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1.
International trade is an important impact factor to the carbon emissions of a country.As the rapid development of Chinese foreign trade since its entry into the WTO in 2002,the effects of international trade on carbon emissions of China are more and more significant.Using the recent available input-output tables of China and energy consumption data,this study estimated the effects of Chinese foreign trade on carbon emissions and the changes of the effects by analyzing the emissions embodied in trade between 2002 and 2007.The re-sults showed a more and more significant exporting behavior of embodied carbon emissions in Chinese international trade.From 2002 to 2007,the proportion of net exported emissions and domestic exported emissions in domestic emissions increased from 18.32% to 29.79% and from 23.97% to 34.76%,respectively.In addition,about 22.10% and 32.29% of the total imported emissions were generated in processing trade in 2002 and 2007,respectively,which were imported and later exported emissions.Although,most of the sectors showed a growth trend in imported and exported emissions,sectors of electrical machinery and communication electronic equipment,chemical industry,and textile were still the biggest emission exporters,the net exported emissions of which were also the largest.For China and other developing countries,technology improvement may be the most favorable and acceptable ways to re-duce carbon emissions at present stage.In the future negotiations on emissions reduction,it would be more fair and reasonable to include the carbon emissions embodied in international trade when accounting the total emissions of an economy. 相似文献
2.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(2)
Elucidating the complex mechanism between urbanization,economic growth,carbon dioxide emissions is fundamental necessary to inform effective strategies on energy saving and emission reduction in China. Based on a balanced panel data of 31 provinces in China over the period 1997–2010,this study empirically examines the relationships among urbanization,economic growth and carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions at the national and regional levels using panel cointegration and vector error correction model and Granger causality tests. Results showed that urbanization,economic growth and CO2 emissions are integrated of order one. Urbanization contributes to economic growth,both of which increase CO2 emissions in China and its eastern,central and western regions. The impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions in the western region was larger than that in the eastern and central regions. But economic growth had a larger impact on CO2 emissions in the eastern region than that in the central and western regions. Panel causality analysis revealed a bidirectional long-run causal relationship among urbanization,economic growth and CO2 emissions,indicating that in the long run,urbanization does have a causal effect on economic growth in China,both of which have causal effect on CO2 emissions. At the regional level,we also found a bidirectional long-run causality between land urbanization and economic growth in eastern and central China. These results demonstrated that it might be difficult for China to pursue carbon emissions reduction policy and to control urban expansion without impeding economic growth in the long run. In the short-run,we observed a unidirectional causation running from land urbanization to CO2 emissions and from economic growth to CO2 emissions in the eastern and central regions. Further investigations revealed an inverted N-shaped relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in China,not supporting the environmental Kuznets curve(EKC) hypothesis. Our empirical findings have an important reference value for policy-makers in formulating effective energy saving and emission reduction strategies for China. 相似文献
3.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(7)
Accompanying the rapid growth of China's population and economy, energy consumption and carbon emission increased significantly from 1978 to 2012. China is now the largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter of the world, leading to much interest in researches on the nexus between energy consumption, carbon emissions and low-carbon economy. This article presents the domestic Chinese studies on this hotpot issue, and we obtain the following findings. First, most research fields involve geography, ecology and resource economics, and research contents contained some analysis of current situation, factors decomposition, predictive analysis and the introduction of methods and models. Second, there exists an inverted "U-shaped" curve connection between carbon emission, energy consumption and economic development. Energy consumption in China will be in a low-speed growth after 2035 and it is expected to peak between 6.19–12.13 billion TCE in 2050. China's carbon emissions are expected to peak in 2035, or during 2020 to 2045, and the optimal range of carbon emissions is between 2.4–3.3 PgC/year(1 PgC=1 billion tons C) in 2050. Third, future research should be focused on global carbon trading, regional carbon flows, reforming the current energy structure, reducing energy consumption and innovating the low-carbon economic theory, as well as establishing a comprehensive theoretical system of energy consumption, carbon emissions and low-carbon economy. 相似文献
4.
Accurate and detailed accounting of energy-induced carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions is crucial to the evaluation of pressures on natural resources and the environment, as well as to the assignment of responsibility for emission reductions. However, previous emission inventories were usually production- or consumption-based accounting, and few studies have comprehensively documented the linkages among socio-economic activities and external transaction in urban areas. Therefore, we address this gap in proposing an analytical framework and accounting system with three dimensions of boundaries to comprehensively assess urban energy use and related CO2 emissions. The analytical framework depicted the input, transformation, transfer and discharge process of the carbon-based(fossil) energy flows through the complex urban ecosystems, and defined the accounting scopes and boundaries on the strength of ‘carbon footprint' and ‘urban metabolism'. The accounting system highlighted the assessment for the transfer and discharge of socio-economic subsystems with different spatial boundaries. Three kinds methods applied to Beijing City explicitly exhibited the accounting characteristics. Our research firstly suggests that urban carbon-based energy metabolism can be used to analyze the process and structure of urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Secondly, three kinds of accounting methods use different benchmarks to estimate urban energy use and CO2 emissions with their distinct strength and weakness. Thirdly, the empirical analysis in Beijing City demonstrate that the three kinds of methods are complementary and give different insights to discuss urban energy-induced CO2 emissions reduction. We deduce a conclusion that carbon reductions responsibility can be assigned in the light of production, consumption and shared responsibility based principles. Overall, from perspective of the industrial and energy restructuring and the residential lifestyle changes, our results shed new light on the analysis on the evolutionary mechanism and pattern of urban energy-induced CO2 emissions with the combination of three kinds of methods. And the spatial structure adjustment and technical progress provides further elements for consideration about the scenarios of change in urban energy use and CO2 emissions. 相似文献
5.
