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中国西南天山山前的晚新生代构造与地震活动 总被引：40，自引：0，他引：40
天山是研究现今陆内造山作用及过程、陆内变形、陆内强震及其预测等大陆动力学问题的理想实验场。西南天山和塔里木之间的新生代褶皱－逆断裂带基本上由一南冲弧形推覆构造系统和一向北反冲的构造系统组成，由北而南主要由以下4个运动学单元组成：（1）新生代复活的喀拉铁热克山－天山南脉古生代造山带，其快速变形和抬升可能起始于23－26Ma前，持续至13－16Ma前。（2）向南逆冲的西南天山前陆薄皮主冲断带，包括木兹杜克弧形薄皮推覆体和依柯冲断带，前者代表了向南薄皮逆掩的天山型岩系，地表主要表现为一系列的飞来峰群，在14Ma前曾有过大规模活动，最小缩短量约为20－35km，最小缩短速率为1．4－2．8mm/a；后者代表了向南叠瓦状薄皮逆冲推覆的前陆古生代基底（塔里木地台型沉积岩系）卷入构造，其西段在距今14Ma时曾有过强烈活动。两者共同组成了一复杂的双重构造；新生代地层也卷入变形。（3）喀什－阿图什弧形反冲褶皱－逆断裂带，由3排向北（天山）反冲的左阶雁列展布的第四纪地表滑脱褶皱组成，仅在大山口以西发育。该构造带形成于距今约1．4Ma以后。依什拉克喀拉乌尔断裂以南，博古孜河剖面的最小缩短速率约为5．8mm/a，翁库尔剖面的最小缩短速率约为8．6mm/a。（4）塔里木克拉通下盘块体，向北西方向缓倾，内部变形较小。里木块体西北存在明显的不均匀性，其学问基底高角度逆断裂和走滑断裂控制了盆地新生代沉积的厚度，导致西南天山前陆冲断带的地形地貌、地层、构造变形样式、变形时间以及变形缩短量沿走向的巨大差异性。迈丹－喀拉铁克断裂和阿图什断裂带均为岩石圈规模断裂，研究区的中强地震主要发生在这两条断裂带以及它们之间的西南天山前陆冲断带上。 相似文献
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大别山东南麓有两套薄皮构造，以韧性剪切带为代表的韧性－半韧性薄皮构造和以逆冲推覆为特征的半脆性－脆性薄皮构造，后者可划分出六个一级薄皮层片体，总体上呈倒序迭瓦状结构，地球物理资料等证实大别地体爷冲于扬子地体之上，两者是以缓倾角断裂为边界的斜接碰撞，其南界为郯断裂南端、襄广断裂南东段及其间的隐伏拆离断层，主拼贴断裂在地表分枝为数条层滑－逆冲断裂，主体碰撞时代为225－75Ma，最终拼贴时代可延续到33－23Ma，韧性一半韧性薄皮构造形成于碰撞中、晚期，而半脆性－脆性薄皮构造则地碰撞末期及后造山期，在扬子地体俯冲过程中，俯冲于大别地体之下的盖层层片体被逐片“铲出”，呈上老下新的迭瓦状结构，广泛发育的薄皮构造调节了地体碰撞拼贴造成的强烈压缩变形。 相似文献
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通过对汶川地震前观测的碌曲—若尔盖—北川—中江大地电磁剖面的数据处理和反演解释,揭示了沿剖面的松潘—甘孜地块、川西前陆盆地、龙门山构造带及秦岭构造带50 km深度的电性结构特征及相互关系,表明青藏高原东缘向东挤压,迫使向东流动的地壳物质沿高原东缘堆积,并向扬子陆块逆冲推覆.龙门山恰好位于松潘—甘孜地块与扬子陆块对挤部位,主要受松潘—甘孜地块壳内高导层滑脱和四川盆地基底高阻体阻挡的约束,地壳深部存在着西倾且连续展布的壳内低阻层,表明龙门山深部确实存在着逆冲推覆构造,其逆冲断裂系中的三条断裂不仅以不同的倾角向西北倾斜,并且向深部逐渐汇集,但茂县—汶川断裂可能在深部与北川—映秀断裂是分离的.龙门山两翼的四川盆地和松潘甘孜褶皱带的电性结构既具有明显差异性,又具有一定的相关性.四川盆地显示巨厚的低阻沉积盖层和连续稳定的高阻基底的二元电性结构,而松潘—甘孜地块则表现为反向二元结构,即上部大套高阻褶皱带,下部整体为低阻的变化带,龙门山逆冲构造带本身又表现为松潘地块逆冲上覆在四川盆地之上,构成上部高阻褶皱带、中部低阻逆冲断裂带和底部盆地高阻基底的三层电性结构.对比龙门山逆冲构造断裂带的西倾延伸上下盘两侧的两个反对称的二元电性结构,松潘区块深部推断的结晶基底与龙门山断裂带下盘推断的下伏盆地结晶基底又存在某种内在对应关系,推断可能存在一个西延至若尔盖地块的泛扬子陆块.因此,龙门山构造带地壳电性结构研究对于揭示青藏高原东缘陆内造山动力过程,探索汶川大地震的深部生成机理都具有重要意义. 相似文献
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金龙山-丘岭金矿床地质地球化学特征及成因:秦岭式卡林型金矿成矿动力学机制 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
张复新陈衍景李超张静马建秦李欣 《中国科学D辑》2000,30(Z1):73-81
秦岭卡林型金矿带是世界第２大卡林型金矿集中区,与形成于新生代活动大 陆边缘盆岭省的美国西部卡林型金矿不同,产于中生代大陆内部碰撞造山带,成矿同 位素年龄集中于 １９７．４５－１２９．４５ Ｍａ,属碰撞造山挤压伸展转变期的减压增温体制,表明成矿与碰撞同步．包裹体、同位素和成矿元素地球化学研究揭示成矿流体和成矿物质主要来自海西－印支构造层,中生代时海西－印支构造层沿双河－公馆断裂等的陆内俯冲导 致了金龙山等金矿床形成,基此建立了“秦岭式”卡林型金矿构造成矿模式． 相似文献
