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1.
XueYong Zhao XiaoAn Zuo Gang Huang YingXin Huang ShaoKun Wang YaYong Luo WenDa Huang Hao Qu Wei Mao Jie Lian 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(1):0015-0020
Analyses of desertified land and land use change in Naiman County of Inner-Mongolia showed that there was a fluctuated in-crease of rain-fed cropland in the period from 1951 to 1960, then decreased until the middle of the 1990＇s, then increased again, while irrigated cropland consistently increased. The woodland and build-up land consistently increased while grassland area de-creased. The area of water body increased from 1975 to 1995 and then decreased while river beach decreased. Wetland change fluctuated with a maximum of 303.53km2 in 1995 and a minimum of 62.08 km2 in 2002. Invasion of cropland into river beach does not only change land coverage on the beach, but also the hydrological process of the river systems and deeply influence wa-ter availability. The correlation between cropland and underground water table is negative and significant. Increase of irrigated cropland is the primary cause of water availability reduction. Water table reduction is negatively correlated to cropland. The total desertified land has decreased since 1975. A rapid increase occurred before 1959, but it is difficult to assess the change of deserti-fication due to lack of data from 1959 to 1975. Changes of different types of desertified lands were different. There is no signifi-cant correlation between land use and different types of desertified land, but there is a significant negative correlation between woodland and total desertified land. The correlation between grassland and total desertified land is positive and significant. There is a significant correlation between different land cover and key factors such as water body and annual precipitation, river beach and runoff, area of shifting dune and annual precipitation, and cropland and underground water table. Desertification reversion in Naiman County is fragile and will be even much more fragile due to population growth, rapid land use and climate change. This will lead to continued invasion of irrigated cropland into more fragile ecosystems and reduction of water availability. 相似文献
2.
中国沙漠化研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
王涛 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(4):387-400
Sandy desertification is land degradation characterized by wind erosion mainly resulted from the excessive human activities in arid, semiarid and part of sub-humid regions in northern China. The research on sandy desertification has experienced more than 5 decades of arduous course of the struggle along with the establishment and development of China‘s desert science. Researches in this field have made a great contribution to the national economic construction, and environmental protection. This paper focuses on presenting the major progress and achievements in the sandy desertification research during the last 50 years, including the stages of study on sandy desertification,background environment of sandy desertification and its changes, the conception, causes, process,monitoring and assessment of sandy desertification, the vegetation succession, landscape ecology, plant physiology, impacts on ecosystem, high-effective use of water and land resources and sustainable development in sandy desertified regions, sandy desertification control models and techniques etc. 相似文献
3.
Sandy desertification in the Shule River Basin has expanded dramatically during the past 30 years. We evaluated the status, evolution, and main causes of sandy desertification by interpreting Landsat images which were acquired in 1978, 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2010, and analyzing the relevant meteorological data. The results show there was 3,477.95 km2, 3,733.32 km2, 3,620.29 km2, 3,565.65 km2, and 3,557.88 km2 of sandy desertified land in 1978, 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2010, respectively. From 1978 to 1990, not only the area of sandy desertified land （SDL） but also the degree of SDL levels increased. From 1990 to 2010 there was widespread restoration of SDL but the recovery trend of SDL gradually slowed. Although climate change contributes to expanding sandy desertification, human activities can either accelerate or reverse trends of natural sandy desertification. Some detrimental human activities can accelerate sandy desertification, but, conversely, desertification control measures such as the Three-North Shelter Forest Project and watershed rehabilitation programs in areas including the Shule River Basin resulted in many SDL being turned into grasslands or forest lands when shrubs and trees were planted to fix mobile sands at the edges of oases and cities. With population growth, much SDL has been reclaimed as farm land using water-saving agricultural methods or has been turned into built-up land as a result of urbanization. 相似文献
4.
吉林省西部土地沙化动态变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The sandy land of the western part of Jilin Province is located in the ecotone of semi-humid and semi-arid area in the temperate zone of China. The sandy desertification has widely spread in the region because of the vulnerable natural conditions and the unreasonable human activity; as a result of this, the precious land resources and the economic development in the area have been seriously impacted. In this paper, the sandy land ecologic environment geographic information system is established based on the multi-spectral, multi-temporal Landsat TM images and field investigation. The comprehensive indexes of sandy desertification extent assessment which include vegetation degradation, wind erosion extent and soil depth are presented to classify the sandy land in western Jilin into three levels--slight, moderate and severe sandy desertification with the support of GIS platform. The results demonstrate that the sandy desertification has been partly controlled in the past twenty years, except some small sites. However, this doesn‘t necessarily mean that there is nothing for more concern. The two main causes of sandy desertification have not been eliminated yet, one is its natural factor, especially the physical and chemical characters of sandy soil and dry climate; another is the immoderate economic activity of human being that has highly accelerated the sandy desertification process. 相似文献
5.
