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1.
西藏羊八井热田的碱金属元素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了西藏羊八井高温地热田及毗邻90km2范围内土壤中碱金属元素的地球化学特征,结果表明,碱金属元素锂、铷和铯可以作为一组新的地球化学指标用于热田勘查,圈定热田范围,其作用与已提出的汞、砷、锑和铋地球化学指标相类似。文章对碱金属元素在地热系统中的分布及地球化学行为、异常形成原因进行了初步的讨论。相关分析表明,这些地球化学指标有密切的相关关系,反映了具有共同成因。利用热水中的钠、钾元素作为地热温标对羊八井热田地下热水的温度进行了估算。 相似文献
2.
提要：汤泉位于河北省遵化市西北部,为山前丘陵地貌,地热资源丰富。本文通过对该地区地热流体研究发现：Na+、Ca2+、K+、Mg2+与SO2-4、HCO-3、Cl-、NO-3是该地区地下热水的主要成分,水化学类型主要为SO2-4-Na+型,属于未污染的天然弱碱性水;流体中F-含量平均为9.36 mg/l,远高于国家地下水质量标准ⅴ级;可溶性SiO2的含量可作为地热温标;地热流体总矿化度平均为782.33 mg/l,属于淡水;为中等腐蚀型水,不结碳酸钙垢,无CaSO4?2H2O垢和SiO2垢生成的可能;地热流体属于含岩盐地层溶滤的陆相沉积水;根据氢氧稳定同位素可知,河北汤泉地热流体主要来源于大气降水。 相似文献
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【研究目的】地热资源特征研究及开发潜力分析是开发区域地热资源的重要依据。【研究方法】本文将前人研究成果与最新钻井资料相结合,通过对沧县隆起北部地区地热地质背景、热储分布、地温场特征、水化学资源类型等主要因素进行剖析,建立了该区的地热成藏模式。【研究结果】沧县隆起北部地区是在渤海湾伸展型沉积盆地高大地热流值背景下,由北部燕山裸露区基岩接受的大气降水作为近源补给水源,进入基岩的冷水在深层循环过程中受到深部热源加热增温,沿断裂破碎带和不整合面向上运移富集,形成的以传导型传热机制为主的地热系统。【结论】本区地热资源特点为热储类型多、盖层地温梯度高、补给速度快、资源量巨大。主要表现为：区内分布馆陶组砂岩热储,奥陶系、蓟县系雾迷山组岩溶热储三套主力热水储集层;地温场分布主要受基底构造形态控制,基岩凸起区的平均地温梯度为45℃/km;地下水类型随着埋深的增加由HCO3-Na、HCO3·SO4-Na型水向成熟的Cl-Na型水过渡;本区内三套热储的可采地热资源量为1.67×1010GJ,折合标煤5.72×108t,年可开采地热资源量可满足供暖面积2亿m2,若在采灌平衡的条件下,沧县隆起北部地区年可采地热资源量为7.06×107GJ,折合标煤2.41×106t,可满足供暖面积0.85亿m2,具有良好的地热市场开发前景。 相似文献
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超高纯气体在工业生产中有非常重要的地位,如半导体工业中电子气的质量直接影响半导体器件的性能,百万分之几的微量杂质气体便可导致集成电路中元件存储信息量的减少。越来越高的气体纯度要求对分析方法及仪器的灵敏度提出了很大的挑战。大气压电离质谱(APIMS)由于可以在大气压条件下对杂质进行电离,并伴随高效的电离方式,因此具有极高的灵敏度,成为超高纯气体杂质分析中极为有效的技术手段,特别适合检测10-9 mol/mol甚至10-12 mol/mol浓度量级的气体杂质。APIMS采用电晕放电及63Ni两种电离源,通常以电晕放电电离源为主,质量分析器常采用四极杆,同时为适应超高纯气体分析,APIMS配备了气体进样系统及可将标准气体稀释产生校正气体的稀释系统。APIMS对杂质检测的灵敏度与杂质的电离方式密切相关,电荷传递是杂质电离最主要的一种方式,适用于电离能相差较大的底气与杂质,常见的N2、Ar由于电离能较高,其中的大部分杂质均可依靠该方式测定;质子转移反应的应用通常与H2有关,常用于H2中杂质的测定,也可以通过添加H2的方法促进对Ar中N2杂质的检测;运用形成团簇离子的反应尽管较少,但亦有报道,通过监测团簇离子O2+·H2O,可提高O2中杂质H2O的检测灵敏度。依据不同的电离反应,可以设计对不同杂质的测定方式,实现对痕量、超痕量杂质的检测。APIMS检测灵敏度通常比电子轰击电离质谱(EI/MS)高104~106倍,因此目前依然是超高纯气体分析中不可替代的仪器方法,但在某些方面如对有腐蚀性电子特气的分析,方法灵敏度有待提高。 相似文献
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挥发性有机化合物及硫化物气体作指标勘查金属矿床的工作国内外均处于初试阶段。近几年我们用硫化氢、二氧化硫及轻烃气体(C1—C4烷烃和烯烃)作指标对十个不同景观条件不同地区的铅锌矿、铜钼矿、金矿、铜镍等多金属矿床进行了土壤及地表岩石测量勘查隐伏矿的方法试验,取得很好的结果。表明该方法是寻找多金属隐伏矿的一种有效的气体测量方法,它可用于寻找覆盖厚度几米到400多米运积物覆盖区隐伏矿及基岩面下埋藏400多米盲矿的地表土壤和岩石测量以及岩体评价找矿工作。试验结果还表明该方法用于岩石测量的效果优于土壤测量。 相似文献
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腾冲新生代火山区温泉CO2气体排放通量研究 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
近期研究表明,不仅火山喷发期会向当时的大气圈输送大量的温室气体,火山间歇期同样会释放大量的温室气体。在火山活动间歇期,火山区主要以喷气孔、温(热)泉以及土壤微渗漏等形式向大气圈释放温室气体。腾冲是我国重要的新生代火山区,同时也是重要的水热活动区,那里出露大量的温泉,然而目前未见腾冲火山区温泉气体排放通量的研究报道。本文利用数字皂膜通量仪测量了腾冲新生代火山区温泉中CO2的排放通量。研究结果表明,腾冲新生代火山区温泉向当今大气圈输送的CO2通量达3.58×103 t·a-1,相当于意大利锡耶纳Bassoleto地热区温泉中CO2的排放规模。腾冲火山区温泉的CO2释放通量主要受深部岩浆囊、断裂分布、地下水循环、围岩成分等多方面因素的影响。本文根据温泉中CO2的排放特征,将腾冲温泉分为南北两区,南区温泉CO2通量远高于北区的温泉,热海地热区的通量为腾冲CO2通量的最大值。在北温泉区,CO2通量主要受控于断裂的分布;而在南温泉区,除受到断裂控制外,热海地热区底部的岩浆囊及其与围岩的相互作用成为CO2气体的重要物质来源,同时高温的岩浆囊为温泉及CO2的形成提供了重要热源。 相似文献