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通过大量野外地质调查和深部物探（地震剖面、MT和重力）综合构造解释，在位于东起八盘水磨，西对乌鲁克恰特以西的南天山前陆冲断带中，确定了阿图什－八盘水磨反冲构造系统及其三角带构造；该反冲系统由小阿图什－八盘水磨和乌尔－喀拉套山反冲构造系统及小阿图什－乌鲁克恰特被变形的反冲构造系统组成；即在以往认为南天山向塔里木盆地大规模中推覆的地区，塔里木盆地美国层第四纪以来沿多组滑脱面向天山新生代造山带反冲推覆。塔里木盆地反冲构造系统发育的区域基底埋深往往大于10km，对应麦盖提基底构造下凹区，而相邻柯坪塔格薄皮推覆构造系统发育的区域基底埋深一般小于10km,对应巴楚基底构造上隆区；逆冲和反冲构造转换带基底埋深约10km,平衡剖面恢复表明弧形逆冲和反冲构造顶部分别为逆冲和反冲位移量最大位置。 相似文献
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中扬子地区碰撞造山形变作用的3个演化阶段 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
中法双方在中扬子区联合调查，于前人侧重研究碰撞造山形成作用的基础上， 更加注重探讨碰撞造山的形变作用．以其形变组合顺序依次分为挤压逆冲隆升－走滑 逃逸流变－引张伸展反转３个发育阶段为依据，将该区碰撞造山的过程划分为初造山 期、主造山期和后造山期３个发育时期．对每个阶段的应力应变轴的变化、节理断裂的 转化以及相关构造的演化，就武功山、九岭山和雪峰山的实测资料进行阐述，绘出模式， 并对同构造期形成的岩石测年值作了相应的解释． 相似文献
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扬子块体两侧造山带地壳推覆的地球物理证据及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于深部地球物理探测结果建立的青藏高原东缘-江南造山带的地壳结构,发现扬子块体在NW向受到来自青藏高原东缘物质的逆冲推覆,在SE向受到来自江南造山带物质的逆冲推覆.这些推覆作用控制了川西-江南雪峰造山带西部地壳构造.青藏高原向东挤出的物质,在龙门山断裂带附近遇到坚硬四川盆地的阻挡,以上、中地壳的向上逆冲推覆,下地壳插入到四川盆地之下和扬子块体内地壳的褶皱、缩短、增厚方式被吸收,形成熊坡、龙泉山构造带,造成浦江-成都-德阳断裂、龙泉山西坡断裂的NW向逆冲.这些结果回答了青藏高原东向挤出物质的去向问题.总之,扬子块体两侧受到造山带地壳逆冲推覆的发现,为研究华南地区的陆内造山机制,恢复构造演化历史和青藏高原侧向挤出的运动学过程开阔了视野. 相似文献
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大别山北缘两次俯冲(碰撞)的岩石学和构造学证据 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
大别山北缘北淮阳境内的马畈岩体（（４６２．７±１．５） Ｍａ）、笃祜店岩体（（２９３ ± １２） Ｍａ）、苏仙石岩体（（１４６．２± ０．９） Ｍａ）分别形成在加里东、海西和燕山构造阶段．岩石学研究表明３期岩体均为Ｉ型花岗岩,马畈岩体和笃祜店岩体具有陆弧花岗岩特点,是破坏性板块边缘产物;苏仙石岩体具有碰撞后隆升花岗岩特点．构造分析显示三者变形特点明显不同：马畈岩体经历了加里东、印支－燕山期变形,变形较为复杂;笃祜店岩体经历了印支－燕山期变形,变形强度大;苏仙石岩体经历了燕山期变形,变形强度小．根据区域地层、区域构造和同位素年代学综合分析,在古生代,扬子板块曾两次向华北板块之下消减、碰撞．早期（约 ４００ Ｍａ）碰撞形成北淮阳结晶基底并伴有加里东期高压榴辉岩,晚期（２３０ Ｍａ）碰撞形成大别山造山带并伴有高压－超高压岩石的形成,大别山北缘的北淮阳构造带具有多旋回碰撞缝合带特点． 相似文献
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马尼拉俯冲带是南海的东部边界,记录了南海形成演化的关键信息,同时也是地震和海啸多发区域.本文利用过马尼拉俯冲带北段的高分辨率多道地震剖面,分析了研究区内海盆和海沟的沉积特征,精细刻画了区内增生楔前缘的构造变形、结构以及岩浆活动特征.研究区内增生楔下陆坡部分由盲冲断层、构造楔和叠瓦逆冲断层构成,逆冲断层归并于一条位于下中新统的滑脱面上,滑脱面向海方向的展布明显受到增生楔之下埋藏海山和基底隆起的影响;上陆坡的反射特征则因变形强烈和岩浆作用而难以识别;岩浆活动开始于晚中新世末期并持续至第四纪.马尼拉俯冲带北段增生楔的形成时间早于16.5 Ma,并通过前展式逆冲向南海方向扩展;马尼拉俯冲带的初始形成时间可能在晚渐新世,而此时南海海盆扩张仍在持续.南海东北缘19°N-21°N区域为南海北部陆坡向海盆的延伸,高度减薄的陆壳的俯冲造成马尼拉海沟北段几何形态明显地向东凹进. 相似文献
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Constraining the timing of the India-Asia continental collision by the sedimentary record 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Placing precise constraints on the timing of the India-Asia continental collision is essential to understand the successive geological and geomorphological evolution of the orogenic belt as well