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1.
海山是一个地貌术语,通常分为出露于海平面以上和淹没于以下的两类。海山具有复杂的成因,可产于各种不同的构造环境,其出露的岩性主要有：洋岛玄武岩（OIB）、大洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）、弧后盆地玄武岩（BABB）、岛弧玄武岩（IAB）和大陆边缘玄武岩（CMB）等。本文的研究表明,CMB 和OIB 的地球化学性质大体相似,但是,二者的成因可能既有相似性,也存在某些差异性。OIB 产于板块内部,属于板内岩浆活动的产物,通常认为与“热点”或“地幔柱”有关;而CMB 则可能是古大陆岩石圈与年轻洋壳发生浅部再循环的结果。所以,除“热点”理论外,古大陆岩石圈和年轻洋壳的浅部再循环在海山和洋岛火山形成过程中也扮演了重要的角色。来自IAB 的样品明显亏损Nb、Ta和富集K、Pb、Cs、Rb等大离子亲石元素,表明IAB 的形成与俯冲作用有关。研究表明,全球可能存在3 种类型的热点：第一类是原生的热点,来自深部地幔;第二类是次生的热点,可能形成在地幔柱的浅部,来自超级地幔柱的上部;第三类来自上地幔,可能是大洋岩石圈伸展的产物。因此,海山的成因不可能用地幔柱一种模式予以解释,还应当考虑板块活动中其他各种因素（洋壳再循环、古老陆壳再循环、消减带物质以及水的加入,部分熔融程度、岩浆混合作用、不同地幔端元混合等）的影响。 相似文献
2.
Constancy of Nb/U in the mantle revisited 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Weidong Sun Yanhua Hu Vadim S. Kamenetsky Ming Chen 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(14):3542-3549
It has long been proposed that MORB and OIB have constant supra-primitive mantle (PM) Nb/U values identical to each other. This fact together with complementary sub-PM values for the continental crust (CC), are taken as fundamental evidence, linking the mantle sources of MORB and OIB to the formation of the CC. Given that plate subduction at convergent margins is the major known process that dramatically fractionates Nb from U, and consequently that subducted oceanic slabs are the main primary carriers of supra-PM Nb/U, a constant supra-PM Nb/U in MORB mantle implies that the mixing of subducted oceanic crust is essentially finished or the newly recycled oceanic crust has Nb/U close to that of the mantle. The similarity between Nb and U as well as the constancy of Nb/U in MORB are revisited here based on MORB glass data obtained using laser ablation ICP-MS. The result shows that Nb/U is not correlated with Nb/Hf, supporting that Nb and U are similarly incompatible. Further investigation shows that Nb is not perfectly identical to, but is faintly more incompatible than U as indicated by the good correlation between log(U) and log(Nb) with a slope of 0.954, very close to 1. Nonetheless, the similarity between Nb and U is high enough, such that the average Nb/U value of MORB glasses should be very close to that of the MORB mantle. By contrast, the difference between Ce and Pb is more obvious. Ce is more incompatible than Pb with a slope of 1.13 in a log(Pb) versus log(Ce) diagram. Therefore, the Ce/Pb of MORB should be a little bit higher than that of the mantle source. The Nb/U value is not as uniform as expected for the similar incompatibility in studied MORB glasses, but varies by a factor of ∼2, suggesting that MORB mantle source is not yet homogenized in term of Nb/U. This indicates that the mixing back of subducted oceanic crust is still an ongoing process, i.e., subducted oceanic crust is recycling back after staying in the lower mantle for billions of years. 相似文献
3.