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【研究目的】淮阳地热属于典型的中低温沉降盆地型地热,研究淮阳县地热资源的质与量,有助于其合理开发利用及科学管理。【研究方法】本文综合利用地球化学、环境同位素,对淮阳县地温场及地热流体化学特征和成因进行分析研究。【研究结果】结果表明,深部热储地温场受基底构造与断裂影响较明显,构造单元分界处和多条断裂交汇处,地温梯度较高,如苏庄地温梯度3.75℃/100 m,其他地段<3.5℃/100 m。研究区内地热流体中主要为Cl·HCO3·SO4-Na、Cl·SO4·HCO3－Na、Cl·SO4-Na型。地热流体中阳离子主要以Na+为主,阴离子呈多样化,研究区地热流体主要来源于西部伏牛山区的大气降水,且地热流体发生水-岩作用,但相对较弱。地热流体为1952年前入渗补给的“古水”。【结论】淮阳经济可开采热储层主要为新近系明化镇组和馆陶组,区内地热资源开发主要可用来供暖,以促进当地经济发展,助力于本地区“双碳”目标的达成。创新点：分析了淮阳地温梯度与地质构造和断裂活动的关系;结合地层特性,讨论了淮阳地热流体中不同离子的来源以及地热流体的主要来源。 相似文献
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中国大陆新生代典型火山区温室气体释放的规模及其成因 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
火山活动能够将地球深部的碳输送到大气圈,是地质碳排放和深部碳循环的重要形式.火山作用不仅在喷发期能够释放大量温室气体,而且在休眠期也能释放巨量的温室气体.在全球变暖的背景下,定量化地研究火山活动对大气圈温室气体含量增加的贡献具有至关重要的意义.本文利用密闭气室法等该领域国际先进的测试技术,测量并计算了长白山、腾冲、五大连池及青藏高原南部的羊八井等典型火山区的温室气体释放规模.结果显示,我国大陆新生代典型火山区向大气圈输送的温室气体总通量约为8.13×106t·a-1,接近107t·a-1级别,相当于全球火山活动导致的温室气体(主要为CO2)释放总量的6%左右.太平洋构造域火山区的温室气体在释放通量与总量方面均低于特提斯构造域,并且太平洋构造域火山气体的地壳混染程度较低,显示出大洋俯冲带与大陆俯冲带火山区温室气体释放的成因差异. 相似文献
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U37K与海水表层温度 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Ｕ37Ｋ是指少数藻类生物所特有的一种分子化合物（长链不饱和酮）的不饱和指数。在现代海洋沉积物中，Ｕ37Ｋ与浮游有孔虫的18Ｏ值具有很好的相关性。在实验室培养的藻类生物体中、海洋悬浮颗粒物及海洋沉积柱样的表层样中均检测出长链不饱和酮，其Ｕ37Ｋ与生物生长环境的海水表层温度具有很好的线性关系。因此，在古气候研究中，Ｕ37Ｋ可作为一种有效的古温度指标，且在古气候研究中已得到应用。主要介绍了Ｕ37Ｋ作为海水表层温度指标的原理、定量公式及其研究现状和存在的问题。 相似文献
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新疆阿尔泰南缘东段哈腊苏斑岩铜(钼金)矿床地质 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近几年阿尔泰南缘斑岩型铜矿勘查进展明显，哈腊苏铜（钼金）矿床倍受关注。该矿床以中泥盆世阿尔泰南缘特殊的裂谷为背景形成。矿化发生在侵入于中泥盆统玄武岩内的花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩内及其附近围岩中。从岩体到玄武岩依次出现钾长石化、黑云母化、青磐岩化以及叠加于其上的团块/脉状钾化、硅化等蚀变。矿石中可同时见到细脉浸染状斑岩型和团块/脉状热液型两种组构，且后者叠加到前者之上。斑岩型矿化存在海西（381±8.7 Ma，375±8.7 Ma）和印支（213±4.2 Ma）两期，印支期（230±5 Ma）还发育构造-流体叠加矿化。矿石中硫化物的硫、铅同位素（δ34S=-6.5‰～-1.6‰，206Pb/204Pb=18.052～19.362，207Pb/204Pb=15.501～15.606，208Pb/204Pb=37.813～39.355）表明S和Pb来自岩浆或地幔/下地壳，成矿流体中水（δ18OSMOW=7.4‰～9.2‰，δDSMOW= -89‰～-80‰）为岩浆水。斑岩期成矿温度420～560℃。不同时期小斑岩体、玄武岩围岩及后期矿化叠加是成矿重要条件。 相似文献
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Sedimentology of coexisting travertine and tufa deposits in a mounded geothermal spring carbonate system,Obruktepe, Turkey 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Benjamin Lopez Gilbert Camoin Mehmet Özkul Rudy Swennen Aurélien Virgone 《Sedimentology》2017,64(4):903-931
