and so on have become new fields of celestial mechanics. In fact I have tried to solve such problems in an analytical way. Finally, to understand what gravitation is I joined the TAMA300 gravitational wave detector group. 相似文献
This summary lecture makes no attempt to summarize what was actually said at the meeting, since this is well covered by the
other contributors. Instead I have structured my presentation in three parts: First I try to demonstrate why the Sun is unique
by comparing it with laboratory plasmas. This is followed by some personal reminiscences that go back a significant fraction
of the century. I conclude in the form of a poem about this memorable conference in honor of the centennial anniversary of
the Kodaikanal Observatory. 相似文献
I returned to China from the United Kingdom in 1953,then worked in Purple Mountain Observatory.It was the early days of new China.The elder generation of astronomers was undertaking an effort of "repairing broken and filling defect" during those post-war years,and started planning and laying the foundation of modern astronomy.Under their leadership,I started a journey of astronomy whose main task was construction.The journey has been full of twists and turns.As a result of the "Great Leap Forward" in 1958 and the 1966 launch of the decade-long "Cultural Revolution" period,the situation of construction in astronomy was similar to that in other sciences,suffering bad effects.Not until the "Reform and Opening up" period after those events was construction able to continue,and various disciplines and international connections began to open.A "passage" had gradually developed.In this new circumstance,I kept pursuing the pioneers to explore a forward direction.Looking back today,this journey has been three periods of a four generation relay.This article is divided into three sections that describe my research work in these times that I recall:(1) Looking back at the beginning of the return and tracing the footprints of the founders.(2) Recalling my radio astronomy tour.(3) Retrospection and expectation of LAMOST. 相似文献
I had the privilege, many years ago, to be supervised by Alfonso Cavaliere in my Master thesis work. I remember the great
patience and enthusiasm with which, in a warm summer day, he presented to me a score of exciting astrophysical problems. We
finally determined to study the relationship of QSOs and BL Lacs—then considered rather exotic object—with normal galaxies.
In the years I have continued on this line of research, reacting far too slowly to the wealth of new ideas that Alfonso has
been continuously injecting in our conversations. As examples I will report two recent results on the chemical abundances
of QSO host galaxies and on the space density of high-z QSOs, which are closely related to our shared interest on AGN. 相似文献
On the basis of my experience in the X-ray astronomy, and on some typical highlights of multi-wavelength observations, I emphasize the importance of collaboration between space astronomy and ground-based astronomy.Paper presented at the Symposium on the JNLT and Related Engineering Developments, Tokyo, November 29–December 2, 1988. 相似文献
In this interview, William Hartmann (Bill, Fig. 1 ) describes how he was inspired as a teenager by a map of the Moon in an encyclopedia and by the paintings by Chesley Bonestell. Through the amateur journal “Strolling Astronomer,” he shared his interests with other teenagers who became lifelong colleagues. At college, he participated in Project Moonwatch, observing early artificial satellites. In graduate school, under Gerard Kuiper, Bill discovered Mare Orientale and other large concentric lunar basin structures. In the 1960s and 1970s, he used crater densities to study surface ages and erosive/depositional effects, predicted the approximately 3.6 Gyr ages of the lunar maria before the Apollo samples, discovered the intense pre‐mare lunar bombardment, deduced the youthful Martian volcanism as part of the Mariner 9 team, and proposed (with Don Davis) the giant impact model for lunar origin. In 1972, he helped found (what is now) the Planetary Science Institute. From the late 1970s to early 1990s, Bill worked mostly with Dale Cruikshank and Dave Tholen at Mauna Kea Observatory, helping to break down the Victorian paradigm that separated comets and asteroids, and determining the approximately 4% albedo of comet nuclei. Most recently, Bill has worked with the imaging teams for several additional Mars missions. He has written three college textbooks and, since the 1970s, after painting illustrations for his textbooks, has devoted part of his time to painting, having had several exhibitions. He has also published two novels. Bill Hartmann won the 2010 Barringer Award for impact studies and the first Carl Sagan Award for outreach in 1997. Figure 1 Open in figure viewer PowerPoint William K. Hartmann taken 2010 Aug 2 (Photo: Gayle Hartmann).
DS
Bill thank you very much for doing this. I would like to start with a very general question. What is the one incident in your life above all others that has determined the nature of your career?