洋底凸起地质体及其对造山带中蛇绿岩组分的贡献 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
蛇绿岩作为造山带中保存的曾经存在过的大洋或与大洋有关地质体的残留,除了部分的露头出露有完整的岩石组分之外,研究发现许多露头只出露部分的岩石组分,如只出露第1层的深海/远洋沉积物和第2层的玄武岩或绿岩,且其基性岩以MORB和OIB的地球化学特征为主,而不是SSZ型岩浆的地球化学特征。审视以前的蛇绿岩就位模型,学者们认为俯冲洋壳的洋底是平坦的;该假设与现状大洋洋底地形探测资料不吻合。大洋洋底测绘资料显示洋底可以在洋中脊处和海山/洋底高原的位置发育凸起地貌。本文根据岩石破裂的力学性质,分析了它们的破裂过程;结合中国新疆西准噶尔玛依勒地区、日本造山带和美国加州海岸山脉增生楔和蛇绿岩中岩石组合和构造属性,以及它们的就位时代和形成时代年龄差可达几十个百万年到上百个百万年,认为洋底表面的凸起地质体上段部位的岩石容易被滑脱断层错断并卷入到造山带中,而且它们比构造叠置的围岩-海沟沉积物更老。 相似文献
4.
汪洋 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2001,20(4):225-227
洋岛玄武岩 (OIB)氦同位素组成 (3 He 4 He)在地理分布上具有非均匀性特征。3 He 4 He值为 5～ 6Ra 的OIB主要分布在南半球 ,而分布于冰岛和夏威夷 (包括Loihi)等地的OIB3 He 4 He值为 10～ 35Ra。低3 He 4 He值OIB具有富集大离子亲石元素U、Th的源区 ,由于U、Th衰变释放的4He同位素的积累导致其3 He 4 He值降低。该源区的形成是俯冲作用导致深海沉积物与地幔混合 ,其地理分布受Pangea大陆周边的古俯冲带制约。高3 He 4 He值OIB的源区则是亏损U、Th的地幔胞 (mantleblob) ,该地幔胞是由极度亏损U、Th的再循环洋壳或大陆下地壳与未排气的地幔胞混合形成的。经过 1～ 2Ga的演化形成即相对亏损4He同位素而3 He 4 He值高的源区。同时 ,这种地幔胞富集难融组分 ,所以较洋中脊玄武岩 (MORB)的源区更为稳定 ,即高3 He 4 He值源区的部分熔融需要更高的地幔温度。超级地幔柱上升可以导致地幔升温和高3 He 4 He值源区的熔融。3 He 4 He值OIB地理分布的非均匀性反映出全球地幔对流系统复杂的半球非对称性格局。 相似文献
5.
“三江”古特提斯地幔热柱——洋中脊玄武岩证据 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22
“三江”特提斯巨型造山带由４条板块缝合带和夹于其间的微陆块和弧地体构成。在古特提斯洋闭合而成的澜沧江和金沙江缝合带内，均发育典型的蛇绿岩－蛇绿混杂岩和洋岛玄武岩（ＯＩＢ）组合。ＯＩＢ集中产出于大洋的特定区段（２２０－２４０Ｎ──澜沧江洋；２４０－２７０Ｎ──金沙江洋），形成于洋壳（ＭＯＲＢ）顶部，并被浅水碳酸盐岩覆盖，ＯＩＢ主要岩石类型为苦橄玄武岩、夏威夷岩和钾质粗面玄武岩，三者具特定的空间配置与时间演变规律。根据三江地区ＯＩＢ时空展布规律、岩石组合特点、岩石地球化学特征、源岩化学估算及热幔柱实验成果，提出早古生代时期的澜沧江洋和金沙江洋岩石围下方分别出现地幔热拉，其直径约２００－２５０ｋｍ，具特定的不同于周围地幔的热－化学结构。地幔热柱的尾柱区高热物质熔融，产生苦橄质或苦橄玄武质熔浆，地幔热拉上涌，其冠形头部与周围地幔“混杂”而具化学分带，该区物质熔融，产生富Ｎａ和富Ｋ质ＯＩＢ。 相似文献
6.
