共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the cysteine-rich protein metallothionein (MT) in the detoxification and metabolism of metals in livers of eels Anguilla anguilla from the Thames Estuary, and to assess the value of MT measurements in environmental monitoring. Hepatic MT levels and associated metal concentrations were determined in A. anguilla collected on three occasions during 1998 at sites along the tidal Thames (from freshwater to the sea) and also from a reference site (Tamar Estuary) in southwest England. MT was present at basal levels of 2 mg g(-1) dry weight (dw), predominantly in association with the essential metals Cu and Zn. MT concentrations were variable within each eel 'population' but were generally highest (up to 11 mg g(-1) in individual eels) at the more contaminated upper- and mid-estuarine sites in the Thames (e.g. Brentford and Kew). Lowest MT levels were those in eels from Blythe Sands at the mouth of the estuary. Season, sex, reproductive status and salinity may have influenced MT levels to some extent, although metals were the most significant factor. Hepatic MT concentrations were highly correlated with associated metal burdens (Zn, Cu, Ag and Cd),--notably reflecting Cu and Ag enrichment in the upper- and mid-estuary. With the exception of Zn, metals in the supernatant fraction of eel livers were primarily associated with MT. Proportions of Cu, Ag and Cd bound to MT increased as a function of accumulated metal burdens, with no indication of saturation. Thus, despite causing induction of MT, excess bioavailable Cu, Ag and Cd appear to be successfully detoxified in eels over the range of environmental contamination encountered along the Thames Estuary. Paradoxically, it may be argued from conventional doctrine that the presence of raised levels of MT, at upstream sites, constitutes a response to contamination and, by definition, signals that the fish are affected by metals; however, obvious signs of deleterious effects were not detected. Superficially, from liver MT data, it would seem that eel populations have become biochemically adapted to metal contamination. The approach tested here has proved viable in helping to interpret trends in bioavailability and the toxicological significance of accumulated metal burdens in Thames eels. A. anguilla is a common inhabitant of estuarine and fresh waters throughout Europe, and related species occur world wide. Therefore, determination of hepatic MT (and associated metals) in eels could be useful for monitoring responses to metal exposure and environmental quality on a much broader basis. Ideally these determinations should be performed in tandem with other sublethal-effects measurements to maximise information. 相似文献
2.
Cd, Zn and Cu levels were determined in sediments and Crangon crangon from 9 sites in the Severn Estuary/Bristol Channel during winter 1999. Metal levels in both shrimp and sediments varied significantly between sites and were related to proximity of input and/or sediment type. In the upper Estuary, Cd levels in shrimp were 100x higher than other reported values whereas sediment Cd contamination was comparable. It is suggested that high Cd levels in shrimp are due to the high inputs and enhanced bioavailability of metal during winter. 相似文献
3.
采用2009～2011年珠江口海域获取的代表春、夏、秋、冬4个季节的240个气溶胶样品,分析重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、ca）质量浓度和大气干沉降通量的年、季变化特征．结果表明：气溶胶中zn的质量浓度最高,其次是Pb和Cu,Cd的质量浓度最低,年平均质量浓度依次为69,2、31．2、12．6和0．58ng／m3．Cu、Pb和Zn的年平均质量浓度和入海通量表现为2009年〉2011年〉2010年．Cd的年平均质量浓度和入海通量呈现逐年递减的变化趋势．各金属质量浓度及大气干沉降通量均为秋季最高,冬春季次之,夏季最低,这种季节性差异主要与季风和雨水冲刷作用有关．气溶胶中Cu、Ph、Cd和Zn平均质量浓度的较低值出现在2010年夏季．Pb在4个季节的平均质量浓度低值均出现在2010年,平均质量浓度依次为18．9、3．8、56．7、20．2ng／m3,表明加强人为污染物排放的控制,可有效地降低气溶胶中重金属的含量,提高环境空气质量．通过评估金属元素分别从大气和河流进入珠江口海域的输入量,该海域金属物质输送入海仍以河流输入为主,但大气中Pb对该海域的输入具有重要作用． 相似文献
4.
重金属对扁额细首纽虫金属硫蛋白的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生物体内金属硫蛋白含量变化,可作为环境中重金属污染的生物标志物.通过暴露实验研究了扁额细首纽虫Cephalothrix simula暴露在不同浓度的铜,锌和镉溶液96 h,其体内金属硫蛋白含量的变化规律.结果表明3种重金属离子的胁迫作用均导致金属硫蛋白含量增加,在实验初期(6～24 h),金属硫蛋白含量达到高峰;金属硫蛋白含量与暴露溶液金属浓度具有明显的剂量～效应关系,金属离子浓度越高,金属硫蛋白含量越高;锌离子诱导金属硫蛋白合成的作用大于铜、镉离子. 相似文献
5.
