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1.
近年来，地图制图理论有了较快的发展，如何将信息传输和视觉感受等方面的研究成果运用于环境水文地质图的编制，是制图工作者和专业人员共同关注的一个重要问题。本文以编制城市环境水文地质图为例，就制图过程中的一些原则和方法作一探讨。 相似文献
2.
针对泰山第四纪冰川有无的争议,在泰山南坡采集沉积物样品进行分析研究。孢粉分析结果显示优势植物种群为"松属+中华卷柏+蒿属+藜科",指示的沉积环境为湿冷环境。扫描电镜观察石英颗粒表面,显示出边缘棱角清晰、具贝壳状断口和解理片的冰川环境特征。通过热释光测试得样品年龄为(30.54±2.59)kaB.P.,相当于末次冰期主冰期中的Paudorf-Stillfried间冰阶。根据泰山现代气候环境推演泰山古气候温度和降水量,得出泰山地区在末次冰期时具备了形成冰川的基本气候条件。鉴于Paudorf-Stillfried间冰阶持续的时间较短,因此初步推断该沉积物指示的古气候环境为冰缘环境。 相似文献
3.
Bacterial diversity and community structure in the East China Sea by 454 sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The 454 sequencing method was used to detect bacterial diversity and community structure in the East China Sea. Overall, 149 067 optimized reads with an average length of 454 nucleotides were obtained from 17 seawater samples and five sediment samples sourced in May 2011. A total of 22 phyla, 34 classes, 74 orders, 146 families, and 333 genera were identified in this study. Some of them were detected for the first time from the East China Sea. The estimated richness and diversity indices were both higher in the sediment samples compared with in the seawater samples. All the samples were divided by their diversity indices into four regions. Similarity analysis showed that the seawater samples could be classified into six groups. The groups differed from each other and had unique community structure characteristics. It was found that different water masses in the sampling areas may have had some influence on the bacterial community structure. A canonical correspondence analysis revealed that seawater samples in different areas and at different depths were affected by different environmental parameters. This study will lay the foundation for future research on microbiology in the East China Sea. 相似文献
4.
为检测便携式矿石元素分析仪在地质矿产勘查中的应用效果,利用矿石元素分析仪对汉寿县某矿区化探样品、安化县某矿区化探样品及塞拉利昂地表工程和工程样品进行测试,通过分析仪器测试结果与实验室测试结果进行对比,显示矿石元素分析仪具有较好的稳定性、一致性和可靠性。该仪器可用于矿体评估、精矿或矿渣分析、矿石等级分析、土壤或沉积物等样品分析、废水或土壤环境监测等地质勘查工作中,是一种快捷、简便、经济和有效的工作方法。 相似文献
5.
The characteristic pattern of multiple colored layers in coastal stratified lakes in the process of separation from the White Sea 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Krasnova Elena D. Matorin Dmitry N. Belevich Tatiana A. Efimova Ludmila E. Kharcheva Anastasiia V. Kokryatskaya Natalia M. Losyuk Galina N. Todorenko Daria A. Voronov Dmitry A. Patsaeva Svetlana V. 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2018,36(6):1962-1977
An unusual feature of the saline stratified lakes that were formed due to ongoing postglacial uplift on the White Sea coast is the presence of several differently colored thin layers in the zone with sharp gradients. Colored layers in five lakes at various stages of separation from the sea were investigated using optical microscopy, spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, and photobiology. The upper greenish colored layer located in the aerobic strata of all lakes near the compensation depth of 1% light penetration contains green algae. In the chemocline, another layer, brightly green, red or pink, is dominated by mixotrophic flagellates. Despite the very low light intensities and the presence of H 2 S, active photosynthesis by these algae appears to be occurring, as indicated by high values of the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry, electron transport activity, photosynthetic activity of photosystem II, the fraction of active centers, and low values of heat dissipation. In the reduced zone of the chemocline, a dense green or brown suspension of anoxygenic phototrophs(green sulfur bacteria) is located. 相似文献
6.
Mapping detailed soil property using small scale soil type maps and sparse typical samples 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Soil type maps at the scale of I Z 1 000 000 are used extensively to provide soil spatial distribution information for soil erosion assessment and watershed management models in China. However, the soil property maps produced through conventional direct linking method usually suffer low accuracy as well as the lack of spatial details within a soil type polygon. This paper presents an effective method to produce detailed soil property map based on representative samples which were extracted from each polygon on the 1 ： 1 000 000 soil type map. The representative sample of each polygon is defined as the location that can represent the largest area within the polygon. The representativeness of a candidate sample is determined by calculating the soil-forming environment condition similarities between the sample and other locations. Once the representative sample of each polygon has been chosen, the property values of the existing typical samples are assigned to the corresponding representative samples with the same soil type. Finally, based on these representative samples, the detailed soil property map could be produced by using existing digital soil mapping methods. The case study in XuanCheng City, Anhui Province of China, demonstrated the proposed method could produce soil property map at a higher level of spatial details and accuracy： 1） The soil organic matter （SOM） map produced based on the representative samples can not only depict the detailed spatial distribution of SOM within a soil type polygon but also largely reduce the abrupt change of soil property at the boundaries of two adjacent polygons. 2） The Root Mean Squared Error （RMSE） of the SOM map based on the representative samples is 1.61, and it is 1.37 for the SOM map produced by using conventional direct linking method. Therefore, the proposed method is an effective approach to produce spatial detailed soil property map with higher accuracy for environment simulation models. 相似文献
7.