大陆玄武岩通常具有与洋岛玄武岩相似的地球化学成分,其中含有显著的壳源组分.对于洋岛玄武岩来说,虽然其中的壳源组分归咎于深俯冲大洋板片的再循环,但是对板片俯冲过程中的壳幔相互作用缺乏研究.对于大陆玄武岩来说,由于其形成与特定大洋板片在大陆边缘之下的俯冲有关,可以用来确定古大洋板片俯冲的地壳物质再循环.本文总结了我们对中国东部新生代玄武岩所进行的一系列地球化学研究,结果记录了古太平洋板片俯冲析出流体对地幔楔的化学交代作用.这些大陆玄武岩普遍具有与洋岛玄武岩类似的地球化学成分,在微量元素组成上表现为富集LILE和LREE、亏损HREE,但是不亏损HFSE的分布特点,在放射成因同位素组成上表现为亏损至弱富集的Sr-Nd同位素组成.在排除地壳混染效应之后,这些玄武岩的地球化学特征可以由其地幔源区中壳源组分的性质来解释.俯冲大洋地壳部分熔融产生的熔体提供了地幔源区中的壳源组分,其中包括洋壳镁铁质火成岩、海底沉积物和大陆下地壳三种组分.华北和华南新生代大陆玄武岩在Pb同位素组成上存在显著差异,反映它们地幔源区中的壳源组分有所区别.中国东部新生代玄武岩的地幔源区是古太平洋板片于中生代俯冲至亚欧大陆东部之下时,在>200 km的俯冲带深度发生壳幔相互作用的产物.在新生代期间,随着俯冲太平洋板片的回卷引起的中国东部大陆岩石圈拉张和软流圈地幔上涌,那些交代成因的地幔源区发生部分熔融,形成了现今所见的新生代玄武岩. 相似文献
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滇西双江勐库地区新发现的退变质榴辉岩呈构造透镜体产于奥陶纪湾河蛇绿混杂岩的白云母构造片岩内,勐库地区是目前云南省境内唯一退变质榴辉岩产地。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,退变质榴辉岩的SiO2含量为4722%~5040%,全碱(Na2O+K2O)含量为228%~415%,Al2O3含量为1370%~1558%,TiO2含量为139%~395%,可分为中Ti(139%~183%)和高Ti(330%~395%)两种类型。退变质榴辉岩的主要原岩是拉班玄武岩,少部分具碱性玄武岩特征。多数原岩为拉斑玄武岩的样品具TiO2含量高、Eu异常不明显及缓右倾稀土元素配分模式特征,其稀土元素配分模式和微量元素蛛网图特征均与E MORB相似而与N MORB不同,投在MORB和E MORB范围,推测其原岩很可能形成于E MORB环境;少部分原岩为碱性玄武岩的样品,其TiO2含量中等,较原岩为拉斑玄武岩样品具更高的ΣREE和ΣLREE含量,投在OIB范围,推测其原岩可能形成于OIB环境。勐库地区退变质榴辉岩样品的岩石地球化学特征与其赋存的奥陶纪湾河蛇绿岩颇为相似,暗示可能是其俯冲消减作用的产物。此外,研究样品同时具有E MORB和OIB的特征,且与青藏高原羌塘中部榴辉岩相似,表明在特提斯洋演化过程中地幔柱岩浆和正常洋中脊亏损地幔岩浆的相互作用可能是广泛存在的。 相似文献
9.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(8):929-940
Petrological and geochemical studies performed with invoking data on the compositions of clinopyroxenes have clarified the conditions of formation of Vendian-Cambrian basaltic complexes in the Dzhida zone of the Paleoasian Ocean (northern Mongolia and southwestern Transbaikalia). The research was based on a comparative analysis with reference igneous basaltic associations. Of special importance are our microprobe data on trace and rare-earth elements in clinopyroxenes from igneous rocks of different present-day geodynamic settings, namely, N-MORB (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Central Atlantic), OIB (Bouvet Island, South Atlantic), WPB (within-plate tholeiitic plateau basalts of the Siberian Platform), and boninites of ensimatic arcs (Izu-Bonin island arc, Pacific). The studies have shown that the paleo-oceanic structures in the district of the Urgol guyot formed during geodynamic processes under the impact of mantle plumes on oceanic spreading crust, which resulted in oceanic basaltic plateaus and within-plate oceanic islands. All these structures were later superposed by typical island-arc structure-lithologic associations. Formation of basalt complexes in the Dzhidot guyot district proceeded with a stronger effect of enriched plume melts of within-plate oceanic islands as compared with the Urgol guyot. This is evidenced from petrochemical and geochemical data showing the development of OIB-type magmatic systems on the oceanic basement. Data on clinopyroxenes confirm the participation of mantle plume in this process, which led to the evolution of magmas from typical oceanic basalts (MORB) to plateau basalts and OIB. 相似文献
10.
