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1.
Ifigeneia Megremi 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2010,2(2):103-123
Plants and soils from central Euboea, were analyzed for Cr(totai), Cr(VI), Ni, Mn, Fe and Zn. The range of metal concentrations in soils is typical to those developed on Fe-Ni laterites and ultramafic rocks. Their bioavailability was expressed in terms of concentrations extractable with EDTA and 1 M HNO3, with EDTA having a limited effect on metal recovery. Cr(VI) concentrations in soils evaluated by alkaline digestion solution were lower than phytotoxic levels. Chromium and Ni — and occasionally Zn — in the majority of plants were near or above toxicity levels. Cr(VI) concentrations in plants were extremely low compared to total chromium concentrations. Cr(total) in ground waters ranged from <1 μg.L?1 to 130 μg.L?1, with almost all chromium present as Cr(VI). With the exception of Cr(total) and in some cases Zn, all elements were below regulatory limits for drinking water. On the basis of Ca, Mg, Cr(total) and Si ground waters were classified into three groups: Group(I) with Cr concentrations less than 1 μg.L?1 from a karstic aquifer; Group(II) with average concentrations of 24 μg.L?1 of Cr and relatively high Si associated with ophiolites; and Group(III) with Cr concentrations of up to 130 μg.L?1, likely due to anthropogenic activity. Group(III) is comparable to ground waters from Assopos basin, characterized by high Cr(VI) concentrations, probably due to industrial actrivities. 相似文献
2.
Maria Economou-Eliopoulos Ifigenia Megremi Charalampos Vasilatos 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,(1):39-52
The effective influence of industry or ultramafic rocks by natural processes to soil, plants and groundwater contamination by chromium, which is often a subject of debate, was investigated for the case of the Assopos basin, Greece. The Neogene Assopos basin, is mainly composed by Tertiary and Quaternary sediments of more than 400 m thick and is characterized by brittle type deformation (fault zones, faults). Chromium in soil, ranging from 67 to 204 ppm, is mostly hosted in chromite, Fe-chromite, Cr-bearing goethite and silicates.Special attention was given to the plants, which are a major source of organic matter that serves as the driving force for Cr(VI) reduction. The increase of the Fe, Mn and Ni contents, with the increasing Cr content in the plant-roots, in particular at the external parts of roots and those of bulb-type plants, suggest reduction and immobilization of Cr(VI) and that redox reactions play a significant role to the translocation processes from root to shoot.Groundwater samples from the Assopos aquifer showed a wide spatial variability, ranging from <2 to 180 ppb Crtotal content [almost same to the Cr(VI)-values] despite their spatial association. The presence of Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater at depths >200 m is attributed to a direct injection of Cr(VI)-rich industrial wastes at depth rather than that Cr(VI) is derived from the Assopos river or by the interaction between water and Cr-bearing rocks. The heterogeneous distribution of Cr in groundwater may be related with the intense neotectonic deformation, as is exemplified by several sharp tectonic contacts between sediment types, while the Cr content in soil is mostly depend on the transported chromite grains. 相似文献
3.
在对洞庭湖区钻孔岩心进行地球化学采样分析的基础上,研究总结了不同物源沉积物元素及其组合的地球化学特征,认为长江物源与四水(湘、资、沅、澧)相比,以富Fe、Na、Ca和Mg、贫Si、高CaO/MgO、Cr/Th、Ca/Cd、Ti/Si、TC/N,低K/Na等为特征,通过散点图和因子分析筛选出Cr/Th等8个指标,构建物质来源地球化学推断的判别方程,利用多目标区域地球化学调查数据,绘制湖区表层沉积物的判别得分图,划分出了长江和四水物源的两个沉积区。 相似文献
4.
中国金伯利岩地球化学 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文利用了100多个金伯利岩的主要元素及微量元素分析结果,用Si/Mg、C.l——(SiO_2+Al_2O_3+Na_2O)/(MgO+2K_2O)、Mg/(Mg+Fe)比值及SiO_2、Al_2O_3及Na_2O含量研究了金伯利岩的混染程度。结果表明,绝大部分金伯利岩受到了混染作用的影响,它们的成分实际上不能代表形成这些岩石的岩浆的成分。金伯利岩的Al_2O_3和Na_2O的含量比其他碱性超基性及基性岩石的Al_2O_3和Na_2O含量低得多。含金刚石的金伯利岩比不含金刚石的金伯利岩的MgO、(Cr_2O_3+NiO)高,而TiO_2+Al_2O_3+Na_2O+K_2O+P_2O_5低。 我国金伯利岩中Cr-Al,Ni-Co,Ni-Cr,Ni-V,Sc-Ti,Zn-Ti,Ba-Sr,Zr-Hf,Nb-Ta,U-Th,K-Rb呈正相关关系。 相似文献
5.