as the uplift mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau and their effects on climate,environment and life.Based on the extensive study of the sedimentary record on both sides of the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone in Tibet,we review here the present state of knowledge on the timing of collision onset,discuss its possible diachroneity along strike,and reconstruct the early structural and topographic evolution of the Himalayan collided range.We define continent-continent collision as the moment when the oceanic crust is completely consumed at one point where the two continental margins come into contact.We use two methods to constrain the timing of collision onset:(1) dating the provenance change from Indian to Asian recorded by deep-water turbidites near the suture zone,and(2) dating the age of unconformities on both sides of the suture zone.The first method allowed us to constrain precisely collision onset as middle Palaeocene(59±l Ma).Marine sedimentation persisted in the collisional zone for another 20-25 Ma locally in southern Tibet,and molassic-type deposition in the Indian foreland basin did not begin until another 10-15 Ma later.Available sedimentary evidence failed to firmly document any significant diachroneity of collision onset from the central Himalaya to the western Himalaya and Pakistan so far.Based on the Cenozoic stratigraphic record of the Tibetan Himalaya,four distinct stages can be identified in the early evolution of the Himalayan orogen:(1) middle Palaeocene-early Eocene earliest Eohimalayan stage(from 59 to 52 Ma):collision onset and filling of the deep-water trough along the suture zone while carbonate platform sedimentation persisted on the inner Indian margin;(2) early-middle Eocene early Eohimalayan stage(from 52 to 41 or 35 Ma):filling of intervening seaways and cessation of marine sedimentation;(3) late Eocene-Oligocene late Eohimalayan stage(from 41 to 25 Ma):huge gap in the sedimentary record both in the collision zone and in the Indian foreland;and(4) late Oligocene-early Miocene early Neohimalayan stage(from 26 to 17 Ma):rapid Himalayan growth and onset of molasse-type sedimentation in the Indian foreland basin. 相似文献
