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1.
Michael Woods 《GeoJournal》2011,76(4):365-381
This paper examines the local politics through which the reconstitution of rural localities under globalization is advanced
and contested, with particular reference to the impact of international amenity migration. It contends that as globalization
proceeds not by domination but by hybridization and negotiation, local politics is critical as the sphere in which the outcomes
of globalization processes are interpreted and contested. The paper examines the case study of Queenstown Lakes district in
South Island, New Zealand, as a locality that has experienced significant transformation through engagement with globalization
processes. These include high levels of international amenity in-migration, substantial overseas investment in property, commerce
and construction projects, and an increasing volume of international tourists. Collectively, these processes have contributed
to rapid population growth and intensive pressure for the development of rural land in the area. As detailed in the paper,
land use planning became the dominant issue in local politics, with conflict between groups informed by ‘boosterist’ and ‘environmentalist’
stand-points, as well as the ‘aspirational ruralism’ of amenity in-migrants. Although locally-grounded, the conflict engaged
trans-local actors and networks and transgressed space and scale, thus becoming itself an expression of globalization. 相似文献
2.
Delineation of groundwater recharge zones and identification of artificial recharge sites in West Medinipur district,West Bengal,using RS,GIS and MCDM techniques 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
Artificial recharge plays a pivotal role in the sustainable management of groundwater resources. This study proposes a methodology
to delineate artificial recharge zones as well as to identify favorable artificial recharge sites using integrated remote
sensing (RS), geographical information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques for augmenting groundwater
resources in the West Medinipur district of West Bengal, India, which has been facing water shortage problems for the past
few years. The thematic layers considered in this study are: geomorphology, geology, drainage density, slope and aquifer transmissivity,
which were prepared using IRS-1D imagery and conventional data. Different themes and their corresponding features were assigned
proper weights based on their relative contribution to groundwater recharge in the area, and normalized weights were computed
using the Saaty’s analytic hierarchy process (AHP). These thematic layers were then integrated in the GIS environment to delineate
artificial recharge zones in the study area. The artificial recharge map thus obtained divided the study area into three zones,
viz., ‘suitable,’ ‘moderately suitable’ and ‘unsuitable’ according to their suitability for artificial groundwater recharge.
It was found that about 46% of the study area falls under ‘suitable’ zone, whereas 43% falls under the ‘moderately suitable’
zone. The western portion of the study area was found to be unsuitable for artificial recharge. The artificial recharge zone
map of the study area was found to be in agreement with the map of mean groundwater depths over the area. Furthermore, forty
possible sites for artificial recharge were also identified using RS and GIS techniques. Based on the available field information,
check dams are suggested as promising artificial recharge structures. The results of this study could be used to formulate
an efficient groundwater management plan for the study area so as to ensure sustainable utilization of scarce groundwater
resources. 相似文献
3.
Nancy Krieger has been one of the leading voices in documenting how social ‘axes of difference’, including race, ethnicity
and class make people vulnerable to poor health and limit their access to effective health care. We discuss the importance
of ‘locating’ diversity in health inequalities research. This includes critically dissecting racial and ethnic axes into more
nuanced social categories that incorporate differences based on immigration and other factors. It also involves considering
how diverse population groups vary in their perception and use of space for health-related activities and exposures. Examples
relating to immigrant populations’ health and access to health care are discussed. 相似文献
4.
War on Terror,work in progress: security,surveillance and the configuration of the US workfare state
This paper evaluates the impact of recent shifts in the geopolitical outlook of the United States—specifically the ‘Global
War on Terror’ and its domestic ramifications—on the prior project of reconfiguring the US state to an after-Fordist ‘workfare’
paradigm. In particular, the paper attempts to situate recent developments in the reconfiguration of the American welfare
state within the context of debates over the ‘exceptional’ nature of US politics post-9/11. The extent to which this has had
a bearing on work practices, welfare provision and workfarism is investigated, citing examples from the post-9/11 era. On
the basis of such examples it has been suggested that the project of reconfiguring the US welfare state and labour relations
does overlap and intersect with the emergency practices that the US state has instituted domestically as part of the War on
Terror. However, the reconfiguration of the US welfare state towards a neoliberal or workfarist paradigm is, we argue, largely
part of the ‘normal’ (as opposed to exceptional) fabric of US politics. The project of reconfiguring the US welfare state
is ongoing and largely autonomous (although not entirely removed) from the use of exceptional practices in relation to the
US security state. Investigation of this relationship, we assert, provides a potentially fruitful ‘new direction’ for both
critical geopolitics and political economic geography, and grounds for interaction between the two. 相似文献
5.