The recent discoveries of deeply buried Cretaceous reservoir bodies in the Atlantic Ocean revealed that relationships between the distribution of spring carbonate deposits and faults are poorly understood. The well‐exposed Quaternary deposits at Obruktepe (Denizli Basin, Turkey) provide an opportunity to reconstruct the three‐dimensional sedimentary architecture of such a system. Integration of sedimentological, lithofacies and geochemical analyses reveals complexity in the lateral relationships between sedimentary environments, faults and geothermal spring carbonates. Five environmental systems are distinguished based on the lithofacies analysis: (i) vent; (ii) smooth slope; (iii) travertine‐terrace; (iv) tufa‐barrage; and (v) flood systems. Encrusting, baffling and settling sedimentary processes are reflected in data acquired at several scales, from lithofacies observations to the morphology and arrangement of geobodies, together with microfabrics and stable carbon and oxygen isotope data. Mean values of +4·9‰ δ13C and −8·74‰ δ18O Vienna PeeDee Belemnite reflect geothermal circulation of springwaters. The environmental distribution and lithofacies indicate a lateral continuum between travertine and tufa deposits within this hot spring system. This finding supports two depositional models in which water flow variation is the main control on both CaCO3 precipitation and the resulting formation of travertine and tufa. The proposed models address the factors responsible for the development of these complex mound‐shaped carbonate spring deposits, and how they are related to fluid circulation at depth and in association with faults. 相似文献
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Mustafa Afsin Diana M. Allen Dirk Kirste U. Gokcen Durukan Ali Gurel Ozcan Oruc 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(1):7-23
Mixing is a dominant hydrogeological process in the hydrothermal spring system in the Cappadocia region of Turkey. All springs emerge along faults, which have the potential to transmit waters rapidly from great depths. However, mixing with shallow meteoric waters within the flow system results in uncertainty in the interpretation of geochemical results. The chemical compositions of cold and warm springs and geothermal waters are varied, but overall there is a trend from Ca–HCO3 dominated to Na–Cl dominated. There is little difference in the seasonal ionic compositions of the hot springs, suggesting the waters are sourced from a well-mixed reservoir. Based on δ18O and δ2H concentrations, all waters are of meteoric origin with evidence of temperature equilibration with carbonate rocks and evaporation. Seasonal isotopic variability indicates that only a small proportion of late spring and summer precipitation forms recharge and that fresh meteoric waters move rapidly into the flow system and mix with thermal waters at depth. 3H and percent modern carbon (pmC) values reflect progressively longer groundwater pathways from cold to geothermal waters; however, mixing processes and the very high dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of the water samples preclude the use of either isotope to gain any insight on actual groundwater ages. 相似文献
