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1.
穿孔爆破是露天矿开采的主要模式,爆破产生的冲击效应将导致周边岩体出现不同程度的损伤破裂,影响台阶边坡的稳定性。提出一种利用钻孔注水试验评价爆破周边岩体等效损伤场的方法,通过向若干钻孔内注满水,记录不同时间的水位,绘制水位随时间的变化曲线,并最终获得不同位置的损伤程度及损伤深度。采用相对损伤因子定量化表征爆破对岩体的损伤程度,通过水位-时间曲线中速降段与平缓段的交界点反映岩体的损伤深度及损伤距离。通过试验发现,爆破引起的周边岩体损伤范围一般在20 m之内,引起的最大损伤深度在12 m以内;铁矿的抗爆能力高于灰岩,相同位置铁矿的相对损伤因子比灰岩的小7.5%左右,铁矿的最大损伤距离及最大损伤深度均比灰岩的小4～6 m;某些情况下注水后水位会快速降至某一特定高程,然后保持不变,表明该高程出现了贯通性导水带,可通过窥视仪等设备进行观察校核。 相似文献
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Precambrian iron ores of the Singhbhum-North Orissa region occur in eastern India as part of the Iron Ore Group (IOG) within the broad horse-shoe shaped synclinorium. More than 50% of Indian iron ore reserves occur in this region. Massive-hard, flaky-friable, blue dust and lateritic varieties of iron ores are the major ore types, associated with banded hematite, jasper and shales. These ores could have formed as a result of supergene enrichment through gradual but extensive removal of silica, alumina and phosphorus from banded iron formations and ferruginous shale. Attempts for optimal utilization of these resources led to various ore characterization studies using chemical analysis, ore and mineral petrography, XRD analysis, SEM and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). The ore chemistry indicates that the massive hard ores and blue dust have high iron, low alumina and phosphorus contents. Because of high quality, these ores do not require any specialized beneficiation technique for up-gradation. However, flaky-friable, lateritised and goethitic ores are low in iron, high in alumina and phosphorus contents, requiring specific beneficiation techniques for up-gradation in quality. XRD, SEM and ore microscopic studies of massive hard ores indicate the presence of hematite and goethite, while flaky and lateritic ores show a higher concentration of goethite, kaolinite, gibbsite and hematite. EPMA studies show the presence of adsorbed phosphorous as fine dust in the hard ores. Sink and float studies reveal that most of the gangue minerals are not completely liberated in the case of goethitic and lateritic ores, even at finer fractions. 相似文献
3.
Mineralogy and geochemistry of banded iron formation and iron ores from eastern India with implications on their genesis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The geological complexities of banded iron formation (BIF) and associated iron ores of Jilling-Langalata iron ore deposits,
Singhbhum-North Orissa Craton, belonging to Iron Ore Group (IOG) eastern India have been studied in detail along with the
geochemical evaluation of different iron ores. The geochemical and mineralogical characterization suggests that the massive,
hard laminated, soft laminated ore and blue dust had a genetic lineage from BIFs aided with certain input from hydrothermal
activity. The PAAS normalized REE pattern of Jilling BIF striking positive Eu anomaly, resembling those of modern hydrothermal
solutions from mid-oceanic ridge (MOR). Major part of the iron could have been added to the bottom sea water by hydrothermal
solutions derived from hydrothermally active anoxic marine environments. The ubiquitous presence of intercalated tuffaceous
shales indicates the volcanic signature in BIF.
Mineralogical studies reveal that magnetite was the principal iron oxide mineral, whose depositional history is preserved
in BHJ, where it remains in the form of martite and the platy hematite is mainly the product of martite. The different types
of iron ores are intricately related with the BHJ. Removal of silica from BIF and successive precipitation of iron by hydrothermal
fluids of possible meteoric origin resulted in the formation of martite-goethite ore. The hard laminated ore has been formed
in the second phase of supergene processes, where the deep burial upgrades the hydrous iron oxides to hematite. The massive
ore is syngenetic in origin with BHJ. Soft laminated ores and biscuity ores were formed where further precipitation of iron
was partial or absent. 相似文献
4.