Tim Bunnell 《GeoJournal》2004,59(4):297-305
Becoming the tallest building in the world in the mid-1990s, the Petronas Towers was the centre piece of an image of national
progress and development that Malaysian authorities sought to project internationally. The release of Fox Movies' Entrapment in Malaysia in May 1999 provoked political outrage and popular disappointment at the way in which the Petronas Towers in
Kuala Lumpur had been spliced alongside riverside ‘slums’ filmed in the town of Malacca some 150 km away. This paper provides
a critical reading of the spliced scene in the movie. At one level, the angry response of the Malaysian Prime Minister, Dr
Mahathir Mohamad, to the scene diagnoses a geopolitics of asymmetrical representational power. However, I show how Mahathir's
criticism of Entrapment in Malaysia was as much a defence of domestic political legitimacy (and national economic investibility) as it was ‘opposition’
or ‘resistance’ to hegemonic ‘Western’ (mis)representation. In addition, while the material and symbolic work of reimaging
Kuala Lumpur had sought to negate (neo)orientalist imaginings of ‘Asian’ cities, the controversial scene rendered visible
environmental ‘underdevelopment’ that has no place in a modern (vision of) Malaysia. Entrapment thus performed something in inducing Malaysian cities and citizens to ‘clean up’ their act, to practice ‘fully developed’
ways of seeing, being and being seen.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
The Moyar, Bhavani and Palghat-Cauvery shear zones have figured prominently in tectonic and metamorphic syntheses in the southern
Indian Precambrian shield. Implicit in these studies is the assumption that in the Moyar shear zone in particular, transport
has a large strike-slip component, with a dextral displacement of as high as 70 km. Detailed structural investigations in
several key sectors and reconnaissance over a large terrane cast doubt on several aspects of the accepted tectonic model.
Both the Moyar and the Bhavani shear zones are steeply-dipping thrusts, with the Moyar shear in particular characterized by
a predominantly dip-slip transport. Such a movement on a subvertical plane striking EW could in no way rotate the northerly
‘trends’ to EW ones as believed by many worker. Further, the Moyar and Bhavani shear zones are neither as extensive nor as
pervasive as envisaged. Veering of the ‘trends’ in southern Karnataka, northern Tamil Nadu and northern Kerala is an inherent
feature of the superposed fold systems here. Isoclinal folds with axial planes of diverse attitudes, overprinted by upright
folds of varying tightness, have resulted in this change in ‘trend’. 相似文献
7.
This case study considers the early development and recent changes that have occurred in the vicinity of Joo Chiat Road, Singapore,
which can be described as a ‘linear activity corridor’ linking the districts of Geylang, Katong and Marine Parade, immediately
east of Singapore’s urban core. Singapore’s Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) has declared Joo Chiat to be a ‘Conservation
Area’, reflecting local-born Peranakan and Eurasian cultures, with similar status to other more central historic sites such as Chinatown, Kampong Glam, Little India
and Emerald Hill. But the story of Joo Chiat has evolved along a somewhat different trajectory from the more prominent, tourism-related,
heritage areas, with a multiplicity of interactions operating at the margins of the planning process. This has led to the
spatial infusion of potentially discordant, globally related, ‘entertainment and recreational’ activities into an area of
established urban identity and multiple attachments. When a policy of police containment was found to be inadequate in protecting
local residents from undesirable impacts, changes were eventually brought about through a combination of neighbourhood activism
and local political initiative. Through detailed land use inspections, press reports and strategic interviews, backed up by
secondary sources, the study highlights the impingement of marginalised, potentially disruptive ‘global’ elements into a local
heritage conservation area, and the importance of strong neighbourhood identity and community involvement as active components
in the process of conflict resolution. 相似文献
8.
This paper juxtaposes the actual areas of settlement and settlement activities of Chinese migrants in Brisbane’s southern
suburbs since the mid-1980s, with the concomitant, ‘government planned’ construction of the city’s Chinatown as an ‘exotic,’
‘ethnic,’ and ‘cosmopolitan’ landmark. It argues that while the latter, as with Chinatowns in other Australian and world cities,
has continued to appropriate the symbols of so-called ‘Chineseness’ to sell the locale to non-Chinese, the former, in recalling
the notion of ‘ethnoburbia,’ significantly evinces actual Chinese migrants’ agency and role in place-making. In the process,
these migrants have not only established a local, ethnically meaningful environment, but also challenged the still current
metonymic Western image of the Chinese as preferring life in ‘ethnic’ urban enclaves that had its origin from early Chinese
settlement and fundamentally detached from the lives of other ethnic groups per se. Indeed greater recognition and comprehension of such locales may go a long way to illustrate that many Chinese living in
Australia today do not fit the territorial, place-based identity often associated with them in the imagination of mainstream
society. 相似文献
9.
