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1.
南海晚渐新世滑塌沉积指示的地质构造事件 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
南海北部ODP1148站晚渐新世至早中新世沉积以滑塌堆积和长时间沉积缺失为主要特征.由构造活动引起的沉积间断始于渐新世中期28.5 Ma至早中新世23 Ma左右结束.主间断面位于25 Ma, 亦即滑塌沉积层的底界.4次沉积间断总共造成至少3 Ma沉积记录的缺失.综合岩性、古生物年代测定、地球化学等分析结果, 表明南海晚渐新世的海底扩张模式呈多次跳跃式, 并以“25 Ma事件”为型变高峰.这一系列构造活动是欧亚、澳大利亚、菲律宾-太平洋板块相互作用的结果, 直接导致南海向前期裂谷更发育, 红河大断裂左擦拉张更强的南部扩张的转型.1148站的滑塌沉积为此次南海扩张转型提供了直接的证据. 相似文献
2.
南沙海槽东南缘深水逆冲推覆构造 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
位于我国南海南部南沙海槽东南缘深水逆冲推覆构造系统记录着古南海俯冲与消亡及南海扩张的演化史,为现今仍在活动的构造系统。本文综合阐述了深水逆冲推覆构造的几何学和运动学特征、形成时代和形成过程,并结合区域地质背景探讨其动力学机制,建立构造演化模式。研究结果表明,基于几何学特征差异该构造系统在平面上可划分为南段和北段,垂向上分为上部逆冲推覆构造体系和下部逆冲推覆构造体系。受控于动力学机制,北段褶皱构造变形强度明显大于南段,体现在相邻逆冲褶皱排列间距明显小于南段。综合区域地质背景分析认为:下部逆冲推覆构造体系变形机制为晚白垩世—早中新世古南海俯冲消亡于婆罗洲之下的地壳缩短作用,而上部逆冲推覆构造体系变形机制为中中新世以来三角洲推进的重力滑脱作用与苏禄海盆扩张的地壳缩短作用的叠加结果。 相似文献
3.
Shaoru Yin Weiwei Ding Derek E. Sawyer Ziyin Wu Yong Tang 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):887-907
ABSTRACT Based on approximately 11,000 km of seismic reflection data collected across the South China Sea oceanic basin, we describe the sedimentary filling characteristics of the basin since its Oligocene opening, as well as connections between this history and contemporaneous regional tectonic events. The seismic lines are spaced ~50 km apart, and the data are tied to International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 349 drilling data. Basin filling occurred in three phases, with basin-wide mean sedimentation rates increasing through time. During the Oligocene to middle Miocene, sediments accumulated primarily in the northern East and Northwest Sub-basins, with a mean basin-wide sedimentation rate of 8 m/m.y. The presence of these deposits over deep basement floor indicates that seafloor spreading initiated in these northern regions. During the late Miocene, deposition occurred primarily in the Northwest Sub-basin and partly in the southern East Sub-basin, with a mean basin-wide sedimentation rate of 30 m/m.y. Basin filling during this time seems to have been linked to slip reversal of the Red River Fault and collision of the North Palawan Block with the Luzon Arc. During the Pliocene and Pleistocene, sediments accumulated rapidly in the northeastern and southern East Sub-basin and the Southwest Sub-basin. The mean basin-wide sedimentation rate was 70 m/m.y. Basin filling during this phase seems to have been associated with the Taiwan and North Palawan collisions, SCS subduction along the Manila Trench, and Tibetan Plateau uplift. Gravity flow deposits predominate throughout the basin fill. 相似文献
4.
Almost all Red Sea deeps contain metal-rich sediments covered by brine pools. It is generally agreed that these metal-rich deposits precipitated from overlying metal-rich brines that originated from migrating hydrothermal fluids. No brine pool has ever been reported in Thetis Deep, inciting us to evaluate if such a brine layer ever occurred in the deep during the past. In order to address that questioning, a study combining mineralogical, geochemical (major-, minor-, rare-earth elements) and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb) approaches was completed on cored sediments and extracted interstitial waters from inside and outside the deep.The sediments have an overall hydrothermal origin, as shown by the REE concentrations and patterns, metal contents, and Pb–Nd isotopic data, all pointing to a mantle signature. The intensity of the hydrothermal activity varied with time in the deep; the most intense episode resulting in an almost pure Fe-oxi-hydroxide layer. Varied chemical arguments, especially the Zr and REE data of the sediments, favor the fact that the whole sedimentation in Thetis Deep occurred in the absence of a stable, salt-rich and mineralized brine pool, and that no brine layer ever existed. This conclusion is supported by the constant Sr isotope composition of the sediment and its interstitial waters that are almost identical to that of the Red Sea seawater. The study also suggests that hydrothermal activity monitored fluid supplies that interacted differently with seawater in the different Red Sea deeps, resulting in an overall formation of metal-rich sediments, but along varied local conditions. 相似文献
5.
