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1.
以岭北稀土矿区植被退化的环境为研究背景,数据选择1990、1999、2008、2013四年30 m分辨率LandsatTM数据,利用像元二分模型估算研究区植被覆盖度;利用DEM数据获取研究区的坡度及坡向地形因子,并对不同地形因子进行定量评价。分析定南县岭北矿区植被覆盖度与不同地形因子条件的相关性,及不同地形因子条件下植被覆盖的分布特点。研究结果表明:植被覆盖度受高程、坡度影响较大,其中在高程400 m到500 m,坡度6°~15°区域内植被覆盖度较其他区域高,坡向影响主要表现在阳坡阴坡上,阴坡植被覆盖度普遍比阳坡高。研究结果能够快速、客观地反映稀土矿区植被的状况,为南方稀土矿区环境的治理和监测提供有效科学依据。 相似文献
2.
黄土区滑坡研究中地形因子的选取与适宜性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄土高原是中国生态较为脆弱的地区,也是滑坡发育的地层之一。黄土滑坡发育是孕灾环境、致灾因子和承灾体等多种因素联合作用的结果,其中作为重要孕灾环境因素的地形因子的选取是黄土滑坡风险研究的基础。本文选取黄土滑坡灾害多发的甘谷县作为研究区,综合利用敏感性指数、确定性系数和相关系数方法进行地形因子在滑坡灾害研究中的适宜性分析,得出以下结论：基于确定性系数法、敏感性分析模型和相关系数法,最终筛选出适宜于本区域滑坡灾害评价的地形因子为：坡度、坡度变率、坡形和地表粗糙度;确定性系数法、敏感性分析模型都基于分析单一因子与滑坡之间的关系进行致灾因子选取,忽视地形因子之间的相关性。实验结果表明,研究区稳定性较差的区域与已发生滑坡灾害分布数量具有较好的对应关系,并深入分析了滑坡与地形因子分级范围的关系,发现地形因子分级范围对地质灾害风险研究具有重要的影响,是导致部分区域的差异性主要原因之一。实地调查发现,河网切割密度及人类工程活动也对研究区危险性具有重要的控制作用,是重要的地形因素。 相似文献
3.
地形地貌是岩性解译的重要信息,地形因子作为描述DEM数字曲面几何特征的定量指标参数,可用来定量化表达不同岩性所在地区地形地貌特征。本文以桂林-阳朔地区为研究区,研究地形因子数学、地质意义,建立岩性与地形因子组合间的定量关联,进而实现岩石类型划分。本文基于ASTERGDEM提取坡度、起伏度等12个地形因子,在分析各个地形因子地质意义基础上,通过聚类分析及方差分析的多元统计分析方法,研究各岩性地形因子特性及其关联性,建立研究区岩性之间的定量差异;此外,利用因子分析方法研究岩性分类过程中的主导因素,确定适宜岩性分类方法以实现定量化岩性分类。实验结果表明：不同岩性、不同地形地貌的地形因子（组合）之间具有显著差异,基于因子分析得到的宏观地形复杂度指数（MTI）以及微观曲率指数（MCI）对岩石类型的分类精度达77.36%。研究表明,地形复杂度等地形因子可用于岩性分类,采用因子分析方法可获取反映地形地貌宏观、微观特征的定量指标,且岩性分类效果良好。 相似文献
4.
目前,ICESat/GLAS是大尺度SRTM DEM精度评价的主要数据源。然而,现有的精度评价方法均忽略了2组数据的有效配准。为此,本文分析了数据配准前、后SRTM DEM整体精度差异,以及不同地形因子和土地利用类型对SRTM DEM影响程度。在此基础上,充分考虑SRTM DEM精度影响因素,分别借助多元线性回归（MLR）、后向传播神经网络（BPNN）、广义回归神经网络（GRNN）以及随机森林（RF）对SRTM DEM修正。结果分析表明：配准前,ICESat/GLAS与SRTM DEM沿x、y方向的平均水平位移分别为-17.588 m、-29.343 m,高程方向系统偏差为-2.107 m;配准后,SRTM DEM的系统误差基本消除,而且中误差降低了14.4%。配准前,坡向与SRTM DEM误差呈正弦函数关系,配准后这种关系基本消失。SRTM DEM误差均随地形起伏度、坡度、高程的增加呈增大趋势; 6种土地利用类型中,SRTM DEM在林地误差最大,未利用土地误差最小。对配准后SRTM DEM修正表明,RF效果最优,其中误差分别比MLR、BPNN、GRNN降低了3.1%、2.7%、11.3%。 相似文献
5.