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The Cretaceous accretionary complexes of the Idonnappu Zone in the Urakawa area are divided into five lithological units, four of which contain greenstone bodies. The Lower Cretaceous Naizawa Complex consists of two lithologic units. The Basaltic Unit (B‐Unit) is a large‐scale tectonic slab of greenstone, consisting of depleted tholeiite similar to that of the Lower Sorachi Ophiolite (basal forearc basin ophiolite) in the Sorachi‐Yezo Belt. The Mixed Unit of Naizawa Complex (MN‐Unit) contains oceanic island‐type alkaline greenstones which occur as slab‐like bodies and faulted blocks with tectonically dismembered trench‐fill sediments. Repeated alternations of the two units in the Naizawa Complex may have been formed by the collision of seamounts with forearc ophiolitic body (Lower Sorachi Ophiolite) in the trench. The Upper Cretaceous Horobetsugawa Complex structurally underlies the Naizawa Complex in its original configuration, and it also contains greenstone bodies. Greenstones in the MH‐Unit occur as blocks and sedimentary clasts in a clastic matrix, and exhibit depleted tholeiite and oceanic‐island alkaline basalt/tholeiite chemistry. This unit is interpreted as submarine slide and debris flow deposits. Greenstones in the PT‐Unit occur at the base of several chert‐clastic successions. Most of the greenstones are severely sheared and show normal‐type mid‐ocean ridge basalt composition. The PT‐Unit greenstones are considered to have been derived from abyssal basement peeled off during accretion. The different accretion mechanism of the greenstones in the Naizawa and Horobetsugawa complexes reflects temporal changes in subduction zone conditions. Seamount accretion and tectonic erosion were dominant in the Early Cretaceous, due to highly oblique subduction of the old oceanic crust and minimal sediment supply. Whereas, thick sediments with minor mid‐ocean ridge basalt and olistostrome accreted in the Late Cretaceous, due to near‐orthogonal subduction of young oceanic crust with voluminous sediment supply. 相似文献
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渤海位于渤海湾盆地的东部,是我国华北地区新构造活动最强烈的地区之一,盆地内的沉积盖层(N-Q)中断裂极为发育。许多研究者从不同角度对渤海新构造进行过研究,但认识不一。笔者基于以往的工作,对该区新构造作了较深入的分析,确定渤海新构造运动起始于中新世晚期(12~10Ma BP)。从三维空间分析盖层断裂,并按其与盆地基底断裂的成因关系,将新构造活动的断裂分为继续活动断裂和新生断裂,并划分出3条主要的新构造活动断裂带:北东(偏北)向营口-潍坊断裂带北段是继续活动构造带,右旋逆平移活动,活动性弱;北西西向北京-蓬莱断裂带亦为继续活动构造带,左旋正平移活动,活动性较强;北东向庙西北-黄河口断裂带为新生构造带,右旋平移活动,活动性强。后两者组成一对以庙西北-黄河口断裂带为主的偏共轭活动构造带,该区域地震活动与之关系密切。最后探讨了渤海地区新构造期北东东-南西西至近东西向水平挤压的构造应力场及其与新构造活动断裂带发育的关系。提出新构造应力场与古近纪盆地裂陷阶段的应力场截然不同,新构造为地壳共轭剪切破裂系统,古近纪盆地构造是发育于地壳上部的伸展构造系统,这是两期不同体制的构造系统。 相似文献
15.