The main objective of this experimental study was to investigate the evolution of the mineral liberation characteristics of an ore undergoing grinding. Six samples of an iron ore containing hematite, magnetite and quartz have been tested. Mineral grade and liberation measurements have been performed with an image analyser on polished sections of particles from several discrete size intervals.For each product, the grade in iron oxides was increasing greatly with the fineness of the particles. Moreover, in each size interval down to 270 mesh, it was slightly decreasing as grinding proceeded. These behaviors are due to the fact that iron oxides were ground more easily than the siliceous gangue. The degree of liberation of the valuable minerals was evidently increasing with the particle fineness. Moreover, for each size interval coarser than 48 mesh, it has also shown a slight decrease with grinding. For finer sizes however, it appeared in practice invariant and independent of the grade or of the degree of grinding. These observations are of interest when considering that the grinding products tested were very different in fineness while corresponding to various modes of fragmentation.(jaw crushing, roll crushing and ball milling) and to an ore with a high tendency to break along the mineral grain boundaries. 相似文献
5.
Abstract In recent years, a considerable amount of microscopic spherules have been found in concentrates recovered from some stratabound gold deposits occurring in Middle-Upper Triassic turbidite series in northwestern Sichuan. Study indicates that these spherules are cosmic dust. It is the first time that cosmic dust of extraterrestrial origin has been found in hydrothermal gold deposits in China. The spherules are steel-grey in colour and show metallic luster. Their grain size is commonly less than 100 μm. According to their composition, they belong to chromium - rich iron cosmic dust. The spherules have complex and diverse microscopic structures and textures, i.e. they show a very distinct Widmanstāten structure. The variation of cosmic dust content in gold deposits exhibits a positive correlation with the mineralization intensities and hydrothermal alteration. Such a relation indicates that the ore substances may transport not only mechanically but also may chemically in hydrothermal solutions. 相似文献
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Difficulties are encountered in the interpretation of variograms from mixed populations. A case history study of a soft iron ore body capped by laterite demonstrates that the variations observed in variograms for different elements are caused mainly by intermixing of different lithologic units which are interstratified. In the case of soft iron ore, occasional bands of clay and blue dust affect significantly the variations observed for iron, silicon, and aluminum. In the future, it is recommended that the variograms produced reflect a single population. 相似文献
8.
Mary K. Butwin Melissa A. Pfeffer Sibylle von Löwis Eivind W. N. Støren Eniko Bali Throstur Thorsteinsson 《Sedimentology》2020,67(6):3067-3087
The volcanic origin, primarily basaltic, of most of the surface material in Iceland influences its physical properties and appearance. Size distributions, shape analyses and melting experiments were made for surface material collected in high-erosion dust source areas and fresh volcanic ash deposits to determine whether they differ from one another and from dust from other major dust sources. The major differences found between Icelandic dust and dust from other major dust sources in the world, such as the Sahara, are in the particle shapes, lower density and darker colour. Icelandic dust particles greater than 20 μm retain volcanic morphological properties that are also found in fresh volcanic ash. Dust and fresh volcanic ash particles less than 20 μm are crystalline and blocky in nature, similar to the dust from other global source regions. The finer grained (<20 μm) Icelandic particles will have similar suspension and transport behaviours and be similarly hazardous to health and infrastructure as non-Icelandic dust. The coarser particles (>20 μm) will have different suspension and transport behaviours than other dusts due to the volcanic morphology. Icelandic surface material has between 5% and 30% glassy particles compared to fresh volcanic ash which has more than 50% glassy particles. Glassy particles were observed to melt at a lower temperature than the mineral grains; and, as a result, volcanic ash is found to be more threatening to aircraft engines than the typical dust from Iceland. Icelandic dust was observed to be blocky, or plate-like in the respirable size fraction, suggesting similar health hazards as dust from other regions. 相似文献
9.
R. K. Upadhyay S. Asokan A. S. Venkatesh 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,77(6):549-556
The eastern limb of horse shoe shaped “Bonai Synclinorium” in India hosts Banded Iron Formations (BIFs), consisting of major
high grade iron deposits. Phosphorus (P) gets adsorbed in the iron ore by way of ion exchange mechanism of clay minerals and
hydrated secondary iron oxide minerals. Its concentration is lesser in hard ores and blue dust types of ores, while the highest
in case of lateritic ores. P content reduces with increase in iron (Fe) content in individual ore types. Along the eastern
limb, phosphorus content gradually reduces from north to south direction. Since phosphorus is mainly associated with secondary
lateritization process, its concentration is very high in top weathered profile and along the weaker zones. 相似文献
10.