基于DEM纹理特征的月貌自动识别方法探究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
月海和月陆是两种最主要的月貌单元,对于月海及月陆快速准确地识别是进行各项月球研究的重要基础。目前,月海和月陆的识别大多采用DEM结合其派生地形因子建立指标体系的方法。这种方法虽然可在宏观尺度对月海和月陆进行识别和提取,但仍存在2个问题：（1）可扩展性差,不同地区难以共用同一套地形因子构建指标体系;（2）指标体系中各因子权重设置具有较大的主观性。针对以上问题,本文以“嫦娥一号”探测器获取的全月球DEM数据,从月表地形纹理特征的角度出发,提出一种以月表DEM数据识别月海、月陆的自动快速的方法。首先,利用灰度共生矩阵模型,以DEM数据为基础,实现对典型月海、月陆地形纹理特征的量化,然后,对量化指标的筛选,构建能有效区分两类月表形貌单元的特征向量。在此基础上,选用离差平方和作为识别器,最终实现对月海和月陆的自动识别。本文识别方法的整体识别率达到85.7%;综上可知,该方法既能克服原有方法中因子权重设置的主观性,又具有较好的通用性。 相似文献
6.
面向地形特征的DEM与影像纹理差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
纹理分析方法在宏观地形特征分析方面具有较大的优势与潜力,但当前缺少对DEM与影像数据纹理特征差异的系统分析研究.本文采用灰度共生矩阵为纹理量化模型,选取了8个不同地貌单元的样本数据,对DEM和遥感影像2类数据的纹理进行了特征值对比分析,纹理特征稳定性分析,纹理特征组间差异性分析.实验结果表明,在所测试的二阶角矩,对比度,方差,熵4个纹理指标中,DEM和影像的对比度特征值间具有显著的相关性;通过不同地貌样区纹理特征值对比分析发现,DEM数据在地形起伏较大区域纹理特征更为明显,遥感影像数据则受地表覆盖物影响较大;从地形特征的稳定性角度分析,DEM数据在丘陵和山地分析有优势,影像数据则在平原和台地分析表现更好;从地形特征差异性角度分析,DEM数据要优于影像数据.进一步采用光照模拟和坡度数据以增加DEM纹理信息,研究结果表明,DEM派生的2类数据在地形量化差异性方面改进明显,并大大优于影像数据. 相似文献
7.
