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1.
江南古陆中元古代地层的划分与对比 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
江南古陆是扬子板块与华夏板块长期活动拼贴而成,构造极为复杂,地层的划分与对比也是众说纷纭。通过对江南古陆的变质岩的研究,认为江南古陆大地构造可划分三个Ⅰ级构造地层区：扬子地层区、江南古陆地层区及华夏地层区。江南古陆地层区又可进一步划分Ⅱ级构造地层区5个（宜丰-景德镇-歙县构造地层分区、万年构造地层分区、赣东北构造地层分区、怀玉构造地层分区及丰城-鹰潭-龙游构造地层分区）;各构造地层分区之间以构造（蛇绿）混杂岩亚带或韧性剪切带相拼接。双桥山群及周潭岩群仅分别分布在扬子地层区修水-祁门分区及华夏地层区北武夷地层分区内,而且是一套史密斯地层。而江南古陆内则发育非史密斯地层。 相似文献
2.
Sergey Fomel 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(5):1246-1255
In certain seismic data processing and interpretation tasks such as spiking deconvolution, tuning analysis, impedance inversion, and spectral decomposition, it is commonly assumed that the vertical direction is normal to reflectors. This assumption is false in the case of dipping layers and may therefore lead to inaccurate results. To overcome this limitation, we propose a coordinate system in which geometry follows the shape of each reflector and the vertical direction corresponds to normal reflectivity. We call this coordinate system stratigraphic coordinates. We develop a constructive algorithm that transfers seismic images into the stratigraphic coordinate system. The algorithm consists of two steps. First, local slopes of seismic events are estimated by plane‐wave destruction; then structural information is spread along the estimated local slopes, and horizons are picked everywhere in the seismic volume by the predictive‐painting algorithm. These picked horizons represent level sets of the first axis of the stratigraphic coordinate system. Next, an upwind finite‐difference scheme is used to find the two other axes, which are perpendicular to the first axis, by solving the appropriate gradient equations. After seismic data are transformed into stratigraphic coordinates, seismic horizons should appear flat, and seismic traces should represent the direction normal to the reflectors. Immediate applications of the stratigraphic coordinate system are in seismic image flattening and spectral decomposition. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate the effectiveness of stratigraphic coordinates. 相似文献
3.
The well-preserved extrusive sequence of the Solund-Stavfjord Ophiolite Complex (SSOC) in the West Norwegian Caledonides enables reconstruction of the uppermost oceanic crust that developed in a marginal basin. Basaltic sheet flows, pillow lavas and volcanic breccias are the main components of the extrusive sequence and show stratigraphic and structural evidence for a cyclic development. The first stage in a volcanic cycle is characterized by high extrusion rates yielding sheet flows, commonly with the thickest flow units at the base. Sequences of sheet flows can be correlated laterally for at least 6.5 km. Pillow lavas succeed the sheet flows later in a volcanic cycle with progressively smaller pillows forming at decreasing extrusion rates. Volcanic breccias occur towards the end of a volcanic cycle, but may also occur at lower stratigraphie levels. They are made generally of pillow breccias and hyaloclastites. The extrusive sequence of the SSOC oceanic crust was constructed through seven volcanic cycles that resulted in stratigraphic units with thicknesses ranging from 40 to 225 m. This architecture is comparable to sequences in in situ oceanic crust developed along slow- to intermediate-spreading ridges. 相似文献
4.
地层油藏是一种复杂的油藏类型,在地震描述中根据地震反射特征追踪的尖灭线与实际地层油藏的尖灭线常常存在较大的误差,因此精确落实地层超剥线的位置是地层油藏勘探成功的关键,本文通过大量的正演模型和地质统计方法,发现地层油藏超剥尖灭线的误差与地层和不整合面的夹角有关,从而提出了地层油藏超剥尖灭线夹角定量外推这种新方法,通过实际资料的应用,较好地解决了地层油藏超剥尖灭线不准的问题,取得了良好地质效果. 相似文献
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At a regional scale, high-resolution seismic dataset analysis provides an accurate image of the stratigraphic organization of the Post-Glacial transgressive deposits of the Gulf of Lions inner-shelf. Architectural and stratigraphic characteristics are different in four main sectors, clearly demonstrating that depositional models have to be adapted from place to place following the interplay of various genetic factors. 相似文献
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A. V. Latyshev D. O. Kushlevich V. V. Ponomareva M. M. Pevzner I. V. Fedyukin 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):750-759
New paleomagnetic determinations satisfying the up-to-date methodical and instrumental standards of paleomagnetic studies are obtained from the lava flows and volcanic ash of the Northern Group of Kamchatka volcanoes. In the past 4000 years, 12 stratigraphic levels with tephrostratigraphic ages are explored. The obtained directions of the geomagnetic field fill a gap in the data on the secular variation for northeastern Asia and can be used for developing global models. Besides, a promising outlook for the use of the variations of the geomagnetic field for the regional correlation of volcanic events is demonstrated. 相似文献
7.
