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中国三条高温高压变质带及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
高温高压变质岩是指高温（热）榴辉岩－高压麻粒岩－石榴角闪岩的变质序列。其形成的大地构造环境为陆－陆碰撞或陆－弧碰撞带,而不形成于与洋壳有关的汇聚性板块边缘。中国境内有三条典型的高温高压变质带,它们是桑干－承德变质带,大别山－苏鲁变质带和南迦巴瓦变质带。变质时代分别是２５００Ｍａ,２１０～２４０Ｍａ和１７～１４Ｍａ。大别山－苏鲁变质带是中生代陆－陆碰撞带根部变质杂岩,代表了华北与扬子两个陆块拼合的界限。年轻的南迦巴瓦变质带是陆－弧碰撞带变质岩系,高压麻粒岩除了在冈第斯岩浆弧的根部以透镜体出露外,主要代表了被掀斜抬升的印度陆块的基底下地壳岩石。桑干－承德变质带是华北克拉通内的高压麻粒岩－榴辉岩转换相的变质带,表明在晚太古代已有与显生宙相似的形成高压变质带的大地构造机制。 相似文献
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五台山晚太古代碰撞造山带构造演化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用构造－岩性－事件法将五台山碰撞造山带划分为３个构造片体;弧前混杂岩带,古岛弧系和弧后混杂岩带。提出该造山带构造演化５个阶段：洋盆扩张阶段（〉２６００Ｍａ）;南部洋盆向微陆块下俯冲－－微陆块转化为岛弧阶段（２６００￣２５００Ｍａ）;弧前碰撞－弧后消减阶段（２５５０￣２５００Ｍａ）;陆一陆碰撞阶段,伸展作用阶段（２５０￣２４００Ｍａ）。 相似文献
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滇西澜沧变质带变质作用和变形作用的关系 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18
滇西澜沧变质带经历了两期变质变形事件，其时代分别为５１９Ｍａ和２８０～１９０Ｍａ。早期变质变形事件（Ｍ１Ｄ１）可由销长石和石榴石变斑晶的包裹体痕迹确定，形成近Ｅ－Ｗ向的变形构造格局。晚期变质变形作用（Ｍ２Ｄ２）以形成蓝片岩相矿物组合，如以蓝门石（青铝门石）＋多硅白云母＋绿泥石＋石英等为特征，并形成近Ｎ－Ｓ向的变形构造格局．钠质问石以青铝闪石和蓝闪石为主，白云母多为３Ｔ＋２Ｍ；型多硅白云母，其ｂｏ均值在９．０４０Ａ以上；蓝片岩相变质作用的Ｐ、Ｔ条件估计分别为０．６～０．７ＧＰａ和３００℃。晚期变质变形事件经历了二个主要阶段（Ｍ２ａＤ２ａ和Ｍ２ｂＤ２ｂ），分别伴随透入性面理（Ｓ２）和褶劈理（Ｓ３）的形成，蓝门石的４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ定年分别为２７９Ｍａ和２１４Ｍａ；Ｍ２ｃＤ２ｃ期局部受到热的扰动，以及出现大量的膝折带或宽缓褶皱。上述变质变形演化历史代表了澜沧变质带的隆升及剥蚀过程。 相似文献
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五台山早元古代高压变质作用研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
根据对原五台群北金刚库组变质作用的深入研究，表明它们经历了三期变质作用，即经历了弧陆碰撞导致的初始的构造埋藏变质作用（M1）以及随后深埋到42km深度的峰期高压变质作用（M2）,压力可达0．8－1．4GPa，随后经历了快速抬升所导致的近等温的降压过程（M3）到0．5－0．7GPa，整个过程为顺时针方向演化的P－T轨迹，与造山带型P－T－t轨迹型式相同。 相似文献
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滇西南澜沧群多硅白云母的多型和化学成分特征及其意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从理论、实验及实际观察的结果都表明，随着压力的增加白云母中绿鳞石的含量显著地增加，可以认为在多期变质作用过程中，尤其是在变质压力不同的多期变质作用下，形成的多硅白云母，其化学成分就会打上不同的烙印。７７个多硅白云母化学成分的统计结果表明，澜沧群低级变质岩中的多硅白云母有两种成因。在Ｎａ－Ｍｇ相关图上，反映了高压和中压变质特征，高压变质的多硅白云母约占７０％。这与用多硅白云母ｂ０值鉴别的高压和中压变质是相吻合的。多硅白云母的多型为３Ｔ和２Ｍ１型，以２Ｍ１型为主 相似文献