Age, thermal evolution and history of the Black Sea Basin based on heat flow and multichannel reflection data 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A. Ya. Golmshtok L. P. Zonenshain A. A. Terekhov R. V. Shainurov 《Tectonophysics》1992,210(3-4):273-293
Multichannel reflection data (Tugolessov et al., 1985) have revealed two deeps in the basement topography of the Black Sea which are filled with sediments from 12 to 15 km thick. The deeps lack the “granitic layer” and are underlain by oceanic-type crust which we assume to be generated by seafloor spreading processes. The age of the deeps was interpreted previously, in a highly controversial manner, as being from the Paleozoic — Early Mesozoic to the Recent. In the paper, age estimations were undertaken using surficial heat flow data, assuming that they are related to deep-seated age-dependent heat flow generated by the cooling oceanic lithosphere, but that they are strongly distorted by the heating of continuously accumulating sediments as well as by additional heat input from radiogenic production within sediments. Using reliable thermophysical parameters of compacting sediments, the distorted heat flow in the sediments was evaluated numerically. This allowed us to estimate the age of the Black Sea deeps floor. The results show that the West Black Sea deep is 130 to 95 m.y. old, and the East Black Sea deep is nearly 110 m.y. old. These figures support an interpretation of the Black Sea deeps as remnants of a Late Mesozoic back-arc basin that evolved behind the Lesser Caucasian — Pontide island arc. The inferred Middle Cretaceous age of the deeps is the first estimate obtained quantitatively, and corresponds well with available heat flow and multichannel reflection data. 相似文献
6.
南海北部沉积物成分在渐新世末(23.8Ma)发生剧烈改变,出现地球化学成分上的突变,并在深海沉积中发生沉积间断及滑塌堆积。这些沉积事件在时间上与南海扩张轴由东西方向转为北东—南西方向发生跳跃的时间十分吻合,是渐新世以来南海构造演化史上最为重大的构造事件。经过这次构造事件,白云凹陷由渐新世晚期的浅水陆架环境转为中新世以后的深水陆坡环境,南海北部地区沉积物源由渐新世近源为主转变为中新世远源为主的供给特点;并使南海北部地区自中新世以来总体呈现海侵的特征。这次沉积环境与物源突变事件对南海北部地区油气藏的形成影响深远。 相似文献
7.
Partly laminated sediments were sampled from the brine-filled, anoxic Shaban Deep basin in the northern Red Sea. At about 4200 cal yr BP more than two millennia of anoxic sedimentation is replaced by a sub-oxic facies strongly suggesting the episodic absence of the brine. At the same time stable oxygen isotopes from surface dwelling foraminifera show a sharp increase (within less than 100 yr) pointing to a strong positive salinity anomaly at the sea surface. This major evaporation event significantly enhanced the renewal of deep water and the subsequent ventilation of the small Shaban Deep basin. The timing and strength of the reconstructed environmental changes around 4200 cal yr BP suggest that this event is the regional expression of a major drought event, which is widely observed in the neighboring regions, and which strongly affected Middle East agricultural civilizations. 相似文献
8.
Field study of the Hadahid Block (the eastern margin of the central half-graben of the Suez rift) indicates two listric normal faults at its eastern and western boundaries, the rift-bounding fault and the Hadahid Fault, respectively. These faults were affected by two episodes of movement. The earlier movement (at the initial, Neogene rift opening) led to equal displacements on the two faults whereas the later movement (at the mid-Clysmic event, l7 Ma ago) caused the Hadahid Fault to bound the deep part of the central half-graben. A similar conclusion is also reached for the western margin of the southern half-graben of the rift (Esh El Mellaha and Zeit Blocks). The two listric faults bounding the margin blocks in these two oppositely tilted half-grabens (Hadahid and Esh El Mellaha Blocks) join at depth into a ramp-flat detachment. This geometry of the rift-bounding faults represents an intermediate stage in the evolution of rift basins. It is preceded by the early rifting stage where extension is less and oppositely tilted half-grabens are formed (e.g. the ancestral Red Sea-Gulf of Suez rift). Increased extension at later stages leads to the prevailance of one system of detachment instead of oppositely dipping detachments of adjacent half-grabens. The central and southern Red Sea have perhaps had this geometry before the onset of seafloor spreading. 相似文献
9.