J. Sen N. Ranganath Y.V. Rathaiah D. B. Sen S. N. Kak 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,74(5):639-645
During radiometric investigation at Mawlait, significant uranium mineralisation (0.024–0.22%U3O8) was located mainly within the small pegmatite (garnet bearing quartzofeldspathic rock), which are locally segregated within
migmatite at Umiang River section. Pink granite and granite gneisses are the dominant lithounits of the study area showing
fertile character and spotty radioactivity at several places. Radioactivity in these rocks is mainly contributed by discrete
uraninite grains along with some zircon and xenotime. Granites are peraluminous, low-Ca in nature and their geochemical signatures
suggest derivation from a felsic source. Discriminant diagrams using Rb, Nb and Y indicate ‘within plate’ to ‘volcanic arc’
nature of the rock. The uraniferous pegmatitic veins within migmatite appear to have formed due to localised metamorphic segregation
during late stage of anatexis. Petromineralogical and geochemical studies suggest that the uranium mineralisation in granitic-pegmatitic
rocks of the area is mainly syn-magmatic type. 相似文献
10.
The neighbouring towns of Haparanda and Tornio, separated only by a narrow strip of grass and wetland, are divided by the
only inhabited land boundary between Finland and Sweden in the southern part of the Torne River. The population represents
four different groups in relation to linguistic and cultural backgrounds. In the daily lives of the inhabitants, the state
boundary is probably of less significance than linguistic, social and ‘ethnic’ differences. On the local government level
there is a strong will to unite forces to make the total area a viable region in spite of its peripheral location, but state
legislation makes co-ordination difficult. This may be seen as a necessity, but in the daily lives of the populations, the
state boundary defines an area of unequal access, sometimes working in favour of and sometimes barring contacts and co-operation.
The media consumption reflects a clear ‘national’ interest with a strong local bias. In their attitudes, Finnish speakers
and bilinguals show a greater appreciation of ‘the other’ than unilingual Swedes. This may reflect the actual possibility
space (reach) in the local area.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
The intent of this paper is to explore how ‘reel’ and ‘real’ landscapes can be rendered dialectic. The analysis focuses on
the filming of Tarzan's Secret Treasure (1941) at the wildlife preserve of Wakulla Springs in Florida, which was administered
by the financial tycoon Ed Ball. Using Mitchell's recent commentaries on ‘good’ and ‘bad’ dialectics as our entry point, we
offer two readings of this cinematic process. The first renders the on and off screen Wakulla Springs as ideological fodder,
serving to valorise capital, masculinity and whiteness. The second reading addresses how this place has been actively constructed
from discourses pertaining to class, gender and race, such that Wakulla exists as a series of fully relational spaces within
diverse contexts, both ‘real’ and ‘reel’. In structuring our analysis in this manner, we hope to make clear why it does indeed
matter for film geographers to acknowledge the conceptual presumptions brought to bear in the framing of the real and the
reel as objects of analysis.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Paul Richards 《GeoJournal》1999,47(3):433-442
Mary Douglas (1993) has indicated some of the shared concerns that keep voluntary enclaves together as ‘social movements’.