为解决基于机器学习的滑坡易发性建模存在的单模型分类能力弱和传统随机抽取非滑坡样本准确性不高的问题，本研究以三峡库区奉节县为例，应用优化的非滑坡样本和Stacking异质集成机器学习模型进行滑坡易发性建模研究。首先，基于地形、地质和遥感影像等数据提取16个评价指标并进行相关性分析，剔除高相关指标，构建易发性评价指标体系；其次，基于信息量模型提出非滑坡样本选取（Non-Landslide Sampling, NLS）指数；最后，应用NLS指数选取更高质量的非滑坡样本，并与滑坡样本组成训练集；采用随机森林(Random Forest, RF)，轻量级梯度提升树（Light Gradient Boosting Machine, LGBM），梯度提升决策树（Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, GBDT），以及以三者为基模型的同质（Boosting）和异质（Stacking）集成方法进行易发性建模。结果表明：应用NLS指数能选取得到质量更高的非滑坡样本，提升了易发性建模精度；Stacking异质集成机器学习模型的精度最高，为0.941，优于3个同质集成模型和3个单模型... 相似文献
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定量的估算非光合植被覆盖度（Fractional Cover of Non-photosynthetic Vegetation, fNPV）对草原生态系统碳储存、植被生产力、土壤侵蚀和火灾监测均具有重要的意义。本文以锡林郭勒草原实测高光谱和样方盖度为数据源,利用NPV（Non-Photosynthetic Vegetation）、PV（Photosynthetic Vegetation）、BS（Bare Soil）的平均光谱通过线性光谱混合模型模拟得到混合场景光谱,寻找区分NPV/PV/BS的敏感性波段,然后分别评价不同多光谱指数与fNPV的相关性。最后利用野外混合场景实验验证光谱指数估算fNPV的有效性。在此基础上,探讨基于OLI数据的NDVI（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index）-DFI（Dead Fuel Index）特征空间是否满足三元线性混合模型的基本假设。结果表明：短波红外（SWIR）波段是区分NPV/PV/BS的敏感性波段,以此为基础构建的OLI-DFI指数具备有效区分NPV/PV/BS的潜力。在模拟混合场景条件下,OLI-DFI和MODIS-DFI指数均与fNPV呈显著相关,决定性系数R2分别为0.84和0.94,均方根误差RMSE分别为0.09和0.05,而NDI和NDSVI指数与fNPV相关性很低。与模拟混合场景相比,在野外混合场景下OLI-DFI和MODIS-DFI指数估算fNPV的有效性均有一定程度的降低,R2分别为0.65和0.75,RMSE分别为0.14和0.12。基于OLI数据构建的NDVI-DFI特征空间满足三元线性混合模型的基本假设,可有效的估算fNPV。 相似文献
9.
地形湿度指数可定量模拟流域内土壤水分的干湿状况,是静态土壤含水量的最常用指标,具有明确的物理意义。但是,由于DEM本身的结构特点,其提取的地形湿度指数具有尺度依赖性。本文主要探讨因DEM水平分辨率不同而导致的DEM栅格单元异质性,对地形湿度指数提取的影响。以厦门市地貌类型比较复杂的西源溪流域为实验区,使用1 ∶1万等高线生成的2.5m和20m分辨率DEM数据,分别提取地形湿度指数并计算栅格单元地形异质性指数,分析DEM栅格单元异质性指数与地形湿度指数之间的关系。研究表明,基于高程标准差、地势起伏度、景观破碎度和多样性的栅格单元异质性指数与地形湿度指数偏差之间均存在显著的负相关性,这4个异质性指数对地形湿度指数差值的对数回归模拟效果良好且显著有效。这对低分辨率DEM提取地形湿度指数的误差纠正,以及描述区域土壤含水量等地形湿度指数的应用研究具有积极意义。 相似文献
10.
基于灰度共生矩阵的DEM地形纹理特征量化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
DEM的地形纹理以其表达地形表面的纯粹性与分析数据的可派生性受到越来越多关注。本文选取陕西省10个不同地貌类型区的25m分辨率DEM数据,引入空间灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)对地形表面纹理特征进行定量分析。研究表明,25m分辨率DEM数据的GLCM模型适宜分析间距是大于等于3个栅格大小。各纹理参数中,相关度可用于地形纹理的方向性量化;方差、差的方差、对比度可用于对地形纹理的周期性分析;熵、二阶角矩、逆差矩可用于对地形纹理的复杂性分析。在DEM及其派生数据中,光照模拟数据计算的各纹理参数的平均变异系数最高,表明光照模拟数据最适合于地形纹理特征的量化研究。同时本文提出了一种多参数综合的地形纹理量化方法,通过运用综合周期性和综合复杂性两个指标对不同地形区量化分析,结果表明,这两个指标对不同地形形态响应显著,可用于地形形态分类与识别研究。 相似文献
11.