Yanghui Zhao Shaoru Yin Jiabiao Li Jie Zhang Hanghang Ding 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):955-969
ABSTRACT The volume of seamounts is an essential indicator of the intensity of mantle convection during the evolution of the oceanic lithosphere. Drilling and dredging samples suggest volcanic seamounts are widely distributed in the oceanic basin of the South China Sea, and most of them were formed after cessation of seafloor spreading. By using an SRTM15_PLUS Digital Elevation Model with a 15-arc-second grid, we developed a spatial filtering method based on the Top Hat Transform to extract seamounts. With a combined analysis of basalt dating results from previous studies and gravity anomaly data, an accurate estimation of seamount volume and its spatiotemporal distribution have been obtained. In addition to an asymmetric distribution of the seamounts with a larger volume in the northern flank, clusters of seamounts can be observed at certain locations in the abyssal plain. Due to the consistency between the distribution of the seamount volume and the seafloor spreading features in the South China Sea basin, we propose the ridge jump may induce additional partial melting zones which account for the larger number of seamounts developed in the northern flank while the re-orientation of the extension during seafloor spreading dominated the distribution of post-spreading magmatism. Similar to other marginal basins, magmas formed by spontaneous partial melting would migrate through weak lithosphere where the extension direction changed, resulting in post-spreading magmatism in those lithospheric weak zones. 相似文献
10.
在新生代澳大利亚板块和欧亚板块之间的大洋中，存在一些地块(微板块)；同时，澳大利亚板块北部边缘的一些地块先后和澳大利亚板块分离，向北运动，与一些和欧亚板块分离出来的地块先后发生碰撞缝合。在此期间，由于地块分离而发生海底扩张，产生许多小洋盆，如南海、苏录海、苏拉威西海、安达曼海等，最后形成了东南亚地区今日的构造景观。笔者从大南海地区新生代的构造演化史之框架来研究南海地区新生代的构造演化历史，认为南海地区新生代的构造活动既与印度板块和欧亚板块的碰撞有关，也与太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲活动有联系；同时，还受到澳大利亚板块向北运动之影响。南海地区在新生代发生过两次海底扩张，第一次海底扩张发生在42～35Ma前．是受印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞而引起欧亚大陆之下向东南方向之地幔流的影响而发生的，其海底扩张方向为NWSE，产生了南海西南海盆；第二次海底扩张发生于32～17Ma前。由于太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲，俯冲的大洋岩石圈已达700km深处，阻挡了欧亚大陆的上地幔向东南方向之流动，从而转向南流动。引起南海地区南北向海底扩张，即新生代第二次海底扩张，产生了南海中央海盆。南海新生代洋盆诞生之后，由于大南海地区继续有地块碰撞和边缘海海底扩张，对南海南部地区产生挤压，从而使这里的沉积发生变形，这就引起万安运动(南海南部)。 相似文献
11.
Newly discovered outcrops of the middle Pleistocene Benot Ya'aqov Formation are strongly disturbed due to recent tectonic activity along the Dead Sea Rift. The lacustrine-fluviatile sediments of this formation comprise the littoral facies of a paleo-lake that occupied the adjacent Hula Basin. Acheulian artifacts, found embedded in the formation, have typical African characteristics. The geographical position of the site (the northern extension of the East African Red Sea Rift System) is important for understanding hominid diffusion from Africa to Eurasia. 相似文献
12.