Toward sustainable desertification reversion: A case
study in Horqin Sandy Land of northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Desertification reversion is an interactive process involving climate, land use change, and water processes. In order to reveal the relationship between desertification reversion and these factors, we analyzed historical data on precipitation, air temperature, desertified land changes, underground water tables, and water body changes in Naiman County in the central part of Horqin Sandy Land. Our analysis showed that during 1961-2010 the annual precipitation fluctuated dramatically and has decreased fairly consistently in recent years. The air temperature increased by 0.50-1.25 °C, and the minimum temperature increased more obviously. The desertified land area increased from 42,300 km2 in 1959 to 62,000 km2 in 1985, and then declined to about 50,000 km2 in 2010. The underground water tables have been lowered by about 10 m in the past 30 years, and declined more rapidly in recent years. Desertified land is significantly related to the amount of total cropland, and underground water tables are significantly correlated with annual precipitation and the amount of irrigated cropland. Therefore, it is necessary to pursue sustainable desertification reversion without compromising the capacity for local development and restoration of degraded land, through application of appropriate management measures for improving water availability in this region. 相似文献
6.
The west sandy land of the Northeast China Plain is located in the eastern huge sandy belt of mid-latitude in Eurasia and the eastern fringe of desertified land with best bio-climatic conditions in China. Over-extensive regional development has made the desertified landscape very obvious, especially in Horqin Sandy Land where desertification is more serious than that in Hushandake Sandy Land with worse bio-climatic conditions. There were some researches on the desertification in western No… 相似文献
7.
Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transformational development and investigations on the spot,this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade,with the aid of GIS technology.Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows：（1）the arable land had been continuously decreasing from 1996 to 2005,with a loss of 1,708,700 hm^2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm^2 per year;（2）land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm^2 ,with an average increment of 153,200 hm^2 per year;（3）total area of encroachment on arable land for construction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm^2 ,accounting for 34.03%of the arable land loss in the same period,the percentages of which used for industrial land（INL）,transportation land（TRL）,rural construction land（RUL）and town construction land（TOL）are 45.03%,15.8%,15.47%and 11.5%,respectively;and（4）the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation＇s macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy.The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures,rural urbanization and expansion of rural settlements in the eastern coastal area,and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion. 相似文献
8.
The causes and processes responsible for rocky desertification in karst areas of southern China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The karst region of southern China is a fragile ecological zone with widespread rocky desertification. This paper describes the rocky desertification occurring in this region in terms of both natural and anthropogenic factors. During geological time periods, the region’s changing environment governed the natural rocky desertification processes, whereas during historical and modern times, anthropogenic processes have been superimposed on these natural processes. Human activities have accelerated and exacerbated rocky desertification. The period from the beginning to the middle of the Qing dynasty was an important transitional period in which human activities began to exert a particularly strong influence on rocky desertification. Since then, the effect of anthropogenic factors has increasingly exceeded the effect of natural factors. The rocky desertification process in southern China’s karst region combines surface ecological processes (including vegetation degradation and loss, soil erosion, surface water loss, and bedrock solution) with a reduction of the land’s biological productivity, leading to degradation that produces rocky desert. Controlling rocky desertification requires comprehensive development of sustainable agriculture and economic development that provides employment alternatives to agriculture and thereby promotes the rehabilitation of rocky desertified land. 相似文献
9.
The impacts of desertification on the vegetation composition, structure, and species diversity of alpine Kobresia steppe meadow were evaluated in an area of severe desertification in Anduo County, Tibet Autonomous Region, northern China. We investigated and analyzed the floristic features of communities at four different stages of desertification (slight desertification [SLD], moderate desertification [MD], severe desertification [SD], and very severe desertification [VSD]). The composition and structure of the alpine Kobresia steppe meadow at the SLD site differed significantly from that at the MD, SD, and VSD sites. Species that were more drought resistant and inedible by livestock were the dominant species at the SD site. No plants were found in the shifting dunes of the VSD site. Species diversity also decreased with increasing desertification. The SLD site had the largest mean number of species and individuals and the largest richness index; the MD grassland had the largest Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index, but the smallest Simpson’s index. The vegetation cover declined from 91.8% to 34.8% as desertification increased from SLD to SD, and reached 0% in VSD areas with shifting dunes. 相似文献
10.