基于信息量模型和数据标准化的滑坡易发性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以北川曲山-擂鼓片区为研究区,将坡度、坡向、高程、地层、距断层的距离、距水系的距离和距道路的距离作为该区域滑坡易发性评价因子。采用信息量模型计算了各项评价因子的信息量值,并运用4种标准化模型对信息量值进行标准化处理。各评价因子的权重由层次分析法（AHP）确定。在GIS中将权重值和各评价因子的标准化信息量值,进行叠加计算得到区域滑坡总信息量值,并基于自然断点法对其进行重分类,将研究区划分为极高易发区、高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和极低易发区5级易发区。将基于4种标准化模型和信息量模型得到的滑坡易发性评价结果进行了对比分析,结果表明：基于最值标准化信息量模型的滑坡易发性评价结果的ROC曲线下面积AUC值为0.807,高于其余模型的AUC值,说明最值标准化信息量模型的滑坡易发性评价效果最好。极高易发区面积占研究区面积的20.03%,离断层和水系较近,主要分布地层为寒武系、志留系和三迭系。研究结果可为区内滑坡风险评价和灾害防治提供参考。 相似文献
12.
Bailongjiang watershed in southern Gansu province, China, is one of the most landslide-prone regions in China, characterized by very high frequency of landslide occurrence. In order to predict the landslide occurrence, a comprehensive map of landslide susceptibility is required which may be significantly helpful in reducing loss of property and human life. In this study, an integrated model of information value method and logistic regression is proposed by using their merits at maximum and overcoming their weaknesses, which may enhance precision and accuracy of landslide susceptibility assessment. A detailed and reliable landslide inventory with 1587 landslides was prepared and randomly divided into two groups, (i) training dataset and (ii) testing dataset. Eight distinct landslide conditioning factors including lithology, slope gradient, aspect, elevation, distance to drainages, distance to faults, distance to roads and vegetation coverage were selected for landslide susceptibility mapping. The produced landslide susceptibility maps were validated by the success rate and prediction rate curves. The validation results show that the success rate and the prediction rate of the integrated model are 81.7 % and 84.6 %, respectively, which indicate that the proposed integrated method is reliable to produce an accurate landslide susceptibility map and the results may be used for landslides management and mitigation. 相似文献
13.
In this study, a novel approach of the landslide numerical risk factor(LNRF) bivariate model was used in ensemble with linear multivariate regression(LMR) and boosted regression tree(BRT) models, coupled with radar remote sensing data and geographic information system(GIS), for landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM) in the Gorganroud watershed, Iran. Fifteen topographic, hydrological, geological and environmental conditioning factors and a landslide inventory(70%, or 298 landslides) were used in mapping. Phased array-type L-band synthetic aperture radar data were used to extract topographic parameters. Coefficients of tolerance and variance inflation factor were used to determine the coherence among conditioning factors. Data for the landslide inventory map were obtained from various resources, such as Iranian Landslide Working Party(ILWP), Forestry, Rangeland and Watershed Organisation(FRWO), extensive field surveys, interpretation of aerial photos and satellite images, and radar data. Of the total data, 30% were used to validate LSMs, using area under the curve(AUC), frequency ratio(FR) and seed cell area index(SCAI).Normalised difference vegetation index, land use/land cover and slope degree in BRT model elevation, rainfall and distance from stream were found to be important factors and were given the highest weightage in modelling. Validation results using AUC showed that the ensemble LNRF-BRT and LNRFLMR models(AUC = 0.912(91.2%) and 0.907(90.7%), respectively) had high predictive accuracy than the LNRF model alone(AUC = 0.855(85.5%)). The FR and SCAI analyses showed that all models divided the parameter classes with high precision. Overall, our novel approach of combining multivariate and machine learning methods with bivariate models, radar remote sensing data and GIS proved to be a powerful tool for landslide susceptibility mapping. 相似文献
14.
区域滑坡易发性评价对滑坡灾害防治具有重要意义，贵州省思南县由于其特殊的自然地理和地质条件，受滑坡地质灾害的影响非常严重，因此，非常有必要对思南县的滑坡易发性进行评价。在滑坡编录的基础上，采用由RS、GIS和GPS组成的3S技术，获取了思南县的数字高程模型、坡度、坡向、剖面曲率、坡长、岩土类型、地表湿度指数、距离水系的距离、植被覆盖度和地表建筑物指数10个滑坡影响因子；再在频率比和相关性分析的基础上，利用逻辑回归模型对思南县的滑坡易发性进行了评价并绘制了易发性分布图。结果表明:利用逻辑回归模型预测思南县滑坡易发性的准确率(AUC值)达到0.797，较为准确地预测出了思南县滑坡分布规律；极高和高滑坡易发区主要分布在高程低于600 m、地表坡度较大且以软质岩类为主的区域；而极低和低滑坡易发区主要分布在高程较高、地表坡度较小且以硬质岩类为主的区域。 相似文献
15.