西南次海盆位于南海渐进式扩张的西南端,共轭陆缘结构和残留扩张脊保留完整,是研究南海深部结构和动力学机制的关键区域。前期研究发现,西南次海盆洋陆过渡带较窄、同扩张断层发育、地震反射莫霍面不清晰、具有慢速扩张等特征。然而,由于不同探测方法获取的地壳结构具有多解性,使得西南次海盆洋陆转换过程、慢速扩张洋壳结构与增生模式以及龙门海山岩石性质与地幔成因机制等基础科学问题尚存争议。为此我们建议在西南次海盆开展地质取样获取海山岩石样品,确定其年龄与性质,分析扩张后海山形成的深部动力过程;并对关键构造部署高精度的地震反射/折射联合探测,结合岩石物理分析,对西南次海盆进行构造成像和物质组成参数正反演,以实现壳幔尺度的地震学透视,为探索西南次海盆洋陆转换过程和洋壳增生模式提供重要的地球物理证据,以丰富和完善南海的动力学演化模式。 相似文献
13.
The Lisan Peninsula is located within the Dead Sea basin which represents the plate boundary between African and Arabian plates. This basin constitutes a good example of a pull-apart basin because of its large dimensions, its structural simplicity and its active subsidence . The gravity data reveal that the Dead Sea basin can be divided into segments, each of them about 30 km long in N-S direction , where the Lisan Peninsula represents the deepest one (9 km thick Pleistocene sediments ), overlying about 6 km thick Mesozoic sediments . In addition , 20 km of extension was predicted along the Dead Sea basin, which indicates that the Dead Sea basin should be about 3.3 Ma in age . Furthermore, the Precambrian basement under the Lisan area is characterized by high susceptibility contrast that is related to continuous tectonic activity in the region. 相似文献
14.
基于跨南海西南次海盆V型尖端区共轭被动大陆边缘的1 000 km长的深反射地震剖面的解释和分析,深入研究南海临界破裂区地壳结构、盆地构造地层格架和岩浆作用特征,阐明地壳岩石圈的伸展破裂过程.结果表明,在南海西南次海盆共轭陆缘可以识别出3条一级界面,即海底、基底（Tg/Tb）和Moho面,根据这些界面可将共轭边缘划分为箱型域、细颈域、楔型域和薄箱型域等多个地壳基底结构构造特征显著不同的构造单元;在西南次海盆V型尖端陆缘盆地充填序列中识别出岩石圈裂解分离的响应界面,即裂后不整合界面T50/Tm,该界面与基底面Tg/Tb限定了陆缘盆地的同裂陷沉积充填序列,其内发育了T70、T60两条重要的幕式构造响应界面,控制了早期高角度正断层控制的断陷盆地系（Tg-T70）、中期拆离断层控制的拆离盆地系（T70-T60）和晚期断坳转换作用控制的坳陷盆地（T60-T50）;西南次海盆V型尖端薄箱型域属于原洋洋壳域,为岩浆型地壳,代表了岩石圈临近裂解分离、但支撑稳定态海底扩张的地幔对流系统还未完全建立起来之前的“临界破裂”状态,发育于23.5~15.5 Ma（T60-Tm）期间.综合考虑地壳初始厚度、断裂活动性和不同时期的盆地原型等,运用平衡剖面技术重建了西南次海盆V型尖端共轭边缘的发育演化过程,建立了南海西南次海盆临界破裂区构造-地层-岩浆相互作用模式,揭示了南海陆缘岩石圈伸展破裂机制.本研究具有重要的理论意义,并对南海的深水油气勘探具有重大的实际应用价值. 相似文献
15.
