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工程锚杆锚固质量动测技术 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
结合锚固体系的锚杆动力学及弹性波运动学理论,分析和评述了锚固体系的振动特征和锚固体系中弹性波传播的能量衰减规律,以及锚杆锚固质量检测的方法、技术与特点;并通过工程检测实例进一步说明,锚杆锚固质量动测技术是一种方便易行,测试精度能满足现场技术要求的方法,具有较为广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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针对冲击地压造成大量锚杆支护结构破坏问题,采用动力数值计算方法,研究冲击载荷作用下锚杆-围岩的动力耦合作用与破坏机制。结果表明:(1)冲击载荷作用下锚杆与围岩振动存在明显的"时差效应",导致锚杆与围岩非同步振动,致使锚固剂承受动态剪切作用。随着锚固长度的增加锚杆与围岩的振动呈同步趋势,削弱了振动"时差效应"引起的锚固剂剪切作用,有效避免锚杆的脱粘滑移失效;(2)随着冲击速度的增大,"时差效应"导致锚杆锚固剂承受动态剪切作用被覆盖,锚杆的破坏失效模式由脱粘或杆体屈服断裂转变为锚杆与围岩统一破坏模式;(3)当冲击载荷频率接近锚固围岩体固有频率时,冲击载荷引起锚杆与围岩共振,锚杆与围岩同步振动速度幅值显著增大,可在相对较低的冲击速度下造成锚杆与围岩整体失效。远离锚固围岩体的固有频率对锚杆-围岩动力相互作用影响较小。 相似文献
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地震激励作用下,柔性的锚杆支护体系与刚性的滑体合而为一,刚柔并济,协调系统位移与应力,主动抗震抗滑。基于以上优势,锚固边坡在高烈度地区广泛应用,其动力稳定性也成为近年来岩土工程领域研究的热点。通过分析锚固边坡的浅表动力效应、锚固体的动力响应、锚固体的破坏模式、锚固体的抗震机理及设计方法等4个方面发现,浅表动力效应研究和锚固体的动力响应分析研究成果相对较多、较成熟,但大都局限于位移、加速度、应力等单因素的分析,并没有具体到整个系统的动力响应过程;指出今后的研究方向更应趋向于整个锚固系统的动力响应过程、抗震机理及抗震设计理论,才能更好地为工程服务。 相似文献
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为研究不同冻结温度及含水率对冻结粉土中锚杆抗拔性能的影响,根据冻土与混凝土接触面的力学特性和变形规律,采用双曲线模型描述锚杆-冻土接触面的剪切特性。基于荷载传递法,建立考虑温度和含水率影响的锚杆荷载传递方程,采用有限差分法进行求解,得到锚固段的剪应力、轴力及承载力计算式;通过ABAQUS数值模拟验证荷载传递方程的合理性,结合算例分析表明：冻土中锚杆抗拔承载力大于常温土,且温度越低承载力越高;在相同荷载作用下,冻土温度越低,轴力沿深度衰减越快,剪应力分布越不均匀;相同冻结温度下,锚杆承载力随含水率的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势;增加锚固体直径能有效地提高锚杆的极限承载力。 相似文献
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Based on the theory of tube wave propagation in a fluid-filled borehole, this paper proposes a new method for detecting the integrity of pile foundation and overcomes some limitations of the existing pile integrity tests. The basic principle of detecting the pile integrity by the tube wave, testing equipment and concrete quality evaluation of piles are introduced. The feasibility of the tube wave detection for geological exploration of a bridge pile in a karst development area is verified by field tests. Through some test cases of prestressed high strength concrete pipe piles, cast-in-place piles and rock-socketed piles with defects, the accuracy of the tube wave detection and other methods is compared. Then, some issues of the application of the tube wave for detecting pile defects are discussed. Finally, the content of this paper is summarized, and some suggestions on further research are put forward. 相似文献
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油田的套管完井常伴有异常地应力的作用,对于套管井,井孔-套管-水泥环-地层组合的系统使井周的应力集中更为复杂.为认识地应力作用下不同胶结状态的套管井导波声弹效应,本文基于非线性声学理论,实现了受应力作用不同胶结状态套管井井周应力和径向横波速度计算与分析;采用摄动求解推导了套管井导波的声弹性方程,模拟并分析由应力引起不同胶结状态套管井斯通利波、伪瑞利波、弯曲波相速度的变化.研究结果表明:不同胶结状态会改变井周的应力分布,当界面出现滑移时井周地层中的应力集中有所增强,从而影响导波的声弹效应.本文的研究结果为地应力作用的套管井的声场特性提供认识和理论依据. 相似文献
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Numerical simulation of attenuation and group velocity of guided ultrasonic wave in grouted rock bolts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, the guided ultrasonic wave propagating in grouted rock bolts was simulated with finite element method. An 800 mm partially grouted cylindrical rock bolt model was created. Dynamic input signals with frequency from 25 to 100 kHz were used to excite ultrasonic wave. The simulated waveform, group velocity and amplitude ratio matched well