A field study was conducted to assess the potential use of metallothionein (MT) and stress proteins as biomarkers of trace metal exposure. Shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) were collected from five sites: three located in the metal-contaminated Fal estuary (Southwest England) and two control sites located on the south coast of England. Two methods for determining MT levels in crab midgut gland were compared. A direct method in which MT was quantified by spectrophotometric measurement of SH content, and an indirect method in which the metal content (Cu and Zn) of partially purified MT was measured. Stress protein levels (stress-70) were quantified in crab gills using an improved western blotting technique. Elevated Cu and Cd concentrations compared to values in control crabs were found in the midgut glands of crabs from the Fal estuary. No significant variation was seen in Zn concentrations among the five sites. The two techniques used for MT analysis yielded similar results. Metallothionein concentrations were slightly higher in crabs from Restronguet Creek (the most metal-contaminated site) than in crabs from the other four sites, however this difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Stress protein levels did not reflect the metal gradient. 相似文献
6.
7.
Tilapia is a common fish species inhabiting inland waters and estuarine regions in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, and useful for bio-monitoring of metal pollution. Metallothionein (MT) gene expression in fish tissues has been useful to sub-lethal risk assessment as biomarker of exposure to metal ions in fishes inhabiting metal contaminated area. To investigate metal inductions of Tilapia MT gene expression in vivo, Tilapias were injected with different concentrations of heavy metals and tissues were then removed for quantitative PCR assay using mimic PCR methods. All of the metal ions tested (Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+) and Zn(2+)) were able to induce hepatic MT mRNA levels. Renal MT mRNA levels of Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) treated fish was not induced with significant fold induction, however MT mRNA levels in gills were sensitive to the administrations of these metal ions. These data indicated that Tilapia MT mRNA levels in gills and liver are sensitive biomarker of exposure to various metal ions. 相似文献
8.
Metallothioneins and cytosolic metals in Neomysis integer exposed to cadmium at different salinities
In the present study the induction of metallothioneins (MTs) and its relation to cytosolic metal concentrations (Zn, Cu and Cd) in the euryhaline crustacean Neomysis integer exposed to Cd at different salinities was studied. N. integer was exposed to the same free cadmium ion activity of 5.74 x 10(-9) mol l(-1) (i.e. 1/5 of the 96 h LC(50) value expressed as cadmium activity) in hypo-osmotic (5 psu), isosmotic (16 psu) and hyper-osmotic media (25 psu) for 7 days. In this way, the effect of salinity on cadmium speciation was eliminated and therefore the physiological effect of salinity on Cd accumulation and MT induction could be studied. The accumulation of cytosolic Cd in N. integer changed with salinity from 1.11+/-0.05 micromol l(-1) at 5 psu up to 1.43+/-0.17 micromol l(-1) at 25 psu. This could indicate that the physiological response of euryhaline estuarine invertebrates like N. integer to salinity changes can influence the rate of trace metal uptake from solution. While the salinity changes did not cause significant differences in cytosolic Zn concentrations (mean value of all tested salinities: 34.4+/-2.8 micromol l(-1)), an inverse relationship between salinity and cytosolic Cu concentration was observed. The highest concentration of 15.7+/-2.3 micromol Cul(-1) was determined at 5 psu and the lowest 10.9+/-1.4 micromol Cul(-1) at 25 psu. This could point to a possible relationship between the copper concentration and the hemocyanin metabolism in N. integer. This is the first time that differential pulse voltammetry method was applied to MT assays with N. integer. Although the exposure to Cd resulted in a higher Cd cytosolic concentration, no subsequent MT increase was detected. The significant positive correlation between MT levels and cytosolic Cu concentrations (Spearman correlation coefficient r(s)=0.356, p=0.009) implies a strong relationship between MT and Cu in N. integer. 相似文献
9.