The present paper describes a rather different kind of enclave politics, being concerned with the ‘new violence’ of groups
enclaved by social exclusion and force. The paper focuses on the emergence and subsequent development of dissidents in the
civil war in Sierra Leone. The RUF was at the outset a tiny but conventional guerrilla force, modelled on one of the militias
in the Liberian civil war, and seeking to overthrow a decayed neo-patrimonial ‘one-party’ regime. Gaining little popular support,
its members became marooned in forested isolation on the Liberia-Sierra Leone border. Recruits were mainly school children
seized by force and ‘converted’ through having to take part in atrocities against rural civilians. Unable to return to the
larger society on pain of summary execution, captives have had little option but to adjust to the political fantasies of a
violent and unstable leadership. They were enclaved by force. Indicating the predictive strength of Douglas' arguments about
the cultural dynamics of the enclave, the subsequent atrocity-drenched story of the RUF suggests that it is not the content
of belief that determines institutional culture but vice versa. To survive, the enforced enclave develops the concerns of
the classic ‘sect’ - a doctrinaire ‘rationality’ (expressed in crude acts of ‘subtractive’ violence), rejection of magic,
decision making by lots, preoccupation with defection, otiose leadership style. If the rest of the world is to come to terms
with violent enclave organizations such as the RUF and Algerian GIA it may have to pay more careful attention to the way enclave
institutions think. They may not respond ‘rationally’ to the kinds of incentives offered by mainstream groups organised around
hierarchical and/or individualist systems of social accountability.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
The lowest unit of the Talchir Formation of Talchir Basin, Orissa, was described by pioneer workers as the ‘basal boulder
bed’. In an attempt to explain the co-existence of gravel and clay, materials of contrasting hydraulic properties, a probable
situation resembling the effects of the action of ground-ice enabled boulders to be carried down by sluggish currents resulting
in an intermixture of large boulders and fine mud was conceived. Misinterpretation of this conclusion led to a general tendency
to describe the ‘basal boulder bed’ as ‘glacial tillite’. However, the unit described as ‘basal boulder bed’ is actually represented
by a matrix rich conglomerate with pockets of normally graded silty clay. The present study reveals that the depositional
imprints preserved in this part of the sedimentary succession indicate emplacement of successive debris flows generated through
remobilization of pre-existing unconsolidated sediments. Small pockets of fine-grained turbidites presumably deposited from
the entrained turbidity currents associated with the debris flows suggest the composite character of the debris flow deposit. 相似文献
14.
Hans Knippenberg 《GeoJournal》2006,67(4):317-330
The Netherlands is part of the historic Northwest-Southeast multi-confessional culture belt according to the comparative framework
of church-state relations in Europe as recently developed by Madeley on the basis of Rokkan’s conceptual map. The aim of this
paper is to describe the development of the church-state relations in the Netherlands within this historic framework of state-formation
and nation-building, and to interpret recent challenges of its historic state-church model, such as secularisation, the rise
of immigrant religions, and general ‘de- and re-territorialisation’ tendencies. The Netherlands developed from a relatively
very tolerant polity dominated by the Calvinist Church to a ‘pillarised’ society, in which the Rome-Reformation divide (which
also had a strong geographical dimension) was institutionalised in the political system. After the 1960s, very strong secularisation
put this ‘pillarised’ system under severe pressure, but the remnants of this system offered a favourable opportunity structure
for religious newcomers (Muslims in particular), who could establish their mosques and Muslim schools relatively easily. However,
while the main Protestant churches, and even Catholic and Protestant political parties have merged, failing integration of
these newcomers in Dutch society and terrorist attacks at the global level as well as in the Netherlands encouraged a new
divide between Muslims and non-Muslims. The metropolitan areas in particular became the scene of this new divide. 相似文献
15.
Lisa Bhungalia 《GeoJournal》2010,75(4):347-357
In September 2007 Israel’s security cabinet approved a ‘hostile entity’ classification for the Gaza Strip and intensified
its economic and diplomatic blockade of this Hamas-controlled region. Taking the ‘hostile entity’ classification as a point
of entry, this paper examines the construction of Gaza as an insurgent zone, a liminal space within which Israel’s executive
discretion has authorizing force. Central to this process, it argues, is a blurring of lines between the civilian and combatant—the
elimination of a purely civilian space. This paper begins with an analysis of the discursive strategies employed to collapse
the space between the civilian body and battlefield in Gaza. It then turns to an examination of socio-spatial practices mobilized
around the ‘hostile entity’ classification, foremost Israel’s sanctions policy, and argues this counter-insurgency strategy
entails regulation and management of the Palestinian body combined with the active subjugation of Palestinian life to the
power of death. Centrally, this paper attends to the relationship between geopolitics and violence at the scale of the (Palestinian)
body. 相似文献
16.
A comparative analysis of several vulnerability concepts 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A comparative analysis of six vulnerability models aims to identify differences and similarities between several approaches
towards understanding vulnerability. The analysis yields a set of characteristics for explaining the condition of vulnerability
(multiple contexts, multiple dimensions, temporal variability, multiple scales and scale-interdependency). In addition, ‘adaptation’
and ‘adaptive capacity’ are identified as key elements of vulnerability. The results of the analysis are put into a wider
context not only of vulnerability but also of resilience and risk research. It is demonstrated that ‘adaptation’ and ‘adaptive
capacity’ serve as hinges not only for conceptualising vulnerability but between ‘vulnerability’ and ‘resilience’ alike. Based
on the results of the comparative analysis, a model of vulnerability focussing on the household and community scale is developed,
which displays the key findings of this work. 相似文献
17.