with the experimental results. This model made it possible to study the behaviour of the guided waves in the grouted bolt along its central axis. Analysis of the simulated results showed that the group velocity in grouted rock bolts is constant along the grouted length, and the boundary effect on the group velocity is negligible. This paper also presents methods to determine the attenuation coefficient from simulation and to determine the boundary effect on attenuation at the bolt ends. The analysis showed that the attenuation of the guided wave propagating inside the grouted bolts is similar to the theoretical solution in steel bar with infinite length. After correction for the boundary effects the grout length of a grouted rock bolt can be determined using the measured attenuation, with sufficient accuracy. 相似文献
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根据应力波按半球面波扩展传播的特点,结合系梁(盖梁)、墩柱、桩基之间的几何尺寸关系,建立系梁(盖梁)等结构件对应力波干扰频率的计算方法并得到其分布特征。采用多通道同步采集设备结合同相轴分析方法进行桩柱式基础完整性状况跟踪测试现场试验。结果表明:桩顶自由时得到的扩径、桩底反射等信号特征可以在墩柱、系梁等施工后测试得到的信号中体现;拾振点应尽量竖向串列式排列,这种拾振方式不仅可以根据拾振点起始波峰之间的时差和拾振点间距计算结构物的应力波波速,而且不同拾振点的振动曲线能形成同相轴,便于利用同相轴分析判断桩底、盖梁(系梁)反射和其他反射体的反射。数据分析时,对异常信号应重点分析其拾取时刻,并借助测定的墩柱、系梁或盖梁的应力波波速判断其发生位置。 相似文献
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转运-清洗间作为核电厂反应堆堆外换料系统中的主要设施,为反应堆换料操作提供了安全可靠的生物屏蔽空间,转运-清洗间采用的是双钢板重混凝土组合结构。本文基于有限元软件ABAQUS对转运-清洗间的抗震性能进行分析,包括地震动激励下结构的峰值应力、应变和动力特性。结果表明,在转运间的底部悬挑边缘部位存在应力集中,但是钢板、栓钉和重混凝土墙仍有充分的安全裕度。转运-清洗间的整体刚度较大,在设计基准地震动激励下结构反应的峰值加速度放大系数及峰值相对位移较小,结构具有良好的安全性和完整性,核电厂转运-清洗间的设计安全可靠。 相似文献
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以法兰螺栓联结为节点连接型式的输电塔架结构是一类应用广泛的结构型式。其中节点螺栓脱落损伤是一种常见的损伤形式。为了确保电力工业的正常运行,及时进行法兰联结节点螺栓松动损伤的诊断是十分必要的。本文依据输电塔结构塔身竖杆法兰联结节点风致响应的特点,推导了只与结构的损伤程度有关,与外加的风荷载无关的塔身竖杆节点风致竖向应变响应方差的归一化公式,并借助于噪声抑制能力强且对突变信号敏感的小波变换方法对该统计方差进行了小波变换分析,达到了对螺栓脱落损伤位置的有效识别,实际输电塔法兰螺栓松动损伤的仿真分析表明,本文提出的方法是有效而可行的,具有一定的实践价值。 相似文献
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主要讨论了应力变化如何影响各向异性介质中波速度的问题。推导了一般各向异性介质在初始应力下的Christoffel方程,得到介质中3种波的相速度和初始应力的关系表达式;通过实验数据验证了单轴应力能够诱导各向异性,当施加单轴应力时,速度在沿应力的方向增加最大,在垂直应力的方向增加最小,实验结果与理论推导一致;用Christoffel方程的数值解模拟在3种对称情况下的弹性各向异性介质中初始应力对波速度的影响。数值结果表明:初始应力对各向异性介质中波传播速度的影响,随着各向异性强度的增加而增大,而且速度越慢,影响越大。 相似文献
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《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2010,70(3-4):131-139
We investigated the properties of guided wave propagating in grouted rock bolts and the formation of the interface wave through theoretical analysis along with experimental and numerical simulations. Experimental and numerical simulations reveal that the wave propagating in anchorage structure is related to boundary conditions within the range of excitation wave frequencies. Waves with different frequencies have different propagation velocities and attenuation characteristics. The optimal excitation wave occurs in grouted rock bolts with minimized attenuation and maximized propagation distance, and the end reflection of grouted rock bolts can be observed clearly. Longitudinal wave propagating in rock bolts is very sensitive to anchorage strength. With the increase of anchorage strength, longitudinal wave gradually attenuates and eventually disappears. Subsequently, interface wave appears and the velocity of wave propagating in the grouted part becomes that of the interface wave. Based on these studies, ultrasonic guided wave was used to study the end reflection of embedded rock bolts with different anchorage strengths and bonding lengths. The relationships among anchorage strength, bonding length and attenuation coefficient K, as well as the means to inspect the bonding quality of the embedded rock bolts were also evaluated. 相似文献
