共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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基于前人研究成果以及现场的实测结果,采用卓资山露天钼矿微震监测项目产出资料,提取了5类微震事件的波形特征和时频特征。波形特征显示:微地震的振幅、辐射均匀性和频率变化特征表明微地震是由于岩层受到单力偶和剪切力作用破裂而产生;爆破具有P波初动方向向上、S波不易识别的特点,包含“初震段、主震段、尾波段”三段变化形态;小型边坡滑坡波事件属楔体滑坡,是由多个“加速—缓冲—终止”构成,波形是由包络线呈“V”字形的多组脉冲波列组成;机械开采震动事件具有自振能量不变、脉冲幅度相差很大、持续时间间隔不确定的特点;运输车辆波形振幅具有形态“弱—强—弱”、等频率、包络线呈多段纺锤形的特征。时频空间分布可以分为相对独立、界限分明的两类:一类包含微地震、爆破、机械开采、小型边坡滑坡事件,另一类只包含车辆运输事件。 相似文献
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低频成分缺失和地下速度强烈变化会导致严重的周期跳现象,是地震数据全波形反演的难题.通过对地震数据加时间阻尼和时间积分降主频处理,提出了一种可有效去除周期跳现象的多主频波场时间阻尼全波形反演方法.由浅到深的速度不准确会造成波形走时失配和走时失配的累积.浅部速度的准确反演可有效地减小深部波形走时失配与周期跳现象.对地震数据施加时间阻尼得到时间阻尼数据,利用不同阻尼值的时间阻尼地震数据实现由浅到深的全波形反演.低主频波场的周期跳现象相对高主频波场的要弱.对地震波场进行不同阶的时间积分以得到不同主频的波场,把低主频波场的全波形反演结果作为高主频波场全波形反演的初始模型.应用缺失4 Hz以下频谱成分的二维盐丘模型合成数据验证所提出的全波形反演方法的正确性和有效性,数值试验结果显示多主频波场的时间阻尼全波形反演方法对缺失低频成分地震数据和地下速度强烈变化具有很好的适应性. 相似文献
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平顶山地区爆破识别判据分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
郑培玲 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,35(5):84-87
对2008年1月1日-2012年12月31日河南数字地震台网记录的平顶山地区的地震与爆破事件,从初动方向、振幅比、周期比和记录波形对比等进行分析,结果表明：振幅比和记录波形对比可以作为平顶山地区爆破识别判据,初动方向可以作为该地区爆破识别的辅助判据. 相似文献
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本研究对涪陵地区井下产气的龙马溪组页岩岩芯,采用三轴压机压裂制造裂缝,用工业CT扫描压裂前后岩芯,应用图像识别技术统计出裂缝体密度,又用超声脉冲透射法测定样品破裂前后裂缝方向上的纵波、单偏振方向与裂缝不同夹角的横波,来研究裂缝对页岩岩芯声学性质的影响.实验结果表明:压裂后样品的纵波速度略微降低,只有含较多内部裂隙的150#样品纵波速度减小幅度明显.压裂前后样品的纵波波形差别不大,纵波主频随裂缝体密度呈下降趋势,即压裂后纵波频谱主频向低频端移动.压裂前横波速度随自身与裂隙方位角变化而变化,与0°和180°相比,在45°和135°时略微减小,在90°时速度降低幅度最为明显并且发生相位反转.典型样品的横波主频随偏振方向与裂缝夹角的增大而逐渐向低频移动;压裂后,横波频谱杂乱,出现多处局部峰值,速度和主频较压裂前更低,平均横波波速随裂缝体密度呈明显减小趋势.平均纵横波速比随裂缝密度呈近线性增加,表明其与裂缝体密度有较强相关性. 相似文献
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大容量低频组合气枪震源已成功应用于南海北部海陆联测实验及陆上水库实验,其信号传播最远距离可达255 km. 为了探讨气枪信号的波形特征, 从广东省地震台网数据中选择了台基相同、震级与震中距相近的珠海台的地震记录, 将气枪震源、天然地震和爆破三种震源的波形特征进行了对比分析,结果表明, 气枪信号特征明显, 信号主频4～8 Hz, 振幅±0.15 μm·s-1, 波形一般具有3～5个峰值, 并随时间有规律变化,易于准确识别. 实验探测结果说明, 这种能量强、重复性好、探测精度高、绿色环保的枪阵组合震源可广泛应用于海洋与陆地深部结构研究. 相似文献
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《山西地震》2020,(2)
山西代县和左云地区为爆破和塌陷多发区,快速判定两地发生事件的类型,有利于提升台网地震速报及编目质量水平。选取2009年以来山西台网记录到的山西代县和左云地区M_L≥2.5的爆破和塌陷地震事件目录,并对所选事件的体波和面波形态、P波初动方向、A_S/A_P振幅比、幅频特性等进行对比分析。结果表明,代县地区塌陷波的面波出现更早,周期更大,能量衰减更快;该地区爆破事件初动向上的近台所占比例大于50%,左云地区则小于50%。左云地区爆破的A_S/A_P值随震中距增大呈现缓慢增长趋势,代县地区则基本保持不变;两地爆破和塌陷的波形主频多集中在0～1.5 Hz频段,塌陷的高频衰减较爆破更快。 相似文献
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森林冠层探测激光雷达的波形特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
机载激光雷达通过发射激光脉冲和接收返回波形的方式来探测森林冠层的三维结构,返回波形中包含了森林冠层不同高度处枝叶的后向散射特征.本研究在分析激光脉冲与森林冠层之间的相互作用关系时发现返回波形存在时长展宽现象,为此建立了立体散射体模型,并得到时长展宽量与散射体深度之间的对应关系.根据返回波形的不同特征将散射体划分为简单散射体、立体散射体和复杂散射体三种类型,提出单峰导数法和多峰导数法两种波形分析方法,用于提取相关的波形特征量,并判别散射体的类型.本研究得到了一些初步结果,通过模拟立体散射体的返回波形发现,随着散射体深度的增加,返回波形逐渐被展宽;随着子散射体之间距离的增加,返回波形开始出现两个波峰并成为两个完全独立的子波形.通过对模拟波形和实测波形的波形特征量进行比较发现,模拟波形与实测波形的时长略有差别.总之,激光雷达波形数据很好地描述了森林冠层的后向散射特征,在提高森林参数估测精度方面具有应用潜力. 相似文献
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采用短时单频脉冲震源的浅地层剖面,记录的波形数据空间假频较严重。因其信号具有频率高、频带窄的特征,通常利用Hiibert变换提取瞬时振幅属性（信号包络）供解释使用。但瞬时振幅均为正值,在进行构造解释时不方便使用。本文提出在对浅层剖面资料提取瞬时振幅的基础上,计算瞬时振幅的微分并配合滤波的方法,实现高频窄带浅地层剖面资料的一种频移处理。该方法把高频窄带的多周期信号变为低频带宽的单周期信号,有效扩展了倍频程并消除假频。应用在南海浅地层剖面资料处理中,资料处理后更利于构造解释。 相似文献