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沉积盆地型与隆起山地型地热系统地表地球化学异常模式差异性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地球化学勘探技术作为地热资源综合勘查技术之一,在地热勘探开发中发挥了重要作用。沉积盆地型与隆起山地型地热系统由于自身地质特征的不同,必然造成它们的地球化学判识指标和异常模式存在差异。目前国内外尚缺乏对这两种类型地热系统判识指标和地球化学异常模式差异性进行地质地球化学分析,导致针对不同的勘探对象在方法选择和异常解释上依据不足。以典型沉积盆地型地热系统——河北雄县地热系统,隆起山地型地热系统——安徽巢湖半汤地热系统为例,开展地球化学方法试验,建立了两种类型地热系统的地表地球化学异常模式,并从地热系统的地质因素(热源、热水、热储、通道、盖层)出发,对其地表地球化学异常模式差异性进行分析,表明隆起山地型地热系统地表地球化学异常模式为受导水断层、破碎带控制的正异常;沉积盆地型地热系统气体地球化学异常模式为受热储构造控制的正异常,微量元素地球化学异常为受氧化还原环境控制的负异常;二者在有效地球化学指标组合和异常形态上均存在差异。研究结果为不同类型地热系统勘探提供方法和理论依据。 相似文献
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Subhajit Roy Balwant Kumar Abbhijit Chowdhury Umesh Kumar Singh Samit Ray 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(12):314
A study was conducted in seven geothermal springs located in Bakreswar, District Birbhum, West Bengal, India, in order to assess numerous geochemical processes which were responsible for chemical composition of thermal and mineralized water. The study area lies over the Sone, Narmada, and Tapti lineament of Precambrian Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex. Water chemistry has been carried out based on reaction stoichiometry and geo-statistical tools to identify geochemical process. Piper and Gibbs diagram suggest that the spring water belongs to Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3??+?CO32? water type and are controlled by rock dominance. Dissolution and precipitation of calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and fluorite minerals were identified as principle source of major ions in seven geothermal spring water. Principle component analyses revealed that major ions of spring water are derived from geogenic processes such as weathering, dissolution, and precipitation of various minerals. Overall results suggest that major ions of the spring’s water are derived from natural origin because no evidence of anthropogenic sources was observed during the study period. This study has also revealed that water quality of spring’s water is not suitable for drinking purposes and quite suitable for irrigation because of high abundance of Na+, K+, Cl?, and HCO3? ions. 相似文献
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Zhu Bingqiu Zhu Lixin Shi Changyi Yu Hui Wang Gongyuan 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1989,33(1-3)
From 1983 to 1985, an orientation study was carried out in about 20 geothermal fields in China. Semi-detailed and detailed surveys were conducted in an area of 90 km2 in Yangbajing, Tibet. Hg, As, Sb and Bi were used as indicators to extend the promising area of known geothermal fields to 16 km2. In the northern part of the extended promising area, three drill holes were sunk and high-temperature thermal water of 160°C was obtained. In the