Isolation and Characterization of Pathogenic Listonella anguillarum of Diseased Half-Smooth Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Studies were conducted to determine the cause of the acute mortality of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther juveniles in a fish farm in Jimo, Shandong Province, China, in June 2006. Gross signs of the diseased tongue sole included several petechiae and ecchymoses on the body and fin necrosis and hemorrhagic lesion at the base of the fin. Bacteria were isolated from kidney, liver and hemorrhagic lesions of the diseased tongue sole. Among14 strains, SJ060621 was proved to be highly virulent to juvenile tongue sole with LD50 value of 1.0×105 colony forming units (CFU)mL-1, while the remaining 13 were avirulent. Among the 16 antibiotics tested, SJ060621 was sensitive to gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. It was identified as Listonella anguillarum with conventional plate and tube tests in combination with API 20E analysis. 16S rRNA gene and partial HSP60 gene sequenceing analysis revealed that the strain was highly homologous with L. anguillarum. Examination of the infected musculature by electron microscopy indicated numerous bacteria and lots of macrophages containing phagocytosed bacteria. Histopathological investigations revealed severe necrotic degenerative changes in the infected organs. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was employed to detect the location of occurrence of bacteria, and bacteria were found in aggregations in the inflammatory areas in musculature. 相似文献
8.
???????????????????CIT???о??????????????????й???塢?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????￡? 1????????????????????С?????????????????????????????1??2 d???и???,???????????????????????????????????й?|2)???????????????????????????????????????λ???????????????????????????????????????仯???|3)δ??????????????????????????????????????? 相似文献
9.
采用电离层层析成像技术（CIT）研究日本、苏门答腊岛、中国台湾、新疆地区上空不同震级地震前后的电离层三维分布。利用异常探测方法对反演出的电子密度值进行探测并用统计学方法统计地震电离层异常规律,结论如下： 1）在地震前几天或者前几个小时出现电离层明显异常,尤其是在地震前1～2 d震中附近,排除太阳活动和地球磁场影响,初步认为该异常与地震有关|2)电离层电子密度出现异常区域一般涵盖震中区域,与震中位置有少量偏移,而且离震中区域越近,电离层异常变化越大|3)未发现正、负异常的比例与地震之间有明确的对应关系。 相似文献
10.
针对高分辨率遥感影像变化检测结果较破碎,易产生椒盐噪声、监督训练过程中人工标注成本较高、训练样本冗余以及大量未标注样本信息未有效利用等问题,提出一种超像素与主动学习相结合的高分辨率遥感影像变化检测方法。利用超像素分割算法得到超像素对象,提取其光谱和纹理特征;引入并借助主动学习样本选择策略充分利用未标注样本信息,挖掘不确定性最大、最易错分的样本交由用户人工标注;为保证所选样本的多样性,加入基于余弦角距离的样本相似性度量,以减少样本间信息冗余,在减轻人工标注负担的同时获得良好的分类性能。通过对2组不同场景的遥感影像的实验,表明本文提出的2种方法能够在标注少量训练样本的情况下获得较好的变化检测结果,且加入样本相似性度量的变化检测方法在有效减少人工标注成本和训练样本冗余的同时,能够更快地达到收敛、提升检测质量。 相似文献
11.
利用一种深度学习地震信号检测方法（PhaseNet模型）检测甘肃省岷县MS6.6地震序列,根据地震震相关联技术和绝对定位Hypoinverse方法构建AI检测目录,对比人工分析地震目录和震相报告,分析AI自动处理地震事件的误差范围。结果表明,AI技术能够实现85.5%的人工工作量,定位误差在20 km范围内呈正态分布;在低震级地震事件检测中,AI方法也发挥了显著能力。相比于人工处理方法,AI方法稳定性好、不依赖个人经验、分析速度快,在大震后的地震目录快速产出中能发挥关键作用,可提高地震分析能力、节省人力成本。 相似文献
12.