MORB 是玄武岩中研究得最详细的玄武岩类,可分为N-MORB 和E-MORB 两类。通常认为,N-MORB 和OIB 都是独立的端元,分别来自亏损和富集的地幔源岩,而E-MORB 则是N-MORB 与OIB 混合的结果。本文研究表明,E-MORB 具复杂的成因,洋脊深度、洋脊扩张速率及源区部分熔融程度及压力不是造成E-MORB 富集的主要原因。压力及部分熔融程度对玄武岩成分的影响远小于地幔不均一性的影响。推测E-MORB 可能有两个主要的形成方式：1） 由较深处略富集的地幔发生部分熔融而成;2） 由N-MORB 与OIB 混合形成。玄武岩微量元素频率直方图表明,N-MORB 基本上保持了来自亏损地幔源区的特征;OIB 则多多少少受到外来物质加入或与N-MORB 混合的影响; E-MORB 则是N-MORB 受OIB 影响的产物。OIB 与E-MORB 似乎没有本质上的区别, 仅仅是受影响和混合程度的不同而已。OIB 富集LILE,可能既有继承了来自源区的特征（深部富集地幔、循环的古洋壳、循环的陆壳、大陆岩石圈地幔、LVZ 熔体层或早期交代岩脉等）,也可能有外来物质加入的影响（与N-MORB 发生不同程度的混合作用）。3 类玄武岩的87Sr/86Sr 和143Nd/144Nd 同位素频率分布与早先的结论一致,但206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb同位素频率分布显示OIB 具有更加复杂的特征。 相似文献
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We present the first comprehensive major, trace element and Hf, Nd and Sr isotope investigation of clinopyroxene and garnet mineral separates from a set of garnet clinopyroxenite xenoliths from the Salt Lake Crater, Oahu, Hawaii. These xenoliths occur in the posterosional Honolulu Volcanics Series lavas and represent some of the deepest samples from the oceanic mantle lithosphere. Our study shows that the Salt Lake Crater pyroxenites represent high pressure (>20 kb) accumulates from melts similar (but not identical) to the erupted Honolulu Volcanics, and unlike MORB or E-MORB-type melts. All clinopyroxene-garnet mineral pairs in these xenoliths show, within error, zero-age Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systematics. These pyroxenites have relatively radiogenic Hf isotope compositions (for a given Nd) and define a distinct steep slope (3.3) in εHf-εNd isotope space, similar to the Honolulu Volcanics but unlike other ocean island basalts (OIB). These compositions require an end-member component that falls above the OIB array in Nd-Hf space. This component is different than present-day MORB-mantle and it is best explained by an old depleted oceanic lithosphere. We suggest that this depleted component most likely represents a recycled depleted lithosphere that is intrinsic to the Hawaiian plume. In this respect, the Hawaiian plume is sampling both the enriched portion of a subducted oceanic crust (basalt and sediments) as well as the depleted lithospheric portion of it. This suggests that, at least for Hawaii, the whole subducted oceanic slab package has retained its integrity during subduction and subsequent mixing and storage in the mantle, probably in the order of a billion years, and that the plume is sampling the full range of these compositions. 相似文献
13.