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滇西泥盆纪——三叠纪盆—山转换过程与特提斯构造演化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
滇西地区以昌宁－连缝合带为古特提斯主洋闭合的位置。晚古生代－中生代时期古特提斯经历了一次盆转山和山控盆演变序列的全过程，可大致划分为4个发展阶段：（1）洋盆扩张阶段（D－C2）。古特提斯洋西侧的保山地块属冈瓦纳古陆的东缘，为非火山型被动大陆边缘；东侧的思茅地块属扬子地块的西缘部分，为火山型被动大陆边缘。（2）洋－陆汇阶段（C3－P2）。昌宁－孟连洋向东俯冲消减，思茅地区转化为弧后扩张盆地；墨江一带形成弧后扩张洋盆，思茅地块从扬子西缘分离。（3）弧－陆碰撞阶段（T1－T3），古特提斯主洋及分支洋盆相继关闭，全区发生大规模的造山升隆，前期的盆转山过程转入山控盆阶段，在哀牢山两侧分别形成了受造山作用控制的兰坪－思茅弧后前陆盆地和楚雄周缘前陆盆地。（4）陆－陆碰撞阶段（J1－K），滇西前陆盆地向陆内拗陷盆地转变，造山带的控盆作用结束。 相似文献
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扬子地台西缘对Rodinia形成期地质响应 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
扬子地台西缘冕宁－会理地区在中新元古代Rodinia形成期地质响应强烈，地质记录丰富，在中元古代时期，本区自北而南、自东而西由克拉通边缘盆地演变陆缘拗陷盆地（南部）和陆间裂谷盆地（西部）；自新元古代以来，盆地构造演化分异更为明显，其北部会理天宝山地区形成岛弧（906Ma），而冕宁地区演变为弧后盆地，同时伴有广泛低绿片岩相区域动力变质，岛弧南部会理菜子园、西南部盐边荒田地区产生地块碰撞拼贴，形成混杂岩带（856Ma）；西侧形成双成岩带（800．9－815Ma），沿该岩带产生高绿片岩相－麻粒岩相区域低压热流变质；随汇聚继续向陆块推进，产生新生火山弧（812Ma），并相继产生弧－陆碰撞，导致S型岩浆侵位（669－687Ma）。至此，本区陆块汇聚作用结束，至晚震旦世，重新拗陷转入被动大陆边缘盆地演化时期。 相似文献
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Abstract Five whole-rock 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau ages from low-grade sectors of the Sambagawa belt (Besshi nappe complex) range between 87 and 97 Ma. Two whole-rock phyllite samples from the Mikabu greenstone belt record well-defined 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau ages of 96 and 98 Ma. Together these ages suggest that a high-pressure metamorphism occurred in both the Sambagawa and Mikabu belts at c. 90–100 Ma. The northern Chichibu sub-belt may consist of several distinct geochronological units because metamorphic ages increase systematically from north ( c. 110 Ma) to south ( c. 215 Ma). The northern Chichibu sub-belt is correlated with the Kuma nappe complex (Sambagawa belt). Two whole-rock phyllite samples from the Kurosegawa terrane display markedly older metamorphic ages than either the Sambagawa or the Chichibu belts.