WKH
I would say that what initially stirred my excitement for this topic were the books I stumbled across as a teenager. One event I recall was that my brother, who was 8 years older than I was, had a young person's encyclopedia called the Book of Knowledge. One day I was looking at that book and there was this map of the Moon. Craters, mountains, plains, all sorts of features. That blew me away. The concept that there was this other land, not just a shining thing in the sky, but a geological body, a new geographical place. There was also a book by Willy Ley and Chesley Bonestell, Conquest of Space, which had all these marvelous paintings by Bonestell, visualizing what it was like on other planets. It came out in 1949. I am fond of my copy of that book because my father somehow managed to get Willy Ley, a German expatriate colleague of von Braun's, a writer and popularizer for space, to come to our town and give a talk and autograph my book. Many years later I met Chesley Bonestell and got him to autograph the book. There are not very many copies of that book with the signatures of both authors! The paintings gave me a real desire to want to know what it would be like on other worlds.
In my contribution I discuss the relevance that hydrodynamical simulation of clusters can play to understand the ICM physics
and to calibrate mass estimates from X-ray observable quantities. Using hydrodynamical simulations, which cover quite a large
dynamical range and include a fairly advanced treatment of the gas physics (cooling, star formation and SN feedback), I show
that scaling relations among X-ray observable quantities can be reproduced quite well. At the sametime, these simulations
fail at accounting for several observational quantities, which are related to the cooling structure of the ICM: the fraction
of stars, the temperature profiles and the gas entropy in central cluster regions. This calls for the need of introducing
in simulations suitable physical mechanisms which should regulate the cooling structure of the ICM. 相似文献
After twelve years have past since the discovery of the first high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation in Sco X-1, an enormous progress has been made on the observational side and on the field of data analysis. Equal amount of effort has been devoted also to the theoretical aspect of the QPO problem. However, so far no model is able to sufficiently fully explain the mechanism of QPO production. There are two aspects: the question of the QPO origin; and the question of its modulation. In this article, I am focusing solely on the second issue – I discuss ways of how the outgoing flux can be modulated at a level sufficient to match the observational rms amplitudes. Some more space is devoted to my own work in the field. 相似文献
This contribution can only be a small collection of ideas and experiences from my (personal) publishing point of view. The
subject area assigned is very generic and there are indeed many developments going on, so I had to be very selective and restrictive,
while avoiding redundancies as much as I could. I have included some metaphors and paradigms, such as the shift from print
publications to electronic information. The traditional role of publishers in the information chain is compared with the new
opportunities that electronic publishing is offering now and may offer in the foreseeable future. From DTP to DTD, unplugged
and unbundled information, linearity, appropriateness, packaging and customizing, filters, intelligent agents, quality, integrity
and authenticity are some of the items hidden in the text. The overall conclusion is: the Internet still can learn a lot from
print...!
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
In this paper I deal with the WD0137-349 binary system consisting of a white dwarf (WD) and a brown dwarf (BD) in a close
circular orbit of about 116 min. I, first, constrain the admissible range of values for the inclination i by noting that, from looking for deviations from the third Kepler law, the quadrupole mass moment Q would assume unlikely large values, incompatible with zero at more than 1-sigma level for i≲35 deg and i≳43 deg. Then, by conservatively assuming that the most likely values for i are those that prevent such an anomalous behavior of Q, i.e. those for which the third Kepler law is an adequate modeling of the orbital period, I obtain i=39±2 deg. Such a result is incompatible with the value i=35 deg quoted in literature by more than 2 sigma. Conversely, it is shown that the white dwarf’s mass range obtained from
spectroscopic measurements is compatible with my experimental range, but not for i=35 deg. As a consequence, my estimate of i yields an orbital separation of a=(0.59±0.05)R⊙ and an equilibrium temperature of BD of Teq=(2087±154) K which differ by 10% and 4%, respectively, from the corresponding values for i=35 deg. 相似文献
Derivations of the Poynting-Robertson effect are presented. They are based on the corpuscular nature of light (unlike Robertson's 1937 derivation). It is justified why currently presented derivations are incorrect and why classical (nonrelativistic) physics is not able to understand this effect. Relativistically covariant derivations not only for perfectly absorbing (spherical) dust particles are presented. Fundamental feature of the interaction between the dust particle and the electromagnetic radiation is the conservation of the (proper) mass of the particle.I dedicate this article to the memory of my sister Zuzka Klaková (*5.7.1966 27.3.1991). 相似文献