滑坡灾害成因机理复杂、影响因素众多,深度学习作为当前人工智能领域的热点,能够更好地模拟滑坡灾害的形成并准确预测潜在的斜坡。为了挖掘深度学习在滑坡易发性的应用潜能,本文构建了一维、二维和三维的滑坡数据表达形式,并提出3种基于卷积神经网络模型（Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN）的滑坡易发性分析处理框架：基于CNN分类器、基于CNN与逻辑回归的融合和基于CNN集成,最后以江西省铅山县为研究对象进行验证,结果表明：所有基于CNN的易发性模型都能够获得准确且可靠的滑坡易发性分析结果。其中,基于二维数据的CNN模型在所有单分类器中预测精度最高,为78.95%。此外,二维CNN特征提取能够显著提升逻辑回归的预测精度,其准确率提升7.9%。最后,异质集成策略能够大幅度提升基于CNN分类器的滑坡预测精度,其准确率提升4.35%~8.78%。 相似文献
16.
The loess area in the northern part of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, China is a region with frequently landslide occurrences. The main aim of this study is to quantitatively predict the extent of landslides using the index of entropy model(IOE), the support vector machine model(SVM) and two hybrid models namely the F-IOE model and the F-SVM model constructed by fractal dimension. First, a total of 179 landslides were identified and landslide inventory map was produced, with 70%(125) of the landslides which was optimized by 10-fold crossvalidation being used for training purpose and the remaining 30%(54) of landslides being used for validation purpose. Subsequently, slope angle, slope aspect, altitude, rainfall, plan curvature, distance to rivers, land use, distance to roads, distance to faults, normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), lithology, and profile curvature were considered as landslide conditioning factors and all factor layers were resampled to a uniform resolution. Then the information gain ratio of each conditioning factors was evaluated. Next, the fractal dimension for each conditioning factors was calculated and the training dataset was used to build four landslide susceptibility models. In the end, the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves and three statistical indexes involving positive predictive rate(PPR), negative predictive rate(NPR) and accuracy(ACC) were applied to validate and compare the performance of these four models. The results showed that the F-SVM model had the highest PPR, NPR, ACC and AUC values for training and validation datasets, respectively, followed by the F-IOE model.Finally, it is concluded that the F-SVM model performed best in all models, the hybrid model built by fractal dimension has advantages than original model, and can provide reference for local landslide prevention and decision making. 相似文献
17.
Investigation on landslide phenomenon is necessary for understanding and delineating the landslide prone and safer places for different land use practices. On this basis, a new model known as genetic algorithm for the rule set production was applied in order to assess its efficacy to obtain a better result and a more precise landslide susceptibility map in Klijanerestagh area of Iran. This study considered twelve landslide conditioning factors (LCF) like altitude, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), distance from rivers, faults, and roads, land use/cover, and lithology. For modeling purpose, the Genetic Algorithm for the Rule Set Production (GARP) algorithm was applied in order to produce the landslide susceptibility map. Finally, to evaluate the efficacy of the GARP model, receiver operating characteristics curve as well as the Kappa index were employed. Based on these indices, the GARP model predicted the probability of future landslide incidences with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC) values of 0.932, and 0.907 for training and validating datasets, respectively. In addition, Kappa values for the training and validating datasets were computed as 0.775, and 0.716, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the GARP algorithm can be a new but effective method for generating landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs). Furthermore, higher contribution of the lithology, distance from roads, and distance from faults was observed, while lower contribution was attributed to soil, profile curvature, and TWI factors. The introduced methodology in this paper can be suggested for other areas with similar topographical and hydrogeological characteristics for land use planning and reducing the landslide damages. 相似文献
18.