Charles C. Fonchingong 《GeoJournal》2006,65(3):137-149
Communities are increasingly becoming development spaces where members are dynamic actors in fashioning issues of common interest.
This paper explores women’s efforts at building social capital for communitarian ventures in selected rural localities of
the Cameroon grasslands. It is argued that effective participation in raising livelihoods and infrastructure provisioning
is facilitated through women’s social networks (njangis). The paper situates the gender concerns in community participation, rekindled through village development associations (VDAs)
– crucial in needs identification, prioritization and execution of identified projects. Based on focused field studies in
selected localities, it is established that due to their low social status, workloads and tight schedule, women remain on
the sidelines of the leadership in VDAs. However, women’s in-cash or in-kind contribution remains crucial to the successful
implementation of projects. Enhancing female participation hinges on efforts at erasing cultural stereotypes that project
women as domestic workers, improving literacy, increased access to productive resources especially land, direct support to
women’s agricultural activity and improved rural infrastructure (roads, water supply, and electricity) that is compromising
women’s participation and empowerment drive. 相似文献
18.
Paulo Cesar da Costa Gomes 《GeoJournal》2004,60(4):339-344
We are concerned here with the notion of space as a primary condition for building social relations. From this stand, we have
created two analytical matrixes that can help us characterize two modes: that of ‘being-there-in-space’ and that of ‘being-of-the-space’;
the nomospace and the genospace. While the nomospace is characterized by ‘cold’ connotations, which are ideally defined as a result of a logical option, the genospace is mainly characterized by emotional or ‘warm’ connotations, which originate from a feeling of shared nature and common destiny.
We believe that these matrixes could help us to identify the meanings of some behaviours and, therefore, make us more capable
of interpreting many dynamics that occur in modern societies. The importance of geography is justified by the existing relationship
between these behaviours and their proper spatial form.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
I. E. Smith 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1972,34(2):167-176
This paper presents petrographic, major element, and trace element data from high-potassium ‘shoshonitic’ rocks of Miocene
age which intrude Eocene submarine basalts in southeastern Papua. The intrusives fall into two distinct but overlapping groups,
a ‘near-saturated’ group ranging from gabbro to syenite with regular petrographic and chemical variations, which is either
slightly nepheline normative or quartz normative, and a nepheline normative ‘undersaturated’ group which shows wide variations
in texture, modal mineralogy, and chemistry. Biotite-bearing pyroxenites are associated with the intrusives but their genetic
relationship to the intrusives is unknown. The intrusion of shoshonitic rocks at the beginning of a period of major tectonic
activity in southeastern Papua shows that high-potassium magmas can be generated in areas of active tectonism and may form
part of the island arc ‘magmatic’ association. 相似文献
20.
C. Gdaniec 《GeoJournal》2000,50(4):379-387
In a former industrial part of Barcelona, as in the de-industrialising neighbourhoods of many big cities, the ‘new’ economy
and the ‘cultural’ economy have started to replace the ‘old’ economy, bringing new life into a declining district but also
causing conflicts of land use, housing or the preservation of architectural heritage. The latter is an important part of regeneration
and marketing policies of city governments, whereby the ‘new’ economy not only emerges from the old but the physical space
of the old industrial quarter becomes the tool and setting in which the city can re-present itself and its success story of
transformation and regeneration. Through the increasing use of information and communication technologies, which are at the
same time driving this transformation - an industry as such as well as business-aid in various sectors, cultural industries
in particular - the city has acquired a second, virtual presence. The city exists and ‘lives’ on numerous websites. Those
by city government and city organisations often have the express purpose of marketing and presenting the city, while those
by (cultural) businesses and other organisations in the district add to the mosaic of the virtual city. As a result, the old
industrial space continues to live and be productive, its economic value having changed largely into a cultural value. This
coexistence of the real and the virtual, old and new, also meets with a conflict at certain junctures. There is the positive
representation of plans and events on the city's websites on the one hand, and the undercurrent of protest and disenchantment
among the local population who find themselves marginalised from the profits and success of development, on the other.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献