Accretion of Sambagawa-Chichibu protoliths began prior to the middle Jurrasic. Depositional ages decrease from middle Jurassic (Kuma-Chichibu nappe complex) to c. 100 Ma (Oboke nappe complex) toward lower tectonostratigraphic units. The ages of metamorphic culmination also decrease from upper to lower tectonostratigraphic units. The Kurosegawa belt and the geological units to the south belong to distinctly different terrances than the Sambagawa-Chichibu belts. These have been juxtaposed as a result of transcurrent faulting during the Cretaceous. 相似文献
Accretion of Sambagawa-Chichibu protoliths began prior to the middle Jurrasic. Depositional ages decrease from middle Jurassic (Kuma-Chichibu nappe complex) to c. 100 Ma (Oboke nappe complex) toward lower tectonostratigraphic units. The ages of metamorphic culmination also decrease from upper to lower tectonostratigraphic units. The Kurosegawa belt and the geological units to the south belong to distinctly different terrances than the Sambagawa-Chichibu belts. These have been juxtaposed as a result of transcurrent faulting during the Cretaceous. 相似文献
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Paired and unpaired metamorphic belts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Miyashiro 《Tectonophysics》1973,17(3):241-254
Paired metamorphic belts occur in many parts of the circum-Pacific regions. A pair is composed of two contrasting belts running parallel: a high-pressure metamorphic belt which probably formed beneath a trench zone, and a low-pressure metamorphic belt which probably formed beneath a volcanic chain in the adjacent island arc or continental margin. The former and the latter belt are accompanied by basic-ultrabasic rocks and by granitic-andesitic-rhyolitic rocks, respectively.The rapid descent of a thick, cold oceanic plate along a convergent plate juncture should create an unusually low geothermal gradient to cause high-pressure metamorphism. If the rate of plate descent is relatively slow, or if the descending oceanic lithosphere is too thin or too hot, the resultant geothermal gradient will not be low enough to cause high-pressure, but may cause medium-pressure metamorphism. In this case, the contrast between the two associated metamorphic belts will be obscure. The heat transfer by the rise of magmas and mantle materials appears to be a necessary condition for the formation of low-pressure metamorphic belts.Presumably, paired and unpaired (single) metamorphic belts form by the same mechanism, and an unpaired belt represents paired belts in which the contrast between the two belts is obscure, or in which one of the two belts is undeveloped or lost.Progress in experimental petrology enables us to estimate the pressure and temperature during metamorphism, and to know the relations between the conditions of partial melting and the composition of the resultant magmas. This sets limits to our ideas about the relevant tectonic processes in plate junctures. 相似文献
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《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(6):635-644