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Compressional-wave Q estimation from full-waveform sonic data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There is significant evidence that the anelastic loss of seismic energy is linked to petrophysical properties such as porosity, permeability and clay content. Thus, reliable estimation of anelastic attenuation from seismic data can lead to improved methods for the prediction of petrophysical properties. This paper is concerned with methods for the estimation of attenuation at sonic frequencies (5–30 KHz) from in situ data. Two independent methods have been developed and tested for estimating compressional‐wave attenuation from full‐waveform sonic data. A well‐established technique, the logarithm spectral ratio (LSR) method, is compared with a new technique, the instantaneous frequency (IF) method. The LSR method uses the whole spectrum of the seismic pulse whilst the IF method uses a carefully estimated value of instantaneous frequency which is representative of the centre frequency of the pulse. In the former case, attenuation estimation is based on the relative variation of amplitudes at different frequencies, whilst in the latter case it is based on the shift of the centre frequency of the pulse to lower values during anelastic wave propagation. The IF method does not assume frequency independence of Q which is a necessary assumption for the LSR method, and it provides a stable frequency log, the peak instantaneous frequency (PIF) log, which may be used as an indicator for attenuation under certain limitations. The development and implementation of the two methods is aimed at minimizing the effect of secondary arrivals, such as leaky modes, and involved a series of parameter tests. Testing of the two methods using full‐waveform sonic data of variable quality, obtained from a gas‐bearing sandstone reservoir, showed that the IF method is in general more stable and suitable for full‐waveform sonic data compared with the LSR method. This was evident especially in data sets with high background noise levels and wave‐interference effects. For good quality data, the two methods gave results that showed good agreement, whilst comparison with other log types further increased confidence in the results obtained. A significant decrease (approximately 5 KHz) in the PIF values was observed in the transition from an evaporite/shale sequence to the gas‐bearing sandstone. Average Q values of 54 and 51 were obtained using good quality data from a test region within the gas‐saturated sandstone reservoir, using the LSR and IF methods, respectively. 相似文献
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采用改进型FCT有限差分法分别模拟各向同性、具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性(VTI)以及非线性VTI介质中地震波场,随后采用小波分析探讨VTI介质中非线性对地震波频率和频宽变化的约束.数值模拟及分析结果表明：介质各向异性会引发地震记录中各波型的能量随炮检距的变化,而介质各向异性与非线性的耦合作用则会进一步加剧这种变化.在遵守能量守恒原理的前提下,介质的非线性会引发地震波场中各波型间能量的再分配.同时还会引发地震波速度的波动,且随着入射角的增大,波动幅度变小.这些现象在频率域内的响应表现为主频和频宽的降低或增大、地震记录中与各波型相对应的瞬时主频和频宽峰值出现时刻的偏移以及它们随炮检距变化而表现出的幅值波动.在本文给定的弱非线性介质中（非线性炽较薄且远离震源）,在震源能量较低的情况下,介质的非线性效应会造成地震波瞬时主频和频宽相对于线性介质情况分别为1/10～1/4和1/10～1/3左右的变化量.此外,随着入射波能量的下降,介质非线性所造成的地震波瞬时特征（振幅、主频、频宽）的变化量减小,但随着地震波在穿越非线性介质时路径的加长,非线性作用的累积效应使得波形畸变和频率分布特征的变化（尤其是频宽）等现象得以维持. 相似文献
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四维地震(4D seimic)主要是指利用重复三维地震测量资料进行油藏动态监测。在油田开发过程中,由于储层特性变化所引起的地震振幅异常、频率变化以及反射同相轴下拖现象等均可作为注蒸汽波及范围四维地震监测的良好识别标志。由于叠后地震资料中常常存在动校正速度不准、动校正拉伸畸变、剩余静校正误差、以及CDP道集中各道波形的差异性等多方面的问题,这会对叠后地震资料所反映出的四维地震异常特性产生影响,造成解释结果的差异性和不确定性。为此,本文尝试开展叠前地震属性反演研究,利用瞬时频率、瞬时频率梯度、能量衰减85%时的频率、最大振幅频率、最大振幅、总能量等多种衰减属性的叠前剖面及其差值剖面来定性解释四维地震实验区的注入蒸汽在剖面上的反映。 相似文献
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选取河北省6个地电台站地电场观测数据,分析地电场静日和地电暴期间的波形变化,讨论地电暴期间不同台站之间急始脉冲和急始变幅差异性,认为:地下介质不均匀性造成地电暴急始脉冲相位不同;地电暴急始变幅差异与观测台址表层电阻率大小关系密切。应用最大熵谱方法提取频谱成分,发现地电暴日高频短周期成分更加丰富,优势周期约1.6 h。 相似文献