The Zhongyebei (中业北) basin (ZYBB) is an NE-striking,narrow and small sedimentary basin superimposing the southern 1/2 segment of the proposed spreading axes of the SW subbasin of the South China Sea (SCS).More than 4 500 m strata were identified in the Zhongyebei basin,including the Paleogene lower structure layer and the Neogene upper structure layer.The SW subbasin of the South China Sea has been regarded as an oceanic basin opened by seafloor spreading,as evidenced by the fiat and deep (＞ 4 000 m mostly) seafloor with linear magnetic anomalies,and by the shallow Moho depth of ＜ 12 km as estimated from gravity modeling.The classic model of seafloor spreading predicts that sediments on the oceanic crust are younger and thinner towards the spreading axes.But in the southwestern segment of the SW subbasin,contradictions appear.Firstly,the thick sedimentation in the ZYBB is along the proposed spreading axes.Secondly,the sediments are thinner (500-1 500 m) and younger away from the proposed spreading axes.Thirdly,geological elements of the two sides of spreading axes develop asymmetrically in the southwestern SW subbasin.Two models,the early opening model and the limited modeling model,are suggested for resolving this paradox.The former suggests that the opening of the SW subbasin was in Late Eocene and earlier than the oldest sediment in the ZYBB.The latter proposes that the opening of the SW subbasin was limited to its northeastern portion,and did not extend to the southwest portion.The ZYBB is a rift basin survived from the spreading but subjected to severe syn-spreading magmatic disturbance.The SW subbasin and the ZYBB of the SCS provide a unique opportunity for studying the structural evolution and dynamic mechanism at the tip of a propagating seafloor spreading.Both models have unresolved questions,and further studies are needed. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents a structural evolution study of the Farasan Bank using an integration of field work, remote sensing data, and regional Bouguer gravity data interpretation. The architecture of the Farasan Islands is influenced by normal faults parallel to the Red Sea rift axis delineating a series of graben and asymmetric half-graben structures as well as salt domes. Geological data suggest that the negative gravity anomaly over the Farasan Bank reflects thick salt deposits. The gravity data shows a general NW-SE trend with the main negative anomaly coincident with the Farasan Islands. Gravity data together with seismic reflection data suggest that salt diapirs are elongated and parallel to the main rift orientation (NW-SE). This indicates that salt deposition and diapirism was controlled by rift-related basement structures. Forward modeling of gravity data constrained by marine seismic reflection interpretation reveals that the evaporites directly overlie the basement in most places. No pre-evaporite formation was detected. Integration of the modeling with field observations and interpretations suggests that the Farasan Islands are in an area of active extension. Extension and salt diapirism on the flank of the mid-ocean ridge is likely to be synchronous with renewed spreading at 5 Ma. 相似文献
17.
William Bosworth 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1994,83(4):671-688
Large areas of north-east Africa were dominated by regional extension in the Late Phanerozoic. Widespread rifting occurred in the Late Jurassic, with regional extension culminating in the Cretaceous and resulting in the greatest areal extent and degree of interconnection of the west, central and north African rift systems. Basin reactivation continued in the Paleocene and Eocene and new rifts probably formed in the Red Sea and western Kenya. In the Oligocene and Early Miocene, rifts in Kenya, Ethiopia and the Red Sea linked and expanded to form the new east African rift system.This complex history of rifting resulted in failed rift basins with low to high strain geometries, a range of associated volcanism and varying degrees of interaction with older structures. One system, the Red Sea rift, has partially attained active seafloor spreading. From a comparison of these basins, a general model of three-dimensional rift evolution is proposed. Asymmetrical crustal geometries dominated the early phases of these basins, accompanied by low angle normal faulting that has been observed at least locally in outcrop. As rifting progressed, the original fault and basin forms were modified to produce larger, more through-going structures. Some basins were abandoned, others experienced reversals in regional dip and, in general, extension and subsidence became focused along narrower zones near the rift axes. The final transition to oceanic spreading was accomplished in the Red Sea by a change to high angle, planar normal faulting and diffuse dike injection, followed by the organization of an axial magma chamber. 相似文献
18.
中国近海海域发育了渤海湾、东海和南海等10多个新生代富油气沉积盆地,其发育演化过程及动力学背景的异同需要在统一的研究思路和方法下进行系统的总结.以海域盆地油气勘探开发中积累的丰富的地质地球物理资料为基础,详细解释和分析了渤海、东海和南海三大海域新生代盆地的构造地层格架,进一步明确了渤海湾盆地斜向拉分盆地的演化阶段,证实了区域走滑断裂体系对盆地发育的重要控制作用;在东海陆架盆地划分出弧后前陆盆地的演化阶段,认识到区域挤压作用对该盆地的演化过程的重要性;在南海北部深水区发现了大型拆离断层及其所控制的拆离盆地,提出大型拆离断层作用是地壳薄化、地幔剥露和陆缘深水盆地形成演化的主要机制.研究揭示出中国近海海域盆地新生代期间在经历了古新世-中始新世期间分布全区的均一断陷作用之后,从晚始新世开始进入到区域构造的差异性演化阶段,其中渤海湾盆地进入斜向走滑拉分阶段,并持续到渐新世末期,随后是中新世的热沉降和上新世以来的加速沉降过程;东海陆架盆地则进入长期的弧后前陆盆地演化阶段,直到上新世开始才进入区域性的沉降过程;而南海则持续伸展形成深水拆离盆地,并最终在渐新世初期（32 Ma）发生岩石圈裂解,南海洋盆开始扩张,陆缘则进入被动大陆边缘演化阶段.区域板块运动学分析表明,晚始新世发生的全球板块运动重组事件导致了中国近海海域盆地构造的差异性演化.该事件发生之前,中国东部处于欧亚板块和太平洋板块相互作用构建的"双板块"动力体制之下,太平洋板块的俯冲后退作用导致了陆缘弧后伸展,形成了广布中国东部大陆边缘的盆岭式断陷盆地系.该事件之后,中国大陆处于印度板块、欧亚板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块等构建的"多板块体制"之下,印度-欧亚大陆的碰撞、太平洋板块俯冲方向的转变、古南海的俯冲碰撞、菲律宾海板块的楔入及其与太平洋板块向西运移俯冲等产生了更为复杂的板块运动过程和多期次的运动重组事件导致了中国海域盆地成因类型的多样性和构造演化过程的差异性.海域盆地是我国重要的油气生产基地,本文的研究不仅进一步深化了中国海域盆地的形成演化过程和动力机制的认识,而且对于该区的油气勘探和开发也具有重要的实际应用价值. 相似文献
19.