Geochemical fingerprinting of oceanic basalts with applications to ophiolite classification and the search for Archean oceanic crust 总被引：61，自引：0，他引：61
Two geochemical proxies are particularly important for the identification and classification of oceanic basalts: the Th–Nb proxy for crustal input and hence for demonstrating an oceanic, non-subduction setting; and the Ti–Yb proxy for melting depth and hence for indicating mantle temperature and thickness of the conductive lithosphere. For the Th–Nb proxy, a Th/Yb–Nb/Yb projection demonstrates that almost all oceanic basalts lie within a diagonal MORB–OIB array with a principal axis of dispersion along the array. However, basalts erupted at continental margins and in subduction zones are commonly displaced above the MORB–OIB array and/or belong to suites with principal dispersion axes which are oblique to the array. Modelling of magma–crust interaction quantifies the sensitivity of the Th–Nb proxy to process and to magma and crustal compositions. For the Ti–Yb proxy, the equivalent Ti/Yb–Nb/Yb projection features a discriminant boundary between low Ti/Yb MORB and high Ti/Yb OIB that runs almost parallel to the Nb/Yb axis, reflecting the fact that OIB originate by melting beneath thicker lithosphere and hence by less melting and with residual garnet. In the case of volcanic-rifted margins and oceanic plume–ridge interactions (PRI), where hot mantle flows toward progressively thinner lithosphere (often becoming more depleted in the process), basalts follow diagonal trends from the OIB to the MORB field. Modelling of mantle melting quantifies the sensitivity of the Ti–Nb proxy to mantle potential temperature and lithospheric thickness and hence defines the petrogenetic basis by which magmas plot in the OIB or MORB fields. Oceanic plateau basalts lie mostly in the centre of the MORB part of that field, reflecting a high degree of melting of fertile mantle. Application of the proxies to some examples of MORB ophiolites helps them to be further classified as C (contaminated)-MORB, N (normal)-MORB, E (enriched)-MORB and P (plume)-MORB ophiolites, which may add a useful dimension to ophiolite classification. In the Archean, the hotter magmas, higher crustal geotherms and higher Th contents of contaminants all result in widespread crustal input that is easy to detect geochemically with the Th–Nb proxy. Application of this proxy to Archean greenstones demonstrates that almost all exhibit a crustal component even when reputedly oceanic. This indicates, either that some interpretations need to be re-examined or that intra-oceanic crustal input is important in the Archean making the proxy less effective in distinguishing oceanic from continental settings. The Ti–Yb proxy is not effective for fingerprinting Archean settings because higher mantle potential temperatures mean that lithospheric thickness is no longer the critical variable in determining the presence or absence of residual garnet. 相似文献
14.
蛇绿岩记录了大洋岩石圈形成、演化、消亡的全过程,是刻画区域板块构造和洋 陆格局演化的关键证据。本文通过系统梳理前人相关研究,总结西准噶尔蛇绿岩最新研究成果,探讨大陆地壳增生方式、恢复古大洋演化历史,从而对西准噶尔构造体制转化提供新制约。西准噶尔地区发育多条震旦纪—石炭纪被构造肢解的蛇绿岩带,具有典型的岩块 基质结构,绝大多数蛇绿岩包括正常洋壳组分和海山/大洋高原残片,其中基性岩具有MORB和OIB的地球化学特征。基于前人研究,本文认为在西准噶尔古大洋发育过程中,发育不同时代与地幔柱有关的海山/大洋高原,同时存在增生型和侵蚀型两类汇聚板块边界。另外,大洋高原增生不仅是大陆地壳增生的有效途径之一,还可能诱发俯冲极性反转和传递。而在大洋高原形成初期,还可能存在地幔柱诱发俯冲起始机制。 相似文献
15.
内蒙古温都尔庙和巴彦敖包-交其尔蛇绿岩的元素与同位素地球化学：对古亚洲洋东部地幔域特征的限制 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
内蒙古中部发育的三条蛇绿岩带是华北板块和西伯利亚板块之间的缝合带。本文系统研究了其中的温都尔庙和巴彦敖包-交其尔两个蛇绿岩带中变质玄武岩的元素和 Sr、Nd、Pb 同位素地球化学。苏右旗温都尔庙碱性玄武岩为轻稀土富集型;岩石具有板内和大陆裂谷区玄武岩的特征,可能代表了600Ma 左右,温都尔庙地区开始发育的新洋盆。采自苏左旗的巴彦敖包-交其尔玄武岩分为两类,一类呈现轻稀土富集型,呈洋岛玄武岩特征;另一类具有明显的 Nb、Ta 负异常,显示大洋岛弧玄武岩特征,洋岛玄武岩的存在表明古亚洲洋曾经发育洋盆,大洋岛弧玄武岩的存在表明古亚洲洋内部有大洋岩石圈之间的俯冲。将本文的古亚洲洋洋岛玄武岩与中国西南地区的特提斯洋岛玄武岩进行系统的元素和同位素地球化学特征对比表明,古亚洲洋的洋岛玄武岩显示高 U/Pb(HU)和北大西洋和太平洋省的特征,而特提斯洋岛玄武岩属于印度洋省。这些说明古亚洲洋地幔域与特提斯地幔域是两个独立的构造域,它们代表了长期演化的两个不同的地幔地球化学域。 相似文献
16.