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The seismic instantaneous frequency attribute has been applied to interpret a depositional layer. Instead of the standard instantaneous frequency, the Caputo fractional differential operator has been demonstrated as a more suitable mathematical tool of nonlinear analysis for the depositional layer. Based on the Caputo operator, we propose a fractional extension of instantaneous frequency attribute to detect thin layers of sandstone formations. From numerical analysis of a 25-Hz Ricker wavelet, we found that the fractional instantaneous frequency of 0.99 order keeps an approximation of standard instantaneous frequency and enhances the negative frequency (anomalous frequency spike), which help in more precise geological interpretation. A three-layer wedge model and a case history from the Bohai Bay Basin showed that the 0.99 order instantaneous frequency provides more depositional sandstone information than the standard instantaneous frequency. The anomalous frequency spike, at the merging point of the top and the base reflections or at the tip of the stratum, of 0.99 order instantaneous frequency is more prominent than that of the standard one. The results help to interpret the thickness changes of thin sandstone formations. In practical application, the 0.99 order instantaneous frequency has revealed several deposition phases and lateral heterogeneity of a fluvial reservoir system. Therefore, the 0.99 order instantaneous frequency is a valuable seismic attribute for reservoir characterization. 相似文献
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复地震道分析又称三瞬分析,该分析方法可将反映地震信号局部变化情况的地震波的瞬时振幅、瞬时相位和瞬时频率等信息分离开.本文应用Hilbert变换求解虚地震记录,用复地震道分析方法求取"三瞬"信息,并用该方法计算了理论合成地震记录的瞬时振幅、瞬时相位和瞬时频率,获得了较好的效果.同时,本文也利用该方法对某区块实际地震资料进行了处理,结果表明,复地震道分析方法获得的"三瞬"信息可反映地震信号的局部变化,有助于进行地震薄互层分析,并能提高数据的解释精度. 相似文献
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Waveform inversion can lead to faint images for later times due to geometrical spreading. The proper scaling of the steepest-descent direction can enhance faint images in waveform inversion results. We compare the effects of different scaling techniques in waveform inversion algorithms using the steepest-descent method. For the scaling method we use the diagonal of the pseudo-Hessian matrix, which can be applied in two different ways. One is to scale the steepest-descent direction at each frequency independently. The other is to scale the steepest-descent direction summed over the entire frequency band. The first method equalizes the steepest-descent directions at different frequencies and minimizes the effects of the band-limited source spectrum in waveform inversion. In the second method, since the steepest-descent direction summed over the entire frequency band is divided by the diagonal of the pseudo-Hessian matrix summed over the entire frequency band, the band-limited property of the source wavelet spectrum still remains in the scaled steepest-descent directions. The two scaling methods were applied to both standard and logarithmic waveform inversion. For standard waveform inversion, the method that scales the steepest-descent direction at every frequency step gives better results than the second method. On the other hand, logarithmic waveform inversion is not sensitive to the scaling method, because taking the logarithm of wavefields automatically means that results for the steepest-descent direction at each frequency are commensurate with each other. If once the steepest-descent directions are equalized by taking the logarithm of wavefields in logarithmic waveform inversion, the additional equalizing effects by the scaling method are not as great as in conventional waveform inversion. 相似文献