By studying the charging plan of a ring and analysing the propagation of the stress waves caused by blasting in sub-level caving, the effects of detonator positions on ore fragmentation and ore extraction were investigated. Two detonator positions were studied and compared with each other. (1) Detonators were placed at the lowest charged position in a blast hole. This position is used in daily production blasting in Malmberget mine, and a ring with the lowest detonator position is called ordinary ring. (2) Detonators were placed at the middle of a charged blast hole, and a ring with such a detonator position is called a test ring. The study on charging plan and the analysis on stress wave propagation showed that a test ring has the following advantages over an ordinary ring: (a) fewer not-detonated (or initiated) blast holes in a ring; (b) more detonation energy utilized; (c) less back breakage to “eye brow”; (d) better fragmentation; (e) more ore extraction. On the basis of the above analysis, a total of 40 test rings have been tried and the ore extraction in the 40 rings has so far been finished in the mine. Correspondingly, the results from production indicate that: (1) The success rate of the detonated blast holes has been up to 91% according to our measurements to 16 test rings. (2) Severe back breakage has been avoided and common back breakage has been reduced in the test rings. (3) Fragmentation is much better, compared with the ordinary rings. (4) The average ore extraction from all of the test rings is increased by 107%, compared with that from the ordinary rings in the same drifts. Particularly, the lowest ore extraction from the test rings is increased by 80%, compared with that from the ordinary rings. (5) The iron content in extracted ore from the test rings is increased by 7.2% on average, compared with that from the ordinary rings. 相似文献
11.
Susana Torno Javier Toraño Mario Menéndez Malcolm Gent 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(1):73-83
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to simulate the dispersion of dust generated in blasting located
in limestone quarries. This is a complex phenomenon that has been studied through the use of several digital video recordings
of blasts and dust concentration field measurements by ‘light scattering’ dust collectors. In addition, the subsequent simulation
of the dispersion of the dust cloud by means of multiphase CFD has also been studied. CFD calculations were carried out using
software Ansys CFX 10.0, through transitory models with Lagrangian particle models crossing an Eulerian air continuous phase.
This paper presents results obtained by model simulations where physical barriers are set close to the blasting, with the
aim of decreasing the dust cloud dispersal and the associated environmental impact. 相似文献
12.
Because the land requisition and demolishing became difficult more and more, the mining scheme of Luohe iron mine was changed from caving method to filling method. In order to ensure the safety of the residence and the underground tunnel cavern within the mobile belt of the underground mining, the Luohe iron mine did the blasting test on the vertical crater retreat mining method and blasting vibration monitoring. The blasting experiments use common emulsified oil explosives and non-electric initiation system. The way of caved ore adopts the cutting groove and bench side. The NUBOX-6016 intelligent vibration monitor was chosen in the blasting vibration monitoring. Twice experiments on the blasting vibration monitoring were done on the surface or in the underground refuge cavern. The first test select the three monitoring points on the ground and the second select two monitoring points on the ground and a monitoring point in the underground refuge cavern. The blasting vibration monitoring data were conducted by the regression analysis in the Sodev’s empirical formula. The vibration attenuation formula about the underground blasting vibration transmitting in three directions is derived. The blasting test on the vertical crater retreat mining method and the blasting vibration were analyzed. It is estimated if the vibration damage possibly the surface buildings and related facilities of mine. 相似文献
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江西新余铁矿田铁矿成矿地质特征与成因分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文总结了新余铁矿田矿层和含铁岩系变化特征、矿层顶板、底板和含铁岩系标志层特征以及矿田东、中、西段构造特征,分析了铁矿的沉积成岩作用以及构造演化历史,解释了新余铁矿田的各种成矿地质特征,并运用系统分析方法和历史分析方法说明矿田成矿地质系统的内在规律,认为该矿床属于火山-沉积变质铁矿,其物质成分较稳定,体现出规律性的变形... 相似文献
16.