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which obtain energy from dissimilatory sulfate reduction, play a vital role in the carbon and sulfur cycles. The dissimilatory sulfite reductase (Dsr), catalyzing the last step in the sulfate reduction pathway, has been found in all known SRB that have been tested so far. In this study, the diversity of SRB was investigated in the surface sediments from the adjacent area of Changjiang Estuary by PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of the dissimilatory sulfite reductase beta subunit gene (dsrB). Based on dsrB clone libraries constructed in this study, diversified SRB were found, represented by 173 unique OTUs. Certain cloned sequences were associated with Desulfobacteraceae, Desulfobulbaceae, and a large fraction (60%) of novel sequences that have deeply branched groups in the dsrB tree, indicating that novel SRB inhabit the surface sediments. In addition, correlations of the SRB assemblages with environmental factors were analyzed by the linear model-based redundancy analysis (RDA). The result revealed that temperature, salinity and the content of TOC were most closely correlated with the SRB communities. More information on SRB community was obtained by applying the utility of UniFrac to published dsrB gene sequences from this study and other 9 different kinds of marine environments. The results demonstrated that there were highly similar SRB genotypes in the marine and estuarine sediments, and that geographic positions and environmental factors influenced the SRB community distribution. 相似文献
13.
本文首先对我国能源和矿产资源日益增长的需求现状,分析了目前地质找矿所面临的诸多难题,及国内外探索新一代矿物勘查技术的研究现状,然后,系统地介绍了"光谱地壳"的基本概念、研究内容和建设意义。文中指出,"光谱地壳"计划的提出,旨在针对地表和地壳表层,实现高光谱技术对地球表面的地质填图和矿物蚀变信息的遥感探测,以及对岩芯的光谱探测,建立地壳高光谱数据库集,满足以高光谱探测技术对地壳表层一定范围内矿物的识别和探矿需求。 "光谱地壳"计划瞄准国家战略需求,强化技术创新与应用模式创新,提高星载、机载高光谱遥感矿产资源探测能力,建立地面光谱测量平台及地下岩芯光谱扫描、编录、分析平台,发展由天基、空基、地基,地下岩芯探测构成的一体化"光谱地壳"遥感立体探测体系。"光谱地壳"计划是我国高光谱遥感技术发展的顶层设计,拟将解决遥感直接找矿和深部找矿的勘查难题,以带动我国整体勘查技术水平的提高和发展。 相似文献
14.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,(3)
Spatial variations of sediment microbes pose a great challenge for the estimation of anthropogenic influence on biogeochemical processes, yet remain very unclear in coastal ecosystems. Surface sediments in 9 stations from the eutrophic Jiaozhou Bay, China, were sampled, DNA was extracted within the sediments, and the 16 S rDNA was sequenced with the Illumina Hiseq sequencing. Results reveal considerable heterogeneity of sediment bacteria in the Jiaozhou Bay, of which Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes accounted for over 75%. Bacterial alpha-diversity indices decreased generally from the outside to the inner part of the bay and from the offshore to the nearshore area. Bacterial community structures of S3, S4, S7, and S8 clustered, those of S5, S13, and S14 grouped together, while those of S6 and S10 were distinct from each other and from those of the other stations. Major class Gammaproteobacteria were more abundant at the stations with mesoeutrophic to eutrophic levels(S4, S5, S8, and S10) and less abundant at oligotrophic stations(S6, S13, and S14), while Deltaproteobacteria had an opposite distribution pattern. Overall, bacterial community composition transitioned from being Xanthomonadales-dominant at S4 and S8 to being unidentifed_Gammaproteobacteria-dominant at S5, S6, S13, and S14, while in other stations there were comparable orders. The biogeochemical processes correspondingly changed from being nitrogen cycling-dominant at S4 and S8 to being sulfur cycling-dominant at S5, S6, S13, and S14. The bacterial distribution patterns were especially affected by the factors(dissolved organic phosphorus, DOP) in the overlying seawater due to the habitat status of P-insu fficiency in the bay. Both orders Xanthomonadales and Alteromonadales could serve as bioindicators of anthropogenic pollution to different pollution types. At last, divergent distribution patterns of individual bacterial populations in the bay were revealed, the influential environmental gradients were clarified, and the uncertainty of microbes was reduced, helping to predict environmental functions in coastal areas. 相似文献
15.
建立在统计信号处理理论基础上的相关检测器和匹配滤波器取得了广泛的应用,但两种模型都是建立在对实际通信信道线性化近似基础上的,在适应信道的非线性变化方面有所不足.利用神经网络自适应、非线性和高速并行运算的特点,在此提出了一种结构简单有效的神经网络接收机,并可推广到其他确知信号. 相似文献
16.
2022年1月15日,南太平洋汤加海底火山发生剧烈喷发。为了探测此次火山爆发引起的异常环境响应,利用GPS电离层数据,引入滑动四分位距法探测电离层异常扰动,结果显示：火山爆发前第22天到第27天,总电子含量出现大面积的正异常现象,部分时刻的异常超过10TECU。在火山爆发前第16天、前第10天和前第1天均出现了较轻微的负异常现象,异常均小于5TECU,其中火山爆发前第25~27天的TEC异常可能是由于太阳活动引起的。以上结果表明本研究成功利用GPS技术探测到此次火山爆发过程中的异常环境响应。 相似文献
17.