Different continental collision belts show contrasting metamorphic trend along their length, including the distribution of extreme metamorphism; i.e., ultrahigh-pressure (>100 km depth) and ultrahigh-temperature (900–1150 °C) metamorphisms. However, no previous study has succeeded in explaining these trends. The present study investigates the main factors that control the metamorphic trends along collision belts, with reference to the Dabie–Hongseong collision belt between the North and South China blocks and the Himalayan collision belt between the Indian and Asian blocks. In the Dabie–Hongseong collision belt, collision began in the east before 245 Ma and propagated westward until ca. 220 Ma. In the eastern part of the belt, the amount of oceanic slab that subducted before collision was insufficient to pull down the continental crust to the depths of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism; however, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism occurred in the western part of the belt. Slab break-off also migrated from east to west, with a westward increase in the depth of break-off (from ca. 10 kbar in the west to ca. 35 kbar in the east). These lateral trends along the belt resulted in a westward change from ultrahigh-temperature (915–1160 °C, 9.0–10.6 kbar) to high-pressure (835–860 °C, 17.0–20.9 kbar) and finally ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism (680–880 °C, 30–40 kbar). In the Himalayan collision belt, collision started from the west at 50 Ma and propagated eastward. The amount of oceanic slab subducted prior to collision was sufficient to pull down the continental crust to the depths of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism in the west, but not in the east. Slab break-off started in the west at ca. 46 Ma and propagated eastward, with an eastward decrease in the depth of slab break-off from 27–29 to 17–18 kbar. Consequently, the metamorphic trend along the belt changes eastward from ultrahigh-pressure (690–750 °C, 27–29 kbar) to high-pressure and finally high-pressure granulite facies metamorphism (890 °C, 17–18 kbar). The differences in metamorphic trend between the Dabie–Hongseong and Himalayan collision belts reflect the amount of oceanic crust subducted prior to collision and the depth and timing of slab break-off along each belt. 相似文献
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西昆仑的深变质岩类主要发育于布伦阔勒岩群之中,其中的高压麻粒岩是西昆仑造山带中目前已知的变质程度最高的岩石。本文以其中的泥质高压麻粒岩为研究对象,结合岩相学、相平衡模拟以及锆石年代学分析等方法进行研究。结果显示其峰期变质矿物组合蓝晶石+石榴石+钾长石,是典型的泥质高压麻粒岩岩石组合。根据相平衡模拟估算,高压麻粒岩相峰期变质的温压条件高于850℃及1.4GPa,退变质的温压条件约为650℃和0.6GPa。SHRIMP U-Pb锆石定年结果显示泥质高压麻粒岩记录了两期变质,第一期暗色变质锆石年龄为ca.185Ma,代表岩石从高压麻粒岩相峰期变质退变至近固相线阶段的年龄;第二期亮色变质增生边年龄为ca.166Ma,代表后期退变质年龄;而高压麻粒岩相峰期变质时代应在200~185Ma之间。高压麻粒岩的变质条件、顺时针的P-T轨迹及锆石年代学的结果指示了晚三叠世-早侏罗世的碰撞造山事件(ca.200~166Ma)。结合区域地质资料,推断在西昆仑山内存在一条中生代的中-高压变质带,这条变质带代表了古特提斯洋关闭塔里木与羌塘地块碰撞拼合的位置。 相似文献
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通过同构造沉积物质记录了解物源区剥蚀作用过程进而探索盆山构造相互关系,是大陆构造动力学研究的一个重要方面。砂岩骨架成分分析和重矿物及部分标型矿物分析方法,已被较多地用来探索新疆天山造山带与其南部库车盆地晚中生代以来的相互关系和构造演变过程,但是关于中生代较早时期库车盆地构造属性及北部造山带隆升剥蚀过程的认识仍存在较大分歧。本文运用电子探针微区成分分析方法,对库车盆地北缘中段晚三叠世和早侏罗世砂岩中具代表性的15个砂岩样品中的38颗碎屑长石和26颗碎屑白云母矿物进行了矿物化学成分分析。结果表明,长石主要来自变质岩物源区,25颗碎屑白云母均属多硅白云母,表明其源区岩石曾经历了高压变质作用。这些多硅白云母中Si原子含量显示它们比目前保留在天山造山带高压变质带蓝片岩和榴辉岩中的多硅白云母形成的压力要低,可能反映了源区高压变质岩的正常剥露顺序。这项研究结果表明,至少在晚三叠世-早侏罗世时期,库车盆地北部天山造山带中的高压变质岩已经剥露于地表并遭受剥蚀成为物源供给区。具体是中天山南缘早古生代高压变质带还是晚古生代南天山高压变质带作为重要物源区,尚需进一步的研究工作。 相似文献
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区域变质作用与中国大陆地壳的形成与演化 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