Role of the subducted slab,mantle wedge and continental crust in the generation of adakites from the Andean Austral Volcanic Zone 总被引：78，自引：2，他引：78
All six Holocene volcanic centers of the Andean Austral Volcanic Zone (AVZ; 49–54°S) have erupted exclusively adakitic andesites
and dacites characterized by low Yb and Y concentrations and high Sr/Y ratios, suggesting a source with residual garnet, amphibole
and pyroxene, but little or no olivine and plagioclase. Melting of mafic lower crust may be the source for adakites in some
arcs, but such a source is inconsistent with the high Mg# of AVZ adakites. Also, the AVZ occurs in a region of relatively
thin crust (<35 km) within which plagioclase rather than garnet is stable. The source for AVZ adakites is more likely to be
subducted oceanic basalt, recrystallized to garnet-amphibolite or eclogite. Geothermal models indicate that partial melting
of the subducted oceanic crust is probable below the Austral Andes due to the slow subduction rate (2 cm/year) and the young
age (<24 Ma) of the subducted oceanic lithosphere. Geochemical models for AVZ adakites are also consistent with a large material
contribution from subducted oceanic crust (35–90% slab-derived mass), including sediment (up to 4% sediment-derived mass,
representing approximately 15% of all sediment subducted). Variable isotopic and trace-element ratios observed for AVZ adakites,
which span the range reported for adakites world-wide, require multistage models involving melting of different proportions
of subducted basalt and sediment, as well as an important material contribution from both the overlying mantle wedge (10–50%
mass contribution) and continental crust (0–30% mass contribution). Andesites from Cook Island volcano, located in the southernmost
AVZ (54°S) where subduction is more oblique, have MORB-like Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotopic composition and trace-element ratios.
These can be modeled by small degrees (2–4%) of partial melting of eclogitic MORB, yielding a tonalitic parent (intermediate
SiO2, CaO/Na2O>1), followed by limited interaction of this melt with the overlying mantle (≥90% MORB melt, ≤10% mantle), but only very
little (≤1%) or no participation of either subducted sediment or crust. In contrast, models for the magmatic evolution of
Burney (52°S), Reclus (51°S) and northernmost AVZ (49–50°S) andesites and dacites require melting of a mixture of MORB and
subducted sediment, followed by interaction of this melt not only with the overlying mantle, but the crust as well. Crustal
assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) processes and the mass contribution from the crust become more significant
northwards in the AVZ as the angle of convergence becomes more orthogonal.
Received: 1 March 1995 / Accepted: 13 September 1995 相似文献
17.
活动陆缘玄武岩（CAB）主要出现在安第斯,早先大多认为CAB 大体相当于IAB,在许多判别图中, CAB 基本上与IAB 在一起, 只是LILE 富集和HFSE 亏损的程度略有差别而已。本文的研究表明,尽管CAB 富集LILE,但是,Nb-Ta 亏损不是非常明显。在最新的采用大数据方法厘定的判别图中,CAB 不同于IAB,不是落在IAB 区,而是位于IAB 与OIB 的过渡区域。CAB 中保留了很多OIB 的印记,说明板块俯冲时伴随有来自地幔深部的岩浆的加入,故CAB 中保留了OIB 的印记。我们的研究还发现, 在安第斯弧后盆地玄武岩具有OIB 的印记,而非MORB 的特征。本文按照大数据的思路,讨论了CAB 的特征,并与IAB、BAB 进行了初步的对比。研究表明,CAB 明显不同于IAB,CAB 兼具IAB 和OIB 的特征,但对其深度的认识还有待于今后进一步的研究。 相似文献
18.