Tong Jinnan Chu Daoliang Liang Lei Shu Wenchao Song Haijun Song Ting Song Huyue Wu Yuyang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(1):189-222
The Triassic rocks are widespread in China, and both marine and terrestrial strata are well developed. The Triassic stratigraphic architecture of China is very complex in both spatial variation of the so-called "South Marine and North Continental", i.e. the southern areas of China occupied mostly by marine facies while the northern China by terrestrial facies during the Triassic Period, and temporal transition of the "Lower Marine and Upper Continental", i.e. the lower part of the Triassic System composed mainly of marine facies and the upper part of terrestrial strata especially in South China. Although the Global Stratotype Section and Point(GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic boundary is located in South China, the Triassic of China except for some marine Lower-Middle Triassic depositions shows significantly local characteristics and is hardly correlated with the global chronostratigraphic chart. Consequently, the Triassic of China contains not only the international research hotspots but also difficult points in stratigraphic study. This paper aims to present a brief review of the Triassic in China, including chronostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy, and summarize an integrated Triassic stratigraphic framework of China. Accordingly, a stratigraphic correlation is proposed for the lithostratigraphic sequences among the three tectono-paleogeographic stratigraphic regions. The comprehensive study indicates that ammonoids are the classic index fossils in Triassic biostratigraphy but conodonts are more advantageous in the study and definition of the Triassic chronostratigraphic boundaries. China still has the potential to optimize the GSSPs of the Induan-Olenekian boundary and Olenekian-Anisian boundary. The correlation of the Permian-Triassic boundary between marine and terrestrial facies might be achieved with the help of the Permian-Triassic "transitional bed" and its related biotic and environmental events in association with the biostratigraphic study of conchostracan, vertebrate and plant fossils. In addition, the carbon isotopes have been proved to be one of the powerful methods in marine Triassic stratigraphic study, whereas the oxygen and strontium isotopes may be additional important bridges to establish the correlation between the marine and terrestrial strata, but as yet lacking of relevant studies in terrestrial strata. Considering the most stratigraphic intervals of the Triassic and the terrestrial Triassic in China are difficult to be correlated to the global chart, the proposed Chinese(regional) Triassic chronostratigraphic chart of marine and terrestrial stages would be of importance to the study of Chinese Triassic stratigraphy and related aspects, but the stages must be conceptually in line with international standards and studied as soon as possible in order to finalize the definition. 相似文献
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Ground water flow and travel time are dependent on stratigraphic architecture, which is governed by competing processes that control the spatial and temporal distribution of accommodation and sediment supply. Accommodation is the amount of space in which sediment may accumulate as defined by the difference between the energy gradient and the topographic surface. The temporal and spatial distribution of accommodation is affected by processes that change the distribution of energy (e.g., sea level or subsidence). Fluvial stratigraphic units, generated by FLUVSIM (a stratigraphic simulator based on accommodation and sediment supply), with varying magnitudes and causes of accommodation, were incorporated into a hydraulic regime using MODFLOW (a ground water flow simulator), and particles were tracked using MODPATH (a particle-tracking algorithm). These experiments illustrate that the dominant type of accommodation process influences the degree of continuity of stratigraphic units and thus affects ground water flow and transport. When the hydraulic gradient is parallel to the axis of the fluvial system in the depositional environment, shorter travel times occur in low-total accommodation environments and longer travel times in high-total accommodation environments. Given the same total accommodation, travel times are longer when sea-level change is the dominant process than those in systems dominated by subsidence. 相似文献
9.