Hanpu Fu Xiumian Hu Erica M. Crouch Wei An Jiangang Wang Eduardo Garzanti 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(9):1204-1220
The history of convergence between the India and the Asia plates, and of their subsequent collision which triggered the Himalayan orogeny is recorded in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. Exposed along the southern side of the suture, turbidites of the the Jiachala Formation fed largely from the Gangdese arc have long been considered as post-collisional foreland-basin deposits based on the reported occurrence of Paleocene-early Eocene dinoflagellate cysts and pollen assemblages. Because magmatic activity in the Gangdese arc continued through the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene, this scenario is incompatible with U-Pb ages of detrital zircons invariably older than the latest Cretaceous. To solve this conundrum, we carried out detailed stratigraphic, sedimentological, paleontological, and provenance analyses in the Gyangze and Sajia areas of southern Tibet,China. The Jiachala Formation consists of submarine fan deposits that lie in fault contact with the Zongzhuo Formation.Sandstone petrography together with U-Pb ages and Hf isotope ratios of detrital zircons indicate provenance from the Gangdese arc and central Lhasa terrane. Well preserved pollen or dinoflagellate cysts microfossils were not found in spite of careful research, and the youngest age obtained from zircon grain was ～84 Ma. Based on sedimentary facies, provenance analysis and tectonic position, we suggest that the Jiachala Formation was deposited during the Late Cretaceous(~88–84 Ma) in the trench formed along the southern edge of Asia during subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. 相似文献
16.
Structure and deformation around the Gyirong basin,north Himalaya,and onset of the south Tibetan detachment system 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Gyirong basin and its adjacent area are located at a special position in the Himalayan orogen, where the south Tibetan detachment
system (STDS) and N-S trending rift converged. The north Himalayan orogen here can be divided into five petrologic-tectonic
units successively from south to north: 1) the Greater Himalayan crystalline complex (GHC); 2) the STDS shear zone; 3) the
Tethyan Himalayan sedimentary sequence (THS); 4) the late Cenozoic sedimentary basins, such as Gyirong and Oma basins; and
5) the Malashan gneiss dome. Structural studies show that this area experienced four stages of deformation: 1) the earlier
south-directed thrusting, preserved both in the GHC and THS; 2) top-down-to-north slip along the STDS, normal faults related
to this slip formed the early controlling structures of the Cenozoic basins, and the tilted pattern of the blocks between
the basins indicated a north-directed slip; 3) east-west extension, the resultant N-S trending normal fault formed the eastern
boundary of the basins; and 4) late gravitational collapse. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating on the syn-deformational (leuco-) granite
along the STDS indicates that the major activity of the STDS occurred at ca. 26 Ma, but its onset may have begun as early
as ca. 36 Ma.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40821002, 40572115) 相似文献
17.
汕头－吕宋岛岩石圈速度结构与震源构造──台湾浅滩7．3级地震构造之一 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汕头－吕宋岛岩石圈速度结构剖面，划分出华南陆缘古生代陆壳、陆架区晚古生代－中生代陆壳、陆坡带中生代－早第三纪过渡壳、新生代南海海盆洋壳及吕宋岛中生代－新生代岛弧陆壳与东吕宋海槽洋壳等地壳构造组分，并确定了上述地壳构造之间的边界断裂构造及其性质。结合地震震源分布及机制，初步确定了华南陆架盆岭构造带北、南两侧地震构造的控震构造与发震构造性质及其震源力学特征；１）指出１９９４年９月１６日台湾浅滩７．３级地震属于板缘壳幔地震及造成一千公里有感范围的原因；２）马尼拉海沟的海底地堑构造与南海海盆岩石圈地幔上隆是马尼拉海沟俯冲带震源显示正断层性质的原因，且为被动的或转换俯冲带；３）东吕宋海槽仍属于菲律宾海俯冲带性质；吕宋岛东西两侧俯冲带岩石圈板片震源深度的准三层分布，可能表明俯冲带岩石圈板片存在相应的低速滑移层。 相似文献
18.