Mohammad Abou Romieh Rob Westaway Mohamad Daoud Yousef Radwan Rayan Yassminh Ahlam Khalil Abeer Al‐Ashkar Susan Loughlin Katherine Arrell David Bridgland 《地学学报》2009,21(6):427-437
The Africa–Arabia plate boundary comprises the Red Sea oceanic spreading centre and the left‐lateral Dead Sea Fault Zone (DSFZ); however, previous work has indicated kinematic inconsistency between its continental and oceanic parts. The Palmyra Fold Belt (PFB) splays ENE from the DSFZ in SW Syria and persists for ～400 km to the River Euphrates, but its significance within the regional pattern of active crustal deformation has hitherto been unclear. We report deformation of Euphrates terraces consistent with Quaternary right‐lateral transpression within the PFB, indicating anticlockwise rotation (estimated as 0.3° Ma?1 about 36.0°N 39.8°E) of the block between the PFB and the northern DSFZ relative to the Arabian Plate interior. The northern DSFZ is shown to be kinematically consistent with the combination of Euler vectors for the PFB and the Red Sea spreading, resolving the inconsistency previously evident. The SW PFB causes a significant earthquake hazard, previously unrecognized, to the city of Damascus. 相似文献
20.
Alastair H. F. Robertson Steffen Kutterolf Aaron Avery Alan T. Baxter Katerina Petronotis Gary D. Acton 《International Geology Review》2018,60(15):1816-1854
New biostratigraphical, geochemical, and magnetic evidence is synthesized with IODP Expedition 352 shipboard results to understand the sedimentary and tectono-magmatic development of the Izu–Bonin outer forearc region. The oceanic basement of the Izu–Bonin forearc was created by supra-subduction zone seafloor spreading during early Eocene (c. 50–51 Ma). Seafloor spreading created an irregular seafloor topography on which talus locally accumulated. Oxide-rich sediments accumulated above the igneous basement by mixing of hydrothermal and pelagic sediment. Basaltic volcanism was followed by a hiatus of up to 15 million years as a result of topographic isolation or sediment bypassing. Variably tuffaceous deep-sea sediments were deposited during Oligocene to early Miocene and from mid-Miocene to Pleistocene. The sediments ponded into extensional fault-controlled basins, whereas condensed sediments accumulated on a local basement high. Oligocene nannofossil ooze accumulated together with felsic tuff that was mainly derived from the nearby Izu–Bonin arc. Accumulation of radiolarian-bearing mud, silty clay, and hydrogenous metal oxides beneath the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) characterized the early Miocene, followed by middle Miocene–Pleistocene increased carbonate preservation, deepened CCD and tephra input from both the oceanic Izu–Bonin arc and the continental margin Honshu arc. The Izu–Bonin forearc basement formed in a near-equatorial setting, with late Mesozoic arc remnants to the west. Subduction-initiation magmatism is likely to have taken place near a pre-existing continent–oceanic crust boundary. The Izu–Bonin arc migrated northward and clockwise to collide with Honshu by early Miocene, strongly influencing regional sedimentation. 相似文献