铁岭市东部山区野生经济植物榛子营养元素地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对辽宁省铁岭市东部山区野生经济植物榛子样品中的常量营养元素P、K、Ca、Na、Mg、S,14种营养微量元素和稀土元素含量进行了分析.结果表明,本区的榛子样品其主量元素化学特征属K > P > Ca型,其中Na元素含量变异系数最大,为44.27.微量元素含量水平均在植物元素含量正常值变化范围内,由高到低,元素含量排列顺序为;Mn > Si > Fe > Zn > B > Cu > Ni > F > Cr > Mo > Co > Se > I > V.其中,V元素变异系数最大,为93.18.稀土元素总量∑REE（平均值）为29.66×10-9,属低含量.元素相关性分析表明,元素K与Na、Mg,S与Mg、Ca,P与K、Na、Mg、Ca,Fe与Mn,Co与Mn,Cu与Zn之间,在0.01水平都表现出极显著的正相关,反映这些元素之间的吸收积累有很好的协同作用. 相似文献
6.
Two hundred and forty water samples (in four seasons) and seventeen sediment samples have been analyzed to monitor the natural and anthropogenic influences on the water and sediment chemistry of the Dal Lake, Kashmir Himalaya. The scatter diagrams [(Ca+Mg)/total cations (TZ+), (Ca+Mg)/HCO3, (Ca+Mg)/(HCO3+SO4), (Na+K)/TZ+; (Ca+Mg)/(Na+K)] and the geological map of the study area suggest predominance of carbonate and silicate weathering. Lower pH and high total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity and
values in the Gagribal basin and in some patches of other basins reflect anthropogenic inputs in the form of sewage from surrounding population, houseboats, hotels, etc. The Dal Lake is characterized by high chemical index of alteration (CIA: 87–95), reflecting extreme weathering of the catchment area. Relative to the average carbonates, the lakebed sediments are enriched in Al, Ti, Zn, Cu and Co and depleted in Ni and Mn. Compared to the post-Archean Shale the sediments have higher Al, Zn and Cu contents and lower Ni and Co. There are distinct positive anomalies of Al, Mn, Zn and Cu and negative anomalies of Ni and Pb with respect to the upper continental crust. Geoaccumulation index (I
geo) and the US Environmental Protection Agency sediment quality standards indicate that the Gagribal basin and some patches of the Nagin basin are polluted with respect to Zn, Cu and Pb. These data suggest that the Dal Lake is characterized by differential natural and anthropogenic influences. 相似文献
7.
Experiments using distilled water, spiked with heavy metal cations and passed through a filtration system composed of greensand
containing 80% glauconite at a rate of 2–4 ml/min, showed: (1) starting fluids containing Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Ag, or Zn
had an average of 90% of the contaminating cation removed from acidic solutions and an average of 84% removed from the basic
solutions; and, (2) filtration through greensand tended to neutralize both acidic and basic solutions. The removal of the
contaminant cation from starting fluids containing K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Si, or Al (the principal constituents of glauconite
plus Ca from shell material) is not as consistently effective as for the first named metals. 相似文献
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鸭绿江河口西岸潮间带柱状沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其对流域变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2010年和2011年在鸭绿江西水道和西岸潮间带共采集4根柱状样,通过对2mPb测年、粒度、总有机碳、重金属元素等多指标综合分析,探讨了：（1）鸭绿江河口西水道和西岸潮间带柱状沉积物中重金属的垂向分布及其来源：（2）重金属分布的粒度控制作用：（3）不同时期的粒度和重金属分布变化及其对流域变化的响应。结果表明：f1）Cu和zn可能来源于有机质降解的内源释放：Cr和Ni表征了岩石风化剥蚀形成陆源碎屑的自然来源：Cd和Pb反映了人类活动的影响。（2）除西岸潮间带的Cd和Pb含量可能部分受来源影响外,研究区的粒度效应是控制鸭绿江地区重金属含量分布的最主要因素。（3）粒度变化与流域演变密切相关,重金属含量对流域变化和人类活动响应明显,大致以1940年、1970年、1995年为界分为四个沉积阶段：1940年以前,自然演变对鸭绿江河口西岸潮间带的重金属分布控制明显,而1940年来至今,人类活动的控制作用日益凸显。 相似文献
10.
德兴斑岩铜矿和银山铜铅锌矿床位于江南古陆与钱塘坳陷之过渡带,赣东北深大断裂的北西盘。德兴斑岩铜矿与燕山期(169Ma)浅成花岗闪长斑岩侵入体具有成因联系,侵入体属低硅钠质组合,铝质参数A[A=Al-(K+Na+2Ca)]值变化于-13—93,表现为铝次饱和到不饱和特征,镁铁质参数B(B=Fe+Mg+Ti)值变化于100—265,二者构成负斜率岩浆演变趋势线,表明岩浆起源于上地幔或下地壳。银山矿床的形成与燕山期(145—142Ma)陆相火山一次火山岩系有关,其属高硅钾质火山岩组合,铝质参数A值变化于7—17 相似文献
11.