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A rock bolt installed in the field for ground support has only one short exposed end on the rock surface. This condition has posed challenges in field instrumentation. In this paper, a new approach for field monitoring of grouted rock bolts using guided ultrasonic waves is proposed with the receiving transducer on the grout surface near the exposed end of the bolt. The effects of the receiver location are studied with numerical modeling. A location correction factor is introduced to correlate the amplitude ratio along the bolt and that on the grout surface. Experiments are conducted to verify the modeling results. This research indicates that it is practically possible to receive meaningful signals with the receiver on the grout surface and that with the recorded data the attenuation and wave velocity of guided waves in grouted rock bolts can be determined with reasonable accuracy. The proper receiver location is found to be 27 to 32 mm from the bolt center for the test condition. 相似文献
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Sensitivity of time-lapse seismic to reservoir stress path 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Colin M. Sayers 《Geophysical Prospecting》2006,54(3):369-380
The change in reservoir pore pressure due to the production of hydrocarbons leads to anisotropic changes in the stress field acting on the reservoir. Reservoir stress path is defined as the ratio of the change in effective horizontal stress to the change in effective vertical stress from the initial reservoir conditions, and strongly influences the depletion‐induced compaction behaviour of the reservoir. Seismic velocities in sandstones vary with stress due to the presence of stress‐sensitive regions within the rock, such as grain boundaries, microcracks, fractures, etc. Since the response of any microcracks and grain boundaries to a change in stress depends on their orientation relative to the principal stress axes, elastic‐wave velocities are sensitive to reservoir stress path. The vertical P‐ and S‐wave velocities, the small‐offset P‐ and SV‐wave normal‐moveout (NMO) velocities, and the P‐wave amplitude‐versus‐offset (AVO) are sensitive to different combinations of vertical and horizontal stress. The relationships between these quantities and the change in stress can be calibrated using a repeat seismic, sonic log, checkshot or vertical seismic profile (VSP) at the location of a well at which the change in reservoir pressure has been measured. Alternatively, the variation of velocity with azimuth and distance from the borehole, obtained by dipole radial profiling, can be used. Having calibrated these relationships, the theory allows the reservoir stress path to be monitored using time‐lapse seismic by combining changes in the vertical P‐wave impedance, changes in the P‐wave NMO and AVO behaviour, and changes in the S‐wave impedance. 相似文献