黄河尾闾及近岸沉积物中重金属的含量分布及生态风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解黄河尾闾及近岸沉积物中重金属的污染特征,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定了黄河河道和河口48个样品中Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和As等6种重金属的含量,并对其分布和生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,黄河尾闾及近岸重金属的总含量沿河道至河口方向呈现先增加后降低再增加的趋势,至近岸B断面,As、Pb、Cd和Zn含量呈明显增加趋势,Cu和Cr含量增加幅度较小;黄河河口沉积物中重金属浓度明显高于河道沉积物中重金属的浓度。与我国其他流域相比,研究区域重金属含量处于较低水平。潜在生态风险评价结果表明,黄河尾闾及近岸沉积物6种重金属潜在生态风险系数从高到低依次为:CdAsPbZnCuCr,黄河尾闾及近岸沉积物的潜在生态风险主要由Cd和As引起,两者的贡献率分别为55.90%和29.54%,研究区域生态风险低,污染轻。研究结果将为黄河尾闾及近岸生态保护、环境管理和污染治理提供一定基础数据。 相似文献
10.
V Debacker L S Schiettecatte T Jauniaux J M Bouquegneau 《Marine environmental research》2001,52(5):427-444
The common guillemots, Uria aalge, found stranded at the Belgian coast, display high levels of Cu in both liver and kidneys. The condition index of the animals, defined as the ratio of liver to kidneys mass (Wenzel & Adelung, 1996, The suitability of oiled Guillemots (Uria aalge) as monitoring organisms for geographical comparisons of trace element contaminants. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 31, 368-377), influences both the metal concentration and its binding to metallothioneins (MT): the lower the condition index, the more emaciated the animals, and the higher the total Cu concentration and the concentration of Cu bound to MT. In less robust individuals, our results suggest that Cu could displace Zn from MT, rendering the Zn ions available to induce a new MT synthesis. Sex-related effects also emerged as significantly higher hepatic MT as well as Cu- and Zn-MT concentrations were found in emaciated male guillemots compared to females. In both organs, Cd concentrations remained low and typically demonstrated an age-dependent renal accumulation, with no noticeable effect of the condition index. As a whole, these results suggest that, for guillemots found stranded at the Belgian coast. Cu binding to hepatic and renal MT could function as a protective mechanism, rendering the metal ions unavailable to exert any cytotoxic activity. 相似文献
11.
Das K Beans C Holsbeek L Mauger G Berrow SD Rogan E Bouquegneau JM 《Marine environmental research》2003,56(3):349-365
The relationship between trophic position through delta13C and delta15N and trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Cu and Hg) was investigated in the tissues of six marine mammal species from the Northeast Atlantic: striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba, common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, Atlantic white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus, harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena, white beaked-dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris, grey seal Halichoerus grypus stranded on French Channel and Irish coasts. White-beaked dolphins, harbour porpoises, white-sided dolphins, common and striped dolphins display the same relative and decreasing trophic position, as measured by delta15N values, along both the Irish and French channel coasts, reflecting conservative trophic habits between these two places. Hepatic and renal Cd concentrations were significantly correlated to muscle delta13C and delta15N values while Hg, Zn and Cu did not. These results suggest that Cd accumulation is partly linked to the diet while other factors such as age or body condition might explain Hg, Zn or Cu variability in marine mammals. Combined stable isotope and trace metal analyses appear to be useful tools for the study of marine mammal ecology. 相似文献
12.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(7):1101-1116
Hydrothermal vent mussels are exposed continually to toxic compounds, including high metal concentrations and other substances like dissolved sulphide, methane and natural radioactivity. Fluctuations in these parameters appear to be common because of the characteristic instability of the hydrothermal environment. Temporal variation in the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total glutathione peroxidases (Total GPx), selenium dependent glutathione peroxidases (Se-GPx)), metallothioneins and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the gills and mantle of the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus from Menez–Gwen hydrothermal vent site was evaluated and related to the accumulated metal concentrations (Ag, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn and Zn) in the tissues. Maximum antioxidant enzyme activities in the gills were detected in the beginning of summer, followed by a gradual decrease throughout the following months. One year after, the levels of antioxidant enzyme activities were similar to those reported one year before. LPO in this tissue exhibited a similar temporal variation trend. A different pattern of temporal variation in antioxidant enzyme activities was observed in the mantle, with a gradual increase from summer to the end of autumn (November). LPO in the mantle exhibited an almost reverse trend of temporal variation to that of antioxidant enzyme activities in this tissue. Antioxidant defences in the gills of B. azoricus were significantly enhanced with increasing concentrations of Ag, Cu and Mn, while negative relationships between antioxidant enzymes and Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations in the mantle were observed, suggesting different pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and that these tissues responded differently to the metal accumulation. However, temporal variation in biomarkers of defence and damage were in general similar to coastal bivalve species and can be associated with temporal variations of the physiological status due to reproduction. These variations might also be linked to the highly unstable nature of the hydrothermal environment. 相似文献
13.