贵州猫跳河流域土地利用变化和土壤侵蚀(英文) 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Due to the extremely poor soil cover, a low soil-forming rate, and inappropriate intensive land use, soil erosion is a serious problem in Guizhou Province, which is located in the centre of the karst areas of Southwest China. In order to bring soil erosion under control and restore environment, the Chinese Government has initiated a serious of ecological rehabilitation projects such as the Grain-for-Green Programme and Natural Forest Protection Program and brought about tremendous influences on land-use change and soil erosion in Guizhou Province. This paper explored the relationship between land use and soil erosion in the Maotiao River watershed, a typical agricultural area with severe soil erosion in central Guizhou Province. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamic change of land-use type in Maotiao River watershed from 1973 to 2007 using Landsat MSS image in 1973, Landsat TM data in 1990 and 2007. Soil erosion change characteristics from 1973 to 2007, and soil loss among different land-use types were examined by integrating the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with a GIS environment. The results indicate that changes in land use within the watershed have significantly affected soil erosion. From 1973 to 1990, dry farmland and rocky desertified land significantly increased. In contrast, shrubby land, other forestland and grassland significantly decreased, which caused accelerated soil erosion in the study area. This trend was reversed from 1990 to 2007 with an increased area of land-use types for ecological use owing to the implementation of environmental protection programs. Soil erosion also significantly varied among land-use types. Erosion was most serious in dry farmland and the lightest in paddy field. Dry farmland with a gradient of 6°-25° was the major contributor to soil erosion, and conservation practices should be taken in these areas. The results of this study provide useful information for decision makers and planners to take sustainable land use management and soil conservation measures in the area. 相似文献
11.
The land desertification in Xinjiang was monitored and analyzed based on RS and GIS techniques. Satellite data interpretation was adopted to obtain the general situation of Xinjiang's land desertification in assistance with the sampling method and on-the-spot investigations. Related monitoring and investigations showed that Xinjiang was facing with severe wide range land desertification, and its desertified area made up 77.08% of the total monitoring area. As for land types, the desertified farmland accounted for 1.92% of the total monitoring area, desertified woodland 4%, desertified grassland 45%, and unused land 49%. Accordingly, as for desertification degrees, non-desertified land occupied 22.92%, weak desertified land 5.69%, medium-degree desertified land 16.58%, severe desertified land 33.19% and super severe desertified land 21.61%. Finally, as for inducing factors, wind-eroded desertification made up 58.23%, water-eroded desertification 8.69%, salinization desertification 6.52% and frozen-melt eroded desertification 3.64%. Xinjiang's land desertification tended to get worse and the harnessing mission remained hard. 相似文献
12.
The Analysis and Evaluation of Desertification in Xinjiang 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
利用RS与GIS技术对新疆境内的荒漠化土地进行监测分析,以新疆全境为控制总体,采取卫星数据解译结合现地调查及抽样方法获取全疆荒漠化现状。监测调查表明:新疆是个荒漠化分布极广的地区,荒漠化面积占监测区面积的77.08%。在荒漠化土地类型中,荒漠化耕地占1.92%,荒漠化林地占4%,荒漠化草地占45%,荒漠化未利用地占49%。在荒漠化程度中,非荒漠化土地占22.92%,轻度荒漠化占5.69%,中度荒漠化占16.58%,重度荒漠化占33.19%,极重度荒漠化占21.61%。按荒漠化主导因素:风蚀荒漠化占58.23%,水蚀荒漠化占8.69%,盐渍荒漠化占6.52%,冻融荒漠化占3.64%。 相似文献
13.
利用RS与GIS技术对新疆昌吉市的荒漠化土地进行监测分析，采取卫星数据解译结合现地调查及抽样方法获取昌吉市荒漠化现状。监测调查表明：昌吉市是荒漠化分布极广的地区，荒漠化面积占监测区面积的83．4％。在荒漠化土地类型中，荒漠化耕地占17．33％，荒漠化林地占30％，荒漠化草地占65．04％，荒漠化未利用地占0．8％。在荒漠化程度中，非荒漠化土地占16．6％，轻度荒漠化占19．1％，中度荒漠化占44．5％，重度荒漠化占36％，极重度荒漠化占0．4％。按荒漠化主导因素：风蚀荒漠化占66．6％，水蚀荒漠化占11．2％，盐渍荒漠化占22．2％。 相似文献
14.
遥感和GIS支持下的龙羊峡库区土地沙漠化动态研究 总被引：25，自引：6，他引：19
地处高寒干旱与半干旱自然环境的龙羊峡库区生态环境脆弱,加之不合理的人为经济活动影响加剧了沙漠化正过程,使本区土地沙漠化普遍发生,威胁到水库的生产、发展,严重影响着库区经济持续稳定地发展。通过多时相、多波段TM影像(1987、1996),结合实地考察,以IDRISI、ARC/INFO、ARCVIEW等为核心软件,以P微机为主平台实现遥感与GIS一体化,建立了易操作可运行的龙羊峡库区地理信息系统,在系统支持下对库区土地沙漠化进行动态监测研究。表明土地沙漠化现象日趋严重,严重沙漠化土地面积日益扩大,平均以21 km2·a-1的速度递增,沙漠化正过程迅速发展。造成沙漠化普遍发展的主导因子是自然因素,但人为因素也不容忽视,不合理的经济活动加剧了沙漠化正过程发展。 相似文献
15.