新疆琼河坝位于准噶尔成矿带东段,是一个潜在的以铁、铜、金为主的矿集区。区内铁矿床(点)众多,以往的找矿和研究工作大多聚焦于矽卡岩型富铁矿,对其他类型的铁矿床缺乏足够的重视。为了拓宽琼河坝地区铁矿床勘查思路,需要对区内铁矿床的类型和成矿特征进行系统归纳。文章在野外调查和室内测试分析的基础上,依据矿床(点)的产出地质环境、矿体及矿石矿物成分特征,结合铁矿石主要矿物的主量、微量及稀土元素特征,将琼河坝地区铁矿床划分为矽卡岩型、火山岩型、岩浆分异型、火山间歇期沉积型和湖相沉积型5种类型。矽卡岩型、火山岩型、岩浆分异型和火山间歇期沉积型铁矿赋存在晚古生代泥盆纪—石炭纪火山岩中,湖相沉积型铁矿床赋存于中侏罗统湖沼相含煤碎屑沉积岩中。火山间歇期沉积型铁矿床是在琼河坝地区首次发现的新类型,矿体赋存部位、矿石颗粒磨圆度及胶结成分特征均显示了该类铁矿成矿作用的特殊性。从找矿角度分析,目前主攻方向为矽卡岩型铁矿,而火山岩型铁矿是下一步找矿研究的重点。 相似文献
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对马钢凹山铁矿区断层带中规模较大的粘土矿,采用化学分析、岩矿鉴定、Ｘ衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析、差热分析、透射电镜及物理工艺性能等综合分析测试方法进行了研究,查明其岩石、矿石类型及６种类型矿石的物质组分和矿物特征、２组矿石样品的物理工艺性能,在此基础上,从选矿和提高矿石质量等方面提出了意见 相似文献
18.
《Ore Geology Reviews》2003,22(1-2):1-16
Numerous steel-gray microspherules were recently unexpectedly discovered in ore and rock samples from several disseminated gold deposits hosted in Middle–Upper Triassic turbidites in northwestern Sichuan Province, China. Both nature surfaces and part sections of 227 microspherules have been observed by reflected light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron microprobe analyses, X-ray energy spectra, X-ray powder patterns, the results reveal them to be cosmic dust. It is the first discovery of cosmic dust in this kind of deposits in China.The size of the microspherules ranges from 25 to 185 μm and generally is less than 100 μm. According to their composition, they belong to chromium-rich iron cosmic dust. The microspherules have complex, diverse and diagnostic microscope structures and textures, and such as very distinct airprint structure that are compatible with extraterrestrial material. Variation of geochemical content of the microspherules in the gold deposits in generally positively correlates with both the Ir content of the enclosing strata and the intensity of mineralization and hydrothermal alteration. The abnormally high content of Ir is important evidence for an extraterrestrial source for the microspherules. The fact that a geological body with strong alteration and mineralization is rich in microspherules may raise a new concept: Under endogenic conditions, it is not only possible but also realistic for mineralized material to be transported mechanically, in addition to the generally accepted chemical transport of ore constituents in hydrothermal solution because it is obviously impossible for cosmic spherules to fall directly from space into cemented hydrothermal ore veins more than 1 km deep in the earth. 相似文献
19.
隐伏矿床上方纳米铜颗粒存在形式与成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在铜镍矿床覆盖层土壤颗粒中和其下伏原生矿石中同时采集到金属纳米颗粒,颗粒在其粒径大小、形貌、连接和簇聚形式、微粒元素组合等性质上相似,表明两者为同成因物质,是内生成矿作用元素存在形式,土壤颗粒中金属纳米颗粒来自深部矿体。在金矿上方土壤颗粒中采集的纳米金属颗粒,与在铜镍矿床覆盖层土壤颗粒中采集观测到的微粒,在微粒性质可以对比,表明元素的纳米微粒是稳定形式,在其源区形成后可借助多种营力,穿越后期地质作用覆盖层,在近地表被土壤地球化学障捕获滞留,是深部矿化的有效传递物质。深穿透地球化学技术可从土壤中分离富集采集到此纳米微粒,并通过其微粒性质,追踪其源区性质。此研究结果在实用意义上,可为以土壤作为采样介质的深穿透地球化学勘查探测覆盖区隐伏矿方法提供理论依据。 相似文献