Spatial and temporal distributions of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in the intertidal sediment of the Chang jiang River Estuary in China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Spatial and temporal distributions of nutrients (N and P) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd)
in the intertidal sediments at Dongtan wetland of the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary
were examined by laying one transect running seaward to landward during January, April, June,
August and October of 2005. Total nitrogen (TN) and heavy metal concentrations in the intertidal
sediment showed an increasing trend from open bare °at to the high marsh, with the maximum
concentrations in the high marsh and the minimum values in open bare °at. In contrast, sediment
total phosphorus (TP) concentrations changed little among sampling sites. One-way ANOVA found
that there were signiˉcantly temporal variations of nutrients and heavy metals concentrations in the
intertidal sediment (P <0.05). The concentrations of heavy metals generally showed an increasing
trend from January to October. As compared with other large estuaries, heavy metal contamination
in the intertidal sediment of the Changjiang River Estuary was relatively low. 相似文献
14.
九龙江口红树植物叶片重金属元素含量及动态 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文探讨了福建九龙江口潮间带秋茄、木榄、红海榄、白骨壤和桐花树等红树植物叶片重金属元素Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｍｎ的含量及动态。结果表明，该河口红树林区表层土壤沉积物元素含量顺序为Ｍｎ〉Ｚｎ〉Ｐｂ〉Ｃｕ〉Ｃｄ；５种红树植物叶片元素含量顺序为Ｍｎ〉Ｚｎ〉Ｃｕ〉Ｐｂ〉Ｃｄ；不同物种叶片元素含量大都有明显差异；叶片对土壤元素富集系数，以Ｍｎ、Ｃｄ较高，Ｐｂ最低；随叶片从幼叶－成熟叶－黄叶的生长发育，Ｍｎ 相似文献
15.
Concentrations of P and of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) were determined in sediment cores from the Peel-Harvey Estuary in Western Australia. Two cores were extracted, each representing one of the two basins of the estuary. Sediments were dated by surplus210Pb, by137Cs and by changes in the Fe/S ratio. Increasing exports of P from the mainly agricultural catchments have resulted in more than a doubling of both total P and acid extractable inorganic P in sediments of the estuary. Accumulation of P in the estuary is less than expected for complete retention of inputs of P from the major tributaries. Historical data show that since 1950 average concentrations of dissolved inorganic P have approximately doubled in the Peel Inlet and increased by times seven in the Harvey Estuary. Increases in concentrations in surface sediments of acid extractable Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu are noticeable in the Peel Inlet, and of Zn and Cd in the Harvey Estuary. The greatest increase, relative to background, is shown by Zn. Concentrations of extractable Zn and Cd in surface sediments are similar to those estimated from average concentrations in the water column for equilibrium adsorption to organic matter in sediments. Extractable Pb is greater than estimated for equilibrium adsorption to sediments. Extractable Cu is of the order of what can be expected for equilibrium adsorption to sediments in the Peel Inlet, but is less than expected in the Harvey Estuary. 相似文献
16.
九龙江口表层沉积物重金属的污染特征与来源分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解九龙江口表层沉积物重金属的污染特征，作者于2013年9月在九龙江口进行了表层沉积物采样调查分析，结果表明：沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd的空间分布较为相似，高值区均分布在南溪入海口和海门岛下游海域，Cr含量的高值区也分布在南溪入海口附近。聚类分析将采样点位分为4类：第一类主要分布在河口区外侧，沉积物中油类含量较高；第二类主要分布在南溪出海口，硫化物、Zn和Cr的含量较高；第三类分布在河口区中北部，污染物含量处于中等水平；第四类主要分布在海门岛下游海域，硫化物、TOC、Cu、Pb和Zn含量较高。地质累积系数评价显示：Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As处于未污染到轻度污染水平，Cd为轻度污染到重度污染水平；Zn、Cr、Cd的Igeo指数相对较高，第二类和第四类站位的Igeo指数相对较高。相关分析表明，硫化物与Cu、Zn、Cd正相关性较高，Cu与Zn、Cd、Cr正相关性较高，Pb与Zn、Cd正相关性较高，Zn与Cd、Cr正相关性较高。主成分分析表明，河口沉积物重金属主要有以下几个可能来源：流域和河口的工农业活动和采矿活动、流域水土流失、流域自然风化。针对河口沉积物重金属污染，流域-河口污染控制与生态修复需采取以下措施：工业污染的控制、农业污染控制、养殖污染的控制、植树造林与河岸带绿化和矿山生态恢复。 相似文献
17.