《山地科学学报》2015,(4)
A detailed landslide susceptibility map was produced in the Youfang catchment using logistic regression method with datasets developed for a geographic information system(GIS).Known as one of the most landslide-prone areas in China, the Youfang catchment of Longnan mountain region,which lies in the transitional area among QinghaiTibet Plateau, loess Plateau and Sichuan Basin, was selected as a representative case to evaluate the frequency and distribution of landslides.Statistical relationships for landslide susceptibility assessment were developed using landslide and landslide causative factor databases.Logistic regression(LR)was used to create the landslide susceptibility maps based on a series of available data sources: landslide inventory; distance to drainage systems, faults and roads; slope angle and aspect; topographic elevation and topographical wetness index, and land use.The quality of the landslide susceptibility map produced in this paper was validated and the result can be used fordesigning protective and mitigation measures against landslide hazards.The landslide susceptibility map is expected to provide a fundamental tool for landslide hazards assessment and risk management in the Youfang catchment. 相似文献
19.
Murat Ercanoglu Gülseren Dağdelenler Erman Özsayin Tolga Alkevlı Harun Sönmez N. Nur Özyurt Burcu Kahraman İbrahim Uçar Sinem Çetınkaya 《山地科学学报》2016,13(11):1923-1940
Landslide database construction is one of the most crucial stages of the landslide susceptibility mapping studies. Although there are many techniques for preparing landslide database in the literature, representative data selection from huge data sets is a challenging, and, to some extent, a subjective task. Thus, in order to produce reliable landslide susceptibility maps, data-driven, objective and representative database construction is a very important stage for these maps. This study mainly focuses on a landslide database construction task. In this study, it was aimed at building a representative landslide database extraction approach by using Chebyshev theorem to evaluate landslide susceptibility in a landslide prone area in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. The study area was divided into two different parts such as training (Basin 1) and testing areas (Basin 2). A total of nine parameters such as topographical elevation, slope, aspect, planar and profile curvatures, stream power index, distance to drainage, normalized difference vegetation index and topographical wetness index were used in the study. Next, frequency distributions of the considered parameters in both landslide and nonlandslide areas were extracted using different sampling strategies, and a total of nine different landslide databases were obtained. Of these, eight databases were gathered by the methodology proposed by this study based on different standard deviations and algebraic multiplication of raster parameter maps. To evaluate landslide susceptibility, Artificial Neural Network method was used in the study area considering the different landslide and nonlandslide data. Finally, to assess the performances of the so-produced landslide susceptibility maps based on nine data sets, Area Under Curve (AUC) approach was implemented both in Basin 1 and Basin 2. The best performances (the greatest AUC values) were gathered by the landslide susceptibility map produced by two standard deviation database extracted by the Chebyshev theorem, as 0.873 and 0.761, respectively. Results revealed that the methodology proposed by this study is a powerful and objective approach in landslide susceptibility mapping. 相似文献
20.
本文以山西省霍西煤矿区为研究区,利用遥感和GIS方法对滑坡灾害的敏感性进行了数值建模与定量评价。利用交叉检验方法构建了径向基核函数支持向量机滑坡敏感性评价模型,并基于拟合精度对模型进行了定量评价;对各评价因子在模型中的重要性进行对比分析;基于空间分辨率为30m的评价因子,通过径向基核函数支持向量机模型获得了霍西煤矿区滑坡敏感性指数值,并利用分位数法将霍西煤矿区的滑坡敏感性分为极高、高、中和低4个等级。结果表明：拟合精度建模阶段和验证阶段分别为87.22%和70.12%;与滑坡敏感性关系最密切的5个评价因子依次是岩性、距道路距离、坡向、高程和土地利用类型;极高和高敏感区域分布了93.49%的滑坡点,面积占总面积的50.99%,是比较合理的分级方案。本研究不仅可以为研究区人工边坡调查和煤矿资源合理开采提供借鉴,对相似矿区的相关工作也具有参考价值。 相似文献