在编制1∶500万中国变质地质图的基础上,本文总结了中国主要变质带的演化以及各变质带与中国大陆地壳形成演化之间的内在联系。虽然在华北和华南克拉通都有古太古代到中太古代的变质年代记录,但是由于后期改造其变质作用的特点及与区域构造背景的联系已难以追索。新太古代末-古元古代初期的变质作用在华北克拉通表现最明显,这期变质作用紧随大规模的TTG岩浆作用,普遍具有逆时针的P-T演化轨迹,反映了地幔柱主导的岩浆-变质事件特点。古元古代晚期的变质事件在华北、华南、塔里木克拉通都有强烈反映。这期变质作用以形成具有顺时针P-T演化轨迹的高压麻粒岩为特点,与形成Columbia超大陆的一些造山带的特点类似,但是这三个不同克拉通在与Columbia聚合的时间和空间方位上存在差异。华南克拉通是相对年轻的克拉通,是沿新元古代江南造山带扬子和华夏地块拼合的产物。新元古代江南造山带的火山岩形成时代和变质作用程度从北东向南西迁移,反映了造山过程逐渐迁移和剪刀式闭合的特点。形成华南克拉通后,在其东南缘又先后经历了加里东期和印支期的变质改造,并且由北西向南东变质带从加里东期转变为印支期,但是这两期变质作用的构造背景尚不很清楚。中国南北大陆的聚合首先从西昆仑-阿尔金-北祁连-北秦岭-桐柏开始,所反映的变质作用是早古生代的蓝片岩相和榴辉岩相变质岩相伴产出,表明经历了从洋壳俯冲到陆陆碰撞的演化过程。中国东部的南北大陆到印支期才最终汇聚,相应的变质作用以南部出现高压蓝片岩相、北部出现超高压的榴辉岩相变质带为特点,表明南方大陆向北方大陆的俯冲。超高压带内普遍含有柯石英,意味着大规模的陆壳深俯冲。华北克拉通和塔里木克拉通以北的中亚造山带内存在多条从早古生代到晚古生代的变质带和多条蓝片岩相变质带,表明这是一个由多阶段、多条变质带组成的造山区。但是其变质作用的空间和时间演化还有待进一步深入。青藏高原变质带具有北老南新的空间分布特点,最北部的印支期龙木错-双湖-澜沧江变质带反映了原特提斯和古特提斯洋的碰撞拼合过程,北部的燕山期班公湖-怒江变质带和中部的喜马拉雅早期雅鲁藏布江变质带反映了新特提斯洋的两次碰撞拼合过程,南部喜马拉雅晚期的高喜马拉雅变质带反映了印度板块向北俯冲导致的高原快速隆升过程。 相似文献
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本文以滇西澜沧变质带中最为广泛分布的造岩矿物—白云母为对象，详细研究和
分析了其成分、多型类型及ba值等，探讨了白云母的发育规律。研究结果表明，本带中绝大多数白云母为多硅白云母，且为3T+2M,型，与蓝闪石共生的则以3T多硅白云母为主。此外，斓沧变质
带经历了蓝闪石片岩亚相的高压变质作用，与古特提斯构造演化密切相突，并可与世界著名的高
压带对比。 相似文献
20.
Kurt Bucher-Nurminen 《Tectonophysics》1991,190(2-4):173-192
Mantle fragments of ultramafic composition are widespread in the Scandinavian Caledonides (SC). Lenses and boudins of Alpine-type peridotites in the Scandinavian Caledonides represent parts of dismembered ophiolite sequences and fragments of sub-continental upper mantle. Metaperidotites of nappes in internal positions are generally isofacial with the metamorphic envelope, usually Caledonian metasediments but in places also Precambrian metagranitoids forming the basement cores of the nappes. Caledonian metamorphism strongly modified the texture and mineralogy of the peridotites and resulted in a systematic metamorphic pattern which is consistent with the pattern observed in the envelope.
Metaperidotites of the external massifs display at least a two-stage metamorphic history: an early Caledonian high-pressure high-temperature phase related to early crustal stacking and a late Caledonian regional metamorphic overprint which produced a regular Barrovian-type metamorphic pattern of in-situ metamorphism.
Metaperidotites from nappes in intermediate positions (Iapetus Ocean ophiolites and ultramafic rocks from island arc environments) show strongly diverging histories. Metaperidotites from internal ophiolites (oceanic ophiolites, Köli) lack any evidence of subduction metamorphism, are serpentinized to various degrees, show abundant primary mantle relic mineralogies and the Caledonian metamorphic overprint is low. Metaperidotites from external (island arc) ophiolites and other associations (Seve) often show relic high-pressure metamorphism related to the Finnmarkian phase of the Caledonian orogeny. The Seve metaperidotites are occasionally associated with eclogites and show a weak overprint of late Caledonian regional metamorphism. Alpine-type peridotites are absent in the foreland of the Baltic Shield and in the innermost nappes (Lofoten).
The metamorphic characteristics and evolution recorded by the metaperidotites in the Scandinavian Caledonides allow a general reconstruction of the dynamics of collision belt formation. 相似文献