井间断层分析的研究,是油气储层地质研究的一项重要基础性工作,对油气的运移和聚集其中重要的控制作用。它是利用测井资料,以地层分层为基础,采用计算机技术实现井间断层分析的一种井间断层自动分析方法。动态波形匹配算法是本次研究采用的主要算法,它能够很好地建立井间地层之间的对比关系,通过曲线拟合、特征提取、匹配代价计算等步骤,自动绘制井间地层对比的路径图解。本文在对各种构造的路径图分析的基础上,总结出正断层、逆断层、不整合、同沉积断层、犁式断层和地层尖灭等30种情况下的路径图模式,提出路径图模式及相关概念。在大港油田的实例分析中取得了很好的效果。 相似文献
10.
Ground water flow and travel time are dependent on stratigraphic architecture, which is governed by competing processes that control the spatial and temporal distribution of accommodation and sediment supply. Accommodation is the amount of space in which sediment may accumulate as defined by the difference between the energy gradient and the topographic surface. The temporal and spatial distribution of accommodation is affected by processes that change the distribution of energy (e.g., sea level or subsidence). Fluvial stratigraphic units, generated by FLUVSIM (a stratigraphic simulator based on accommodation and sediment supply), with varying magnitudes and causes of accommodation, were incorporated into a hydraulic regime using MODFLOW (a ground water flow simulator), and particles were tracked using MODPATH (a particle-tracking algorithm). These experiments illustrate that the dominant type of accommodation process influences the degree of continuity of stratigraphic units and thus affects ground water flow and transport. When the hydraulic gradient is parallel to the axis of the fluvial system in the depositional environment, shorter travel times occur in low-total accommodation environments and longer travel times in high-total accommodation environments. Given the same total accommodation, travel times are longer when sea-level change is the dominant process than those in systems dominated by subsidence. 相似文献
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Late Cenozoic Stratigraphic Sequence and Its Implication to Tectonic Evolution, Hejiakouzi Area, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＨａｉｙｕａｎ Ｔｏｎｇｘｉｎｓｙｎｔａｘｉｓ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｌｉｅｓｏｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔｅｒｎｅｄｇｅｏｆｔｈｅＱｉｎｇｈａｉ ＸｉｚａｎｇＰｌａｔｅａｕ ,ｗａｓｆｏｒｍｅｄａｎｄｓｅｖｅｒｅｌｙｄｅｆｏｒｍｅｄａｓｆｏｒｅｌａｎｄｂａｓｉｎｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｒｉｓｅｏｆｔｈｅＱｉｎｇｈａｉ ＸｉｚａｎｇＰｌａｔｅａｕｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅＣｅｎｏｚｏｉｃ .Ｉｎｔｈｅａｒｃ ｌｉｋｅｒｅｇｉｏｎ ,Ｃｅｎｏｚｏｉｃｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｓａｒｅｗｉｄｅｌｙｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄａｎｄｐｅ… 相似文献
13.
根据地热井的地层资料,绘制了横穿八宝山断裂带北段的地质剖面图,对八宝山断裂带的深部构造特点进行了探讨,并对几个地热钻孔的地层进行了横向对比。研究结果显示:剖面中存在众多倾角不同、规模不一且相互错断的逆断层,反映出八宝山断裂受逆冲作用非常强烈,同时具有多期性;剖面中存在两条较大的断层,一条是八宝山断裂带的主断层,另一条是雾迷山组小断块被顶托至上部后所形成的次断层,在八宝山一带,次断层的上盘被推覆至主断层线之上将其掩盖,地表仅显示一条断层,即平常所说的八宝山断层,由此可见这并非八宝山断裂带的主断层,在研究及监测中应注意加以区分。此外,根据钻孔地层厚度资料估算,本段主断层倾角约为40°,最大切割深度约为5 000 m。根据地层切割与沉积关系,认为八宝山断裂带最终形成于中生代晚期。 相似文献
14.