Studies were conducted to determine the cause of the acute mortality of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther juveniles in a fish farm in Jimo, Shandong Province, China, in June 2006. Gross signs of the diseased tongue sole
included several petechiae and ecchymoses on the body and fin necrosis and hemorrhagic lesion at the base of the fin. Bacteria
were isolated from kidney, liver and hemorrhagic lesions of the diseased tongue sole. Among14 strains, SJ060621 was proved
to be highly virulent to juvenile tongue sole with LD50 value of <1.0×105 colony forming units (CFU) mL−1, while the remaining 13 were avirulent. Among the 16 antibiotics tested, SJ060621 was sensitive to gentamicin and nitrofurantoin.
It was identified as Listonella anguillarum with conventional plate and tube tests in combination with API 20E analysis. 16S rRNA gene and partial HSP60 gene sequenceing
analysis revealed that the strain was highly homologous with L. anguillarum. Examination of the infected musculature by electron microscopy indicated numerous bacteria and lots of macrophages containing
phagocytosed bacteria. Histopathological investigations revealed severe necrotic degenerative changes in the infected organs.
Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was employed to detect the location of occurrence of bacteria, and bacteria were found
in aggregations in the inflammatory areas in musculature. 相似文献
18.
A serious sandstorm occurred in North China from April 5 to April 7, 2000, while the remote smallsand decending took place in even larger area to the far northeast China. In Chanchun city, smallsand descending with snow provides the best samples to conduct a quantitative research on the possible impacts of city- ecology. In the 253km2 urban district area of Changchun city, smallsands accumulated up to more than 3000t on April 7, according to the calculation of four "mud- snow" samples. After naturally melting in room temperature, two samples are taken to do quarantine of "invasion bacteria". As a preliminary result, the individual amount of bacterium in 1 ml sample water is up to 8.9 × 104 or 1.05 × 105, and it is estimated that there are 640 million "invasion bacterium" individuals in one square meter. This study proves that other than the obvious environmental effects of sandstorm, the urban micro- ecosystem is very possible under threat by the "invasion bacterium" accompanied by remote descending smallsand. 相似文献
19.
生态环境遥感分类数据矢量化方法与应用 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
遥感分类数据矢量化建库是生态环境遥感制图及其应用分析过程中主要的处理内容和基础工作。以福建省海岸带生态环境遥感分类数据为例 ,在分析遥感图像处理系统对遥感分类和专题信息提取后处理中矢量化能力不足和结果存在严重缺陷的基础上 ,综合应用遥感和地理信息基础软件平台 ,提供的系列数据管理、分析和数据转换功能模块 ,开展基于生态环境遥感影像分类数据的矢量化建库技术探讨 ,提出一个生态环境遥感分类数据矢量化建库的通用技术方法和流程 ,并对矢量化结果做了一个简要的评价和分析 ,以满足大面积生态环境遥感调查、分析和制图的实际需要。 相似文献
20.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,(4)
Ecological purification in a reservoir is an important strategy to control the level of nutrients in water.The bacterial community of such a reservoir is the main agent for pollutant degradation,which has not been fully documented.Taking the Jinze Reservoir,a freshwater source for Shanghai,China as the case,its spatial distributions of water and sediment bacteria were determined using 16 S rRNA gene-based Illumina MiSeq sequencing,and the environmental parameters were analyzed.The reservoir takes natural river water and functions as an ecological purification system,consisting of three functional zones,i.e.,pretreatment zone,ecological purification zone,and ecological sustaining zone.Results show that the concentrations of both total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) decreased considerably after the ecological treatment,and the concentration of dissolved oxygen(DO) in the ecological purification zone was boosted from that before pretreatment.In addition,patterns of bacterial communities in both water and sediment were similar and consisted of mainly Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Bacteroidetes.However,difference in water bacterial composition was distinct in each functional zone,whereas the bacterial communities in sediment changed only slightly among sediment samples.Network analysis revealed nonrandom co-occurrence patterns of bacterial community composition in water and sediment,and Pseudomonas,unclassified Comamonadaceae,Variovorax,and Dechloromonas were the key taxa in the co-occurrence network.The bacterial taxa from the same module of the network had strong ecological connections,participated in C-cycles,and shared common trophic properties.PICRUSt analysis showed that bacteria were involved potentially in various essential processes;and the abundance of predicted xenobiotic biodegradation genes showed a decreasing trend in water samples from the inlet to the outlet of the reservoir.These results improve our current knowledge of the spatial distribution of bacteria in water and sediment in ecological purification reservoirs. 相似文献