southern part, outside the geochemical anomaly, two holes were drilled but no thermal water was found. The inner zone of the Hg anomaly coincides closely with the distribution of drill holes that met thermal water with temperatures higher than 140°C. The distribution of Bi values may indicate that the thermal water in the southern part is at shallower depth. A semi-regional survey in an area of 200 km2 in Tengchong, Yunnan Province delineated several new prospects, which will possibly extend the resources of the Rehai geothermal field. An element zoning pattern similar to that of hydrothermal mineral deposits was discovered in the Rehai geothermal field. A semi-regional survey conducted in Xiaotangshan near Beijing indicated that the possible extent of the Xiaotangshan geothermal field may reach 30 km2. Drilling confirmed that the outer zone of the Hg anomaly is in accordance with the distribution of 40°C thermal water, and the intermediate and inner zones of the Hg anomaly are associated with higher temperature thermal water. Research during the three years 1983–1985 demonstrated that exploration geochemistry is an effective tool for finding geothermal fields. 相似文献
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Geothermal water is plentiful in Changbai Mountain region, northeastern China, due to the volcanic activities and widespread faults. For the exploration of geothermal resources, this study uses quartz and cation geothermometer to estimate the temperatures of the geothermal reservoir and uses the tubular models to evaluate the thermal gradient. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of the geothermal resources were also evaluated by hydrogeochemical analysis. The results showed that the geothermal reservoir temperatures of the four major thermal springs in Changbai Mountain region range from 72 to 169 °C. The average geothermal reservoir temperatures of Jinjiang hot springs, Changbai hot springs I, Xianrenqiao hot springs, and Changbai hot springs II are 129.25, 169, 89, and 73.67 °C, respectively. The geothermal gradient values of the four major thermal springs have different characteristics. The geothermal gradient values of Jinjiang hot springs and Changbai hot springs I are 4.6 and 3.1 °C/100 m, respectively. The geothermal gradient values of Xianrenqiao thermal springs and Changbai thermal springs II are both lower than 1.5 °C/100 m, with the values of 1.1 and 1.4 °C/100 m. And the geothermal gradients are influenced by Changbai Mountain Tianchi volcano. In addition, the water chemical analyses showed that the geothermal water types are HCO3-Na with higher concentrations of Na+, Cl?, SO4 2?, TDS, and HCO3 ? than the non-thermal waters, which suggested a deep and long water cycle of the thermal water, and therefore a sufficient water-rock interaction. 相似文献
18.