Abstract The Molucca Sea is a narrow basin located south of Mindanao (Philippines) and underlined by a north-south ophiolitic ridge. This ridge represents the outer ridge of the Sangihe subduction zone and emerges by uplift in the central part of the basin, in the Talaud Islands. Field studies indicate that forearc sediments rest uncomformably on (i) a dismembered ophiolitic series and (ii) thick melanges. Structural analysis indicates two deformation events, one of which is oriented east-west coaxial with the present state of strain. We interpret the earlier (N20°E) direction as a thrusting event that affected an ophiolitic basement associated with the edge of the Celebes Sea. Thrusting within the oceanic crust and sediments also generated olistostromes (melanges). The style of deformation is characterized by flattened rhombs of peridotites which exists in situ in the upper section of the crustal sequence and were also found inside the melange. Incipient Sangihe subduction around 15 Ma uplifted the deformed crust and buried the melanges beneath the forearc sediments. Recent east-west shortening during subduction of the Snellius Plateau reactivated the melanges within thrusts cutting the forearc series. 相似文献
19.
南天山及塔里木北缘构造带位于帕米尔地区东北侧,地震活动强烈。文中通过地质构造剖面、深部探测资料和地震震源机制解资料,综合研究了该区的地震构造模型。结果认为,该区的构造活动主要表现为天山地块逆冲于塔里木地块之上。天山构造系统包括迈丹断裂及其前缘推覆构造;塔里木构造系统包括深部的塔里木北缘断裂、基底共轭断层和浅部的推覆构造。塔里木北缘断裂是发育于塔里木地壳内部的高角度断裂,其形成原因在于塔里木和天山构造变形方向的差异。塔里木北缘断裂为研究区大地震的主要发震构造,天山推覆构造和塔里木基底断裂系统均具有不同性质的中强地震发震能力 相似文献
20.
Yusuf Surachman Djajadihardja Asahiko Taira Hidekazu Tokuyama Kan Aoike Christian Reichert Martin Block Hans U. Schluter Sonke Neben 《Island Arc》2004,13(1):1-17
Abstract Seismic reflections across the accretionary prism of the North Sulawesi provide excellent images of the various structural domains landward of the frontal thrust. The structural domain in the accretionary prism area of the North Sulawesi Trench can be divided into four zones: (i) trench area; (ii) Zone A; (iii) Zone B; and (iv) Zone C. Zone A is an active imbrication zone where a decollement is well imaged. Zone B is dominated by out‐of‐sequence thrusts and small slope basins. Zone C is structurally high in the forearc basin, overlain by a thick sedimentary sequence. The subducted and accreted sedimentary packages are separated by the decollement. Topography of the oceanic basement is rough, both in the basin and beneath the wedge. The accretionary prism along the North Sulawesi Trench grew because of the collision between eastern Sulawesi and the Bangai–Sula microcontinent along the Sorong Fault in the middle Miocene. This collision produced a large rotation of the north arm of Sulawesi Island. Rotation and northward movement of the north arm of Sulawesi may have resulted in southward subduction and development of the accretionary wedge along North Sulawesi. Lateral variations are wider in the western areas relative to the eastern areas. This is due to greater convergence rates in the western area: 5 km/My for the west and 1.5 km/My for the east. An accretionary prism model indicates that the initiation of growth of the accretionary prism in the North Sulawesi Trench occurred approximately 5 Ma. A comparison between the North Sulawesi accretionary prism and the Nankai accretionary prism of Japan reveals similar internal structures, suggesting similar mechanical processes and structural evolution. 相似文献