A total of 42 aquatic particulate sample:, (suspended matter and < 63 m surficial sediments) was collected from 11 large rivers in eastern China. Contents of both major elements (Al, Si, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Ti, Fe, Mn) and trace elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, V) in the particulate samples were analyzed. The geographic variations of river particulate compositions were studied. The results showed that the Yellow River particulates contained a notably high content of Ca and a low content of Al. Except for the Yellow River, A1 contents in particulates increased from the northern rivers to the southern rivers, while K and Na decreased. Trace elements were relatively enriched in the southern river particulates. The geographic variations seemed to be related to the weathering types and geological background within the river basins. The average composition of river particulates in China was then estimated. Based on the Chinese river data from this paper, as well as on the literature data for other main world rivers, a new estimation of the global average particulate composition was reported. Since the earlier estimations in the literature were not concerned with or at best concerned only with few of the Chinese rivers which contribute a major proportion to the global load of river particulates, this new estimation may be more reasonable. 相似文献
12.
采用粉末压片法制样,使用新型X射线荧光光谱仪,对土壤样品中的C、N、S、Cl、Na、Mg、Al、Si、K、Ca、Fe、As、Ba、Br、Ce、Co、Cr、Cu、Ga、Hf、La、Mn、Nb、Ni、P、Pb、Rb、Sc、Sr、Th、Ti、U、V、Y、Zn、Zr等36种组分的直接同时测试进行了探讨测试。研究了测试中各种分析条件及存在问题。结果表明,方法的检出限、精密度和准确度大多数满足多目标地球化学调查样品分析质量的要求,标准物质的测定值与其标准值相吻合,适合土壤样品中多组分的同时直接测定。 相似文献
13.
Four overbank profiles from the three terraces of different age were sampled in 10 to 20 cm intervals for the bulk content of major and minor (Ca, Mg, Fe, Ti, Al, Na, K and P) and trace (Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, As, U, Th, Sr, Cd, Sb, V, La, Cr, Ba, W, Zr, Ce, Sn, Y, Nb, Ta, Sc, Li, Rb and Hf) elements in the minus 0.125 mm fraction. Univariate statistics together with analysis of variance discriminated between the lower-lying carbonate (CA) population dominantly composed of carbonates and the overlying silicate (SI) population being dominantly of silicate mineralogy. This stratified pattern resulted from the intensive erosive action of melting glaciers exerted on limestones and dolomites in the alpine region, followed by local inputs mainly of silicate composition. Elements exhibiting the greatest between-population variability are Ca and Mg being enriched in the CA population and Fe, Mn, P, Sr, Al, Na, K, Li, Rb, Y, Zr, Ni, Cr and Ti being enriched in the SI population. Anomalously high Hg, Pb and Ba concentrations (maximum values: 6,500±2,860 ppb, 225±13 ppm and 1,519±91 ppm, respectively) in the lowermost part of the profile S7, which is nearest to the Croatian-Slovenian border, derive from the mineralized Slovenian catchment area. This profile also contains trimodal frequency distributions of Fe, Mn and P whose highest concentrations coincide with increased values of Zn and Cu which are bimodally distributed. Geochemical patterns of majority of elements in all four profiles consistently reflect the average compositions of the upstream drainage basins. 相似文献
14.
塔里木盆地西南缘片麻状花岗岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在塔里木盆地西南缘发现多个片麻状英云闪长岩,岩体表现为高S i、A l、N a,富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素和高场强元素的Z r、H f、T i,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素P、N i、C r,地球化学具有A型花岗岩的特征。通过锆石SHR IM P U-Pb测年,获得3组年龄:第一组年龄,T=(1 970±47)M a(n=4,M SW D=2.4),代表岩浆捕获的继承锆石年龄;第二组年龄,T=(764±33)M a(n=4,M SW D=2.50),代表岩浆结晶年龄;第三组年龄,T=(424±16)M a(n=6,M SW D=1.03),代表加里东期构造事件年龄。T=(764±33)M a的锆石年龄可能是塔里木地块在新元古代末期R od in ia超大陆裂解岩浆活动的记录,对约束该区地层时代、研究地质构造演化提供了重要信息。 相似文献
15.