A. E. Barkaoui Y. Zarhloule A. Rimi M. Verdoya S. Bouri 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1767-1780
Northeastern Morocco is characterised by a large number of surface geothermal manifestations. Thermal waters are hosted within sedimentary rocks, and in particular the Liassic dolomitic limestones act as a reservoir. The presence of geothermal waters is closely related to important fault systems. Meteoric water infiltrates along those fractures and faults, gets heated, and then returns to the surface through hydrothermal conduits. Most of the thermal waters are of Na–Cl and Ca–Mg–HCO3 types. In this paper different geochemical approaches were applied to infer the reservoir temperature. Na–K–Mg1/2 ternary diagram points to temperatures ranging from 100 to 180 °C. Cation geothermometers suggest an average reservoir temperature of about 100 °C. Mineral solution equilibria analysis yields temperatures ranging from 50 to 185 °C. The silica enthalpy mixture model gives an average value (about 110 °C) higher than that inferred from cation geothermometers. 相似文献
19.
A regional stream sediment survey has been conducted in Sumatra north of 4°N. The survey area is approximately 38,000 km2 of mountainous terrain mostly covered by dense tropical rainforest. The overall sample density achieved by the survey was one per ten km2. However, the difficult terrain and thick vegetation blanket have meant that a uniform sample density was not obtained. The uneven sample density has presented problems with interpretation of the geochemical patterns and identification of anomalous areas for mineral exploration purposes.Two methods have been designed for identifying mineral exploration targets from the geochemical results found by the survey. The first method uses computerised probability calculations and the second a simple empirical formula. Both methods appear to give similar results.Northern Sumatra has very distinct geochemical patterns. Copper shows a linear zone of high values along the axial Barisan Mountain Range, which are derived from two main sources: the Sumatran ophiolites and copper-rich calc-alkaline intrusives. High chromium values also occur not only over the ophiolites, but also over placers derived from them. High lead values are grouped to the east of the linear copper zone and they border the oil and gas basins of the eastern coastal strip. High tin values occur west of the copper rich intrusives, but east of the present-day subduction zone off the west coast of Sumatra. The overall pattern fails to conform to the classic zonation of mineral deposits across a simple subduction system, perhaps because large transcurrent faults have sliced northern Sumatra into blocks and so brought blocks of different provenance into contact. This explanation is confirmed by the lithium distribution, which reveals two wholly distinct provinces astride the Sumatran Fault System. 相似文献
20.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(4):555-565
A geochemical survey was conducted on thermal water and cold water around non-volcanic geothermal fields at Mahaoya and Marangala in Sri Lanka. One hundred forty-two samples were analyzed for fifteen selected irons to investigate geochemical relationships resulting from water-rock interactions and mixing. Based on measurements using a Na-K-Mg geothermometer, the maximum temperatures of thermal reservoirs were estimated to be 148 °C in Mahaoya and 191 °C in Marangala, which were higher values than those obtained using Na-Li and Li-Mg geothermometers. This suggests that the reservoirs extend from intermediate to deep levels. Hydrogeochemistry of thermal waters is distinct from that of cold water; higher contents of Na, K, Cl, F, SO4, and TDS in thermal water are most likely due to the dissolution of feldspar, mica, and sulfide minerals in the granitic rocks. Conversely, lower values of Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Pb imply less ferromagnesian minerals in the basement. Classification based on major ions reveals a Na-K-SO4 type of thermal water for Mahaoya and Marangala. Cold water is dominated by the Na-K-HCO3 type, which indicates deep groundwater influence by iron exchange. Non-mixing cold water indicates a Ca-HCO3 type. In general, chemistry of cold water wells (<400 m) close to the thermal water changes significantly due to direct mixing of thermal water and cold water. In comparison, a contrasting action occurs with increasing distance from the geothermal field. Gradual decline of SO4 with increasing distance from thermal water may indicate a trend of clear oxidation. However, the chemistry of more distant wells demarcates deep circulations through fractures and faults in the basement. 相似文献