Based on multi-temporal remotely sensed materials of both 1985 and 2000, we analyzed the effects of land-use types and their conversions on desertification in Mu Us Sandy Land in the agro-pastoral transitional zone of north central China. In this study, the desertified land was classified into five degrees: potential, light, medium, severe and extreme. The results indicate that the extent of desertification expands slightly, while desertification degree is enhanced significantly. About 22.35% of the total land area in the study area is in the desertification course, and the expanded area of both severely and extremely desertified land accounts for 3.67% of the total area of Mu Us Sandy Land. About 9053 km2 of area witnessed changes in land-use types between 1985 and 2000, which accounted for 10.75% of the total. More importantly, the area of conversions among cultivated land, forestland and rangeland added up to 971.6 km2. This research reveals that both improper land-use types and conversions could accelerate the desertification process. Both cultivated land and forestland have more effects on the desertification development than rangeland. Some land-use type conversions, such as rangeland to cultivated land, rangeland to forestland and forestland to cultivated land, are attributed to the acceleration of the desertification development while the opposite can control the desertification development. 相似文献
16.
毛乌素地区农业用地方式转换与沙漠化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction and the study area Desertification refers to land degradation phenomenon and process in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas (the humid index between 0.05 and 0.65) resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human ac… 相似文献
17.
坝上地区现代沙漠化土地的形成及其整治途径 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对河北坝上沙漠化土地的形成及特点作了初步的分析。认为,坝上沙漠化土地的形成主要是近30年来人类在干旱多风的自然条件下,大量开垦沙质草原引起强烈风蚀所致。沙漠化的主要特点是分布范围广,处于正在发展中和旱作农业风蚀。本文最后提出了坝上地区只有实行"以牧为主",退耕还牧,退耕还林;建立防护林体系以及林、草、田间作;种树种草、恢复植被,改善环境,才是坝上整治沙漠化的根本途径. 相似文献
18.
19.
西藏拉萨市土地沙漠化现状与趋势 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
西藏拉萨市已有17万km2土地沦为沙漠化土地,沙漠化的危害涉及农牧业生产和人民生活的各个方面。研究表明,本区沙漠化过程是在干旱多风的气候条件下,以缓慢的自然沙漠化过程为基础,自然与人为因素共同作用,相互激发,相互促进所形成的人为加速与加剧过程,它是强度的不合理的土地利用与脆弱的生态环境和贫乏的自然资源之间不相协调的产物。在目前的土地利用方式和强度下,拉萨市沙漠化将会进一步加剧。预计到2000年和2025年,拉萨市沙漠化土地面积将分别增加到19.6万km2和28.9万km2,比目前的沙漠化土地面积扩大3.0万km2和11.9万km2,使人类的生存环境进一步恶化。 相似文献
20.
气候变化和人类活动对我国荒漠化的可能影响 总被引：42，自引：24，他引：18
荒漠化和气候变化作为全球性的重大环境问题,科学界历来对此十分重视。我国是受荒漠化最为严重的国家之一。截止2004年,我国的荒漠化土地面积为263.62万km2,沙化土地面积173.97万km2,分别占国土总面积的27.46%和18.12%。与20世纪90年代中期至20世纪末的情况相比,荒漠化和沙化土地面积、扩展速度均出现减少和减缓的趋势,沙化土地已由90年代末每年扩展3 436 km2转变为每年减少1 283 km2。这是气候变化和人类活动综合影响的体现,也是国家加大生态工程建设力度和加大荒漠化防治投入的结果。我国未来气候变化和人类活动对荒漠化的扩展与逆转过程仍会产生影响。气候变化中的降水变化在大范围内控制着荒漠化土地的扩展与逆转过程,气候暖干化有助于荒漠化的发生与扩展,但在局部地区随着气温升高有降水增多的可能,有利于荒漠化土地的逆转。人类活动对荒漠化的影响有正反两方面的效应,特别是荒漠化地区人口增长以及对农牧产品等物质需求的增加而引起的不合理经济活动是不容忽视的。要遏止荒漠化的扩展,应采取适应与减缓气候干旱化对策,消除人为荒漠化因素,并积极整治荒漠化土地,从根本上促进荒漠化土地的逆转。 相似文献