本文介绍了利用钻孔构造地层学和年代学资料鉴定平原区隐伏活动断裂长期活动习性的一种新的方法和应用实例。通过夏垫断裂上下盘东柳河屯 1,2号钻孔地层剖面年代学的测定和岩性的分析与对比 ,定量地恢复了距今 2 6ka以来断裂上下盘的差异沉积历史和垂直错动过程 ,建立了鉴别古地震的构造地层学标志。在此基础上 ,将断裂两侧的累积垂直位移量作为定量约束条件从新到老恢复到每一次地表破裂型地震错动前的状态 (扣除后期的同震垂直位移量 ) ,可识别出 11次地表破裂型古地震事件。指出夏垫断裂上的地表破裂型地震复发行为与古气候环境之间存在着密切的相关关系 ,气候极度寒冷的末次冰期间亚冰期和鼎盛期 (距今 19 3～ 2 6ka)共发生 6次地表破裂型古地震事件 ,这一时期是夏垫断裂地表破裂型 (古 )地震丛状群集期 ,复发间隔介于 90 0～ 190 0a ,且多数仅 90 0～ 12 0 0a。末次冰期鼎盛期晚期到冰后期 (距今 0～ 19 3ka)的地表破裂型 (古 )地震服从准周期复发模式 ,复发间隔明显地增长 ,包括公元 16 79年三河 -平谷 8级地震在内的最近 5次地表破裂型(古 )地震的复发间隔介于 370 0～ 相似文献
15.
The Punjab Platform is a gently dipping monocline that has been drilled since the 1960s with a low success ratio. Most of the drilling targets in the past were based on the structural interpretation. Furthermore, the exploration focus remained in Paleozoic sequences, and little attention has been paid to the Cretaceous systems. In this paper, a prograding Cretaceous (Sembar-Goru) mega-sequence is subdivided into three sequences using a semi-automated and integrated workflow. A data-driven chronostratigraphic chart is prepared, which revealed several regressive stages in the study area. The sands developed during these stages are laterally sealed by shales and claystones that form a stratigraphic play. The stratigraphic play area lies in a shoreface environment where shoreface sands are expected to be charged by underlying Lower Cretaceous black shales. A prominent gas cap above the proposed stratigraphic play further increases the confidence on the presence of a reservoir. This paper is the first attempt to study the Cretaceous deltaic sequences in the study area, which has remained unexplored for the last six decades. 相似文献
16.
The Pliocene to Pleistocene Series in each sedimentary basin or area of Japan has been investigated and described; however, their stratigraphic correlation is difficult because of complex geological structures. Regional stratigraphy has therefore been established using many intercalated tephra beds, i.e. by correlating tephra beds between distant areas. A standardized stratigraphic model of the Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene Series in Japan is put forward in this paper on the basis of tephrostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and biostratigraphy. This stratigraphic model is important for studies of environmental changes and explosive volcanism in this period around the Japanese island‐arc. 相似文献
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震源到接收台站之间的地层响应函数能够反映地下介质信息。对地震波传播过程中的卷积模型进行推导:记录信号是众多震源子波经过时移加权叠加的结果;通过反卷积方法可去除震源子波信息,提取震源到接收台站之间的地层响应函数;地层响应函数中第一个突跳值对应的时间即为P波走时。在河北赤城—张北地区进行人工震源实验,通过反卷积计算得到该地区地层响应函数剖面图,得出P波波速约6 km/s。利用人工震源系统还可以对地下介质波速变化进行长期动态监测,对地震预测具有一定意义。 相似文献
19.
Metals such as Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu from historical mining activity have been used as stratigraphic markers for dating and provenancing vertically accreted, fine-grained floodplain overbank deposits. This study presents evidence for chemical remobilization of these metals within overbank sediments in the Tyne basin, UK. The evidence includes: breakdown of metal-bearing minerals (sulphides, carbonates, iron and manganese oxyhydroxides); shifts of chemical fractions within zones of relatively low pH towards more soluble and reactive phases; and accumulation of secondary iron and manganese oxyhydroxides at levels related to fluctuating water-table levels or to the breakdown of organic matter. All of this suggests that fine, centimetre-scale, chemostratigraphy using metal concentrations and ratios is unlikely to provide reliable data in river systems that have experienced, or are experiencing, major changes in water-table levels, or pedogenesis. Coarse tens of centimetre- to metre-scale, chemostratigraphy, when applied with caution, may still provide a means of delineating contaminated units. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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