In order to identify the major sources of trace metals (TM) in the Portuguese coastal waters, 58 surface water samples were collected during September 1988. The area sampled extended from the Tagus Estuary (down to a salinity of 25) to cape Ste Marie on the southern coast of Portugal. Dissolved metal concentrations in the fully marine waters ranged from 30 to 250 pM for Cd, 0.7–15 nM for Cu, 0.9–20 nM for Zn and 1.8–4.5 nM for Ni. Within the Tagus Estuary (salinity 25), concentrations increased to 3400 pM for Cd, 26 nM for Cu, 14 nM for Ni and 230 nM for Zn.The large-scale distribution of these metals is dominated by two strong continental sources, both probably linked to the exploitation of pyrite ores. In the Tagus Estuary, TM enrichments can be mostly attributed to a pyrite roasting plant located on the shore in front of Lisbon. Concerning the south Portuguese shelf waters, several hypotheses are proposed to explain their elevated metal concentrations. We particularly discussed the likely influence of the Tinto/Odiel rivers located 100 km eastward, an influence well known in the shelf waters of the Gulf of Cadiz. These rivers are extremely metal-rich because of acid mine tailings originating from their catchment. Between these two regions, upwelling of relatively metal-poor water largely contributes to the dilution of the continental inputs. Indeed, water exchanges on the shelf linked to the upwelling involve water fluxes 500 times higher than the Tagus River flow, and renew the coastal waters that are thus cleaned from terrestrial contamination. Contrary to many other upwelling systems in non-contaminated areas, the Portuguese upwelling does not act as a source of trace-metal enrichment of the continental margin waters. 相似文献
18.
Metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were determined in seawaters and soft tissues of Chthamalus montagui from the northwest coast of Portugal during the four seasons of 2011. The main objectives of this work were to assess seasonal and spatial variations of metals in order to detect hot spots of contamination, to establish correlations between metals in coastal seawaters and C. montagui and to calculate metal bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) in each season. Metal concentrations in coastal seawaters ranged within Cd: 1.2–35 ng L?1; Cr: 15–87 ng L?1; Mn: 77–1763 ng L?1; Cu: 126–1819 ng L?1; Fe: 430–4048 ng L?1 and Zn: 2889–16867 ng L?1 and in C. montagui ranged for Cd: 0.39–1.98 mg kg?1; Cr: 0.45–3.13 mg kg?1; Cu: 0.93–5.70 mg kg?1; Mn: 2.2–20.4 mg kg?1; Fe: 135–707 mg kg?1 and Zn: 119–782 mg kg?1. Significant spatial and seasonal variations were found between: (i) metal concentrations in seawaters and C. montagui tissues; (ii) the distribution of metal concentrations in C. montagui tissues were Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cr > Cd and (iii) C. montagui showed higher bioaccumulation factors for Fe and Cd than for Cu, Mn and Zn in all seasons. Regarding the metal concentrations accumulated in C. montagui tissues during each season of 2011, the ecological quality classifications of the NW coast of Portugal varied from “Class I–Unpolluted” to “Class III–Remarkably Polluted”. 相似文献
19.
20.
A two-dimensional HPLC system, tandemly coupled to an ICP-MS, has been used to study copper accumulation and turnover in the visceral complex cytosol of the gastropod, Littorina littorea. Animals were exposed for 8 weeks to NTA-buffered seawater containing stable isotopic 65Cu and then transferred to media containing stable isotopic 63Cu. The free ion activity of each isotope was maintained at 10(-11) M. Size exclusion (SE) HPLC showed Cu associated with haemocyanin (HC) and metallothionein-like (MT) proteins in two ligand pools with apparent molecular weights of >300 kDa and approximately 17 kDa, respectively. The MT pool was inducible by Cu, could assimilate the metal from both intrinsic and extrinsic sources and showed a higher rate of Cu accumulation and turnover than the HC pool. The induction of this pool also caused the sequestration and cytosolic redistribution of Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn and Co. Further fractionation of the MT pool by ion-exchange (IE) HPLC revealed that the Cu was associated with a single, major isoform of the protein that was Cu inducible and also bound trace quantities of Zn and Pb. A number of additional metal containing proteins were also resolved by IE. the most prominent of which also bound Pb, Mn and minor quantities of Zn. The significance of these findings in metal homeostasis and detoxification is discussed. 相似文献