地幔氧逸度与俯冲带深部碳循环 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
地幔氧逸度通过改变含碳相的存在形式和迁移方式来影响深部碳循环。本文结合最新的地幔氧逸度实验模拟和岩石学研究成果,探讨了地幔氧逸度时空分布对深部碳循环的影响。文章重点结合地幔减压熔融形成洋壳、新生洋壳蚀变、洋壳俯冲变质、深俯冲洋壳熔融以及俯冲洋壳物质(流体和固体)通过岩浆(岛弧和地幔柱)作用循环出地表等重要地质过程,探讨了伴随洋壳俯冲作用的深部碳循环过程。由于地幔氧逸度的时空变化,俯冲带含碳相表现出不同的存在形式和迁移能力。通过对西南天山俯冲带碳循环的岩石学和实验研究,我们认为应当进一步深入研究俯冲带氧化还原状态及其对俯冲带深部碳循环的影响。 相似文献
19.
Jean H.Bédard 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,(1)
The lower plate is the dominant agent in modern convergent margins characterized by active subduction,as negatively buoyant oceanic lithosphere sinks into the asthenosphere under its own weight.This is a strong plate-driving force because the slab-pull force is transmitted through the stiff sub-oceanic lithospheric mantle.As geological and geochemical data seem inconsistent with the existence of modernstyle ridges and arcs in the Archaean,a periodically-destabilized stagnant-lid crust system is proposed instead.Stagnant-lid intervals may correspond to periods of layered mantle convection where efficient cooling was restricted to the upper mantle,perturbing Earth's heat generation/loss balance,eventually triggering mantle overturns.Archaean basalts were derived from fertile mantle in overturn upwelling zones(OUZOs),which were larger and longer-lived than post-Archaean plumes.Early cratons/continents probably formed above OUZOs as large volumes of basalt and komatiite were delivered for protracted periods,allowing basal crustal cannibalism,garnetiferous crustal restite delamination,and coupled development of continental crust and sub-continental lithospheric mantle.Periodic mixing and rehomogenization during overturns retarded development of isotopically depleted MORB(mid-ocean ridge basalt)mantle.Only after the start of true subduction did sequestration of subducted slabs at the coremantle boundary lead to the development of the depleted MORB mantle source.During Archaean mantle overturns,pre-existing continents located above OUZOs would be strongly reworked;whereas OUZOdistal continents would drift in response to mantle currents.The leading edge of drifting Archaean continents would be convergent margins characterized by terrane accretion,imbrication,subcretion and anatexis of unsubductable oceanic lithosphere.As Earth cooled and the background oceanic lithosphere became denser and stiffer,there would be an increasing probability that oceanic crustal segments could founder in an organized way,producing a gradual evolution of pre-subduction convergent margins into modern-style active subduction systems around 2.5 Ga.Plate tectonics today is constituted of:(1)a continental drift system that started in the Early Archaean,driven by deep mantle currents pressing against the Archaean-age sub-continental lithospheric mantle keels that underlie Archaean cratons;(2)a subduction-driven system that started near the end of the Archaean. 相似文献
20.
Cao Xiaobin Bao Huiming Gao Caihong Liu Yun Huang Fang Peng Yongbo Zhang Yining 《中国地球化学学报》2019,38(3):327-334
Understanding the origin of ocean island basalts (OIB) has important bearings on Earth’s deep mantle. Although it is widely accepted that subducted oceanic crust, as a consequence of plate tectonics, contributes material to OIB’s formation, its exact fraction in OIB’s mantle source remains ambiguous largely due to uncertainties associated with existing geochemical proxies. Here we show, through theoretical calculation, that unlike many known proxies, triple oxygen isotope compositions (i.e. Δ17O) in olivine samples are not affected by crystallization and partial melting. This unique feature, therefore, allows olivine Δ17O values to identify subducted oceanic crusts in OIB’s mantle source. Furthermore, the fractions of subducted ocean sediments and hydrothermally altered oceanic crust in OIB’s mantle source can be quantified using their characteristic Δ17O values. Based on published Δ17O data, we estimated the fraction of subducted oceanic crust to be as high as 22.3% in certain OIB, but the affected region in the respective mantle plume is likely to be limited.
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