Alterations caused by week-long heating of Murchison in a low-pressure environment at 400–1400°C are of two types: thermodynamically-favored, kinetically-controlled or thermodynamicallycontrolled, rapid processes. Kinetically-controlled changes pertinent to chondritic evolution and which vary progressively with temperature in heated Murchison include: chondrule blurring; matrix coarsening; increasing mean Fa and Fs contents of ferromagnesian silicates; equilibration of olivine; increasing Mg/Si, Ca/Si, Ai/Si and Cr/Si and decreasing Fe/Si, Ni/Si and S/Si in matrix; Cr loss from kamacite; homogenization and Ni-zoning in taenite at high temperatures. Low-temperature thermodynamicallycontrolled changes include: transformation of high-Ni troilite to low-Ni and formation of Ni- and Co-rich metal from pentlandite. High-temperature changes include formation of Cr-rich magnetite and formation of a Ni-rich sulfide similar to that found in highly-altered chondrites. Trends resulting from processes of both kinds in Murchison are consistent with characteristics of a postulated C30 metamorphic suite while those changes causes by reactions of the second kind are similar to those in heavily shock-heated, ordinary chondrites and the heavily-metamorphosed C5–6 chondrite. Mulga West. Either our simulations support the metamorphic origin of the C30 suite and other thermally-induced changes or the natural alterations support the utility of laboratory simulations in studying meteoritic evolution. 相似文献
16.
新疆西准噶尔地区赞岐岩（sanukite）的地球化学特征、成因机制及其与铜金矿化的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西准噶尔地区广泛发育高镁质闪长质岩墙。对全岩样品的Ar-Ar测年获得了321Ma的坪年龄,显示其主要形成于石炭纪末。这些岩墙样品以富Si（SiO2 52．3％～56．9％）、Mg（Mg〉60）、Cr（134—204μg／g）、Ni（59,141μg／g）、Sr（468～724pg／g）、Ba（316～676μg／g）为特征且K／Na比值在0．38—0．63之间,类似于日本中新世Setouehi火山岩带中的赞岐岩。这些岩墙大多具有不同程度的Eu正异常并具有高的Ba／La比值（27～124）,反映其主要来自消减带环境下受流体交代的地幔源区的部分熔融。赞岐岩和区内同时代埃达克质岩石的共生组合意味着该区在晚石炭世末曾受到热消减机制的影响。这种热的洋壳俯冲机制,不仅在石炭纪末期产生了大量的岩浆活动,而且也导致了铜金等成矿元素的富集。深入了解赞岐岩-埃达克岩共生组合与铜金矿化之间的密切关系将有助于正确评价区内成矿潜力。 相似文献
17.
The objective of this study was to quantify by experiments the initial seawater–suspended basaltic glass interactions following the 1996 outburst flood from the Vatnajökull glacier, Iceland. The altered basaltic glass dissolved in seawater as recorded by the Si release from the glass. The dissolved concentrations of Na, Ca, Si, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni and total dissolved inorganic N increased with time but the concentrations of Mg, K, S, Sr, Fe, Pb and Zn decreased. Calculated 1 to 10 day fluxes for Si range from 38,000 tons/day to 70,000 tons/10 days. The fluxes for other major elements are more uncertain, but the positive flux (release from suspended matter to seawater) of Ca and Na, and negative flux of Mg, K and S are greater than the Si flux. 相似文献
18.
A hydrogeochemical survey of springs was carried out in Kirsehir, Turkey and fluoride, heavy metals, and mineral contents
were analyzed. The highest fluoride levels were detected in Mahmutlu with 2.1 ppm. The fluoride content of Pohrenk was, on
average, 1.1 ppm. Consequently, dental fluorosis and dental stains were observed in both villages. Although the fluoride concentrations
were within the suggested limits, dental stains and fluorosis were commonly observed among the villagers especially kids.
The fluoride concentrations of 0.7–1.0 ppm were the lowest in Cevirme, which is to the northwest of fluoride ore. The heavy
metal concentrations of resources around the three villages were compared with and were found lower than WHO’s provisional
guideline values. However, the Fe, Zn, and Cr concentrations in hot springs were much higher than cold springs with as much
as 100 ppb for Fe, 50 ppb for Zn, and 15 ppb for Cr. 相似文献
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青藏高原东部金沙江流域是研究高原隆升与陆地风化的理想地区。本文通过对金沙江河流系统的取样,从河流溶质载荷主要离子和悬浮载荷粘土矿物等方面揭示青藏高原东部金沙江流域盆地陆地风化特征。研究表明,金沙江流域盆地陆地岩石风化主要是碳酸盐岩、蒸发盐岩和硅酸盐岩。利用S i、S i/TZ+*、S i/Na*+K和S i/K以及(Na*+K)/TZ+等5个指标结合流域区域岩石分布和土壤特征揭示出流域硅酸盐岩为浅表性初级风化,风化产物主要是富含阳离子的次生粘土矿物。 相似文献