Data show that carbon emissions are increasing due to human energy consumption associated with economic development. As a result, a great deal of attention has been focused on efforts to reduce this growth in carbon emissions as well as to formulate policies to address and mitigate climate change. Although the majority of previous studies have explored the driving forces underlying Chinese carbon emissions, few have been carried out at the city-level because of the limited availability of relevant energy consumption statistics. Here, we utilize spatial autocorrelation, Markov-chain transitional matrices, a dynamic panel model, and system generalized distance estimation(Sys-GMM) to empirically evaluate the key determinants of carbon emissions at the city-level based on Chinese remote sensing data collected between 1992 and 2013. We also use these data to discuss observed spatial spillover effects taking into account spatiotemporal lag and a range of different geographical and economic weighting matrices. The results of this study suggest that regional discrepancies in city-level carbon emissions have decreased over time, which are consistent with a marked spatial spillover effect, and a ‘club' agglomeration of high-emissions. The evolution of these patterns also shows obvious path dependence, while the results of panel data analysis reveal the presence of a significant U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and per capita GDP. Data also show that per capita carbon emissions have increased in concert with economic growth in most cities, and that a high-proportion of secondary industry and extensive investment growth have also exerted significant positive effects on city-level carbon emissions across China. In contrast, rapid population agglomeration, improvements in technology, increasing trade openness, and the accessibility and density of roads have all played a role in inhibiting carbon emissions. Thus, in order to reduce emissions, the Chinese government should legislate to inhibit the effects of factors that promote the release of carbon while at the same time acting to encourage those that mitigate this process. On the basis of the analysis presented in this study, we argue that optimizing industrial structures, streamlining extensive investment, increasing the level of technology, and improving road accessibility are all effective approaches to increase energy savings and reduce carbon emissions across China. 相似文献
6.
The sustainable development has been seriously challenged by global climate change due to carbon emissions. As a developing country, China promised to reduce 40%–45% below the level of the year 2005 on its carbon intensity by 2020. The realization of this target depends on not only the substantive transition of society and economy at the national scale, but also the action and share of energy saving and emissions reduction at the provincial scale. Based on the method provided by the IPCC, this paper examines the spatiotemporal dynamics and dominating factors of China's carbon intensity from energy consumption in 1997–2010. The aim is to provide scientific basis for policy making on energy conservation and carbon emission reduction in China. The results are shown as follows. Firstly, China's carbon emissions increased from 4.16 Gt to 11.29 Gt from 1997 to 2010, with an annual growth rate of 7.15%, which was much lower than that of GDP(11.72%). Secondly, the trend of Moran's I indicated that China's carbon intensity has a growing spatial agglomeration at the provincial scale. The provinces with either high or low values appeared to be path-dependent or space-locked to some extent. Third, according to spatial panel econometric model, energy intensity, energy structure, industrial structure and urbanization rate were the dominating factors shaping the spatiotemporal patterns of China's carbon intensity from energy consumption. Therefore, in order to realize the targets of energy conservation and emission reduction, China should improve the efficiency of energy utilization, optimize energy and industrial structure, choose the low-carbon urbanization approach and implement regional cooperation strategy of energy conservation and emissions reduction. 相似文献
7.
It is believed that the global CO2 emissions have to begin dropping in the near fu- ture to limit the temperature increase within 2 degrees by 2100. So it is of great concern to environmentalists and national decision-makers to know how the global or national CO2 emissions would trend. This paper presented an approach to project the future CO2 emissions from the perspective of optimal economic growth, and applied this model to the cases of China and the United States, whose CO2 emissions together contributed to more than 40% of the global emissions. The projection results under the balanced and optimal economic growth path reveal that the CO2 emissions will peak in 2029 for China and 2024 for the USA owing to their empirically implied pace of energy efficiency improvement. Moreover, some abatement options are analyzed for China, which indicate that 1） putting up the energy price will de- crease the emissions at a high cost; 2） enhancing the decline rate of energy intensity can significantly mitigate the emissions with a modest cost; and 3） the energy substitution policy of replacing carbon intensive energies with clean ones has considerable potential to alleviate emissions without compromising the economic development. 相似文献
8.
The Chinese government ratified the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016.Accordingly,China aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product(carbon intensity)to 60%–65%of 2005 levels by 2030.However,since numerous factors influence carbon intensity in China,it is critical to assess their relative importance to determine the most important factors.As traditional methods are inadequate for identifying key factors from a range of factors acting in concert,machine learning was applied in this study.Specifically,random forest algorithm,which is based on decision tree theory,was employed because it is insensitive to multicollinearity,is robust to missing and unbalanced data,and provides reasonable predictive results.We identified the key factors affecting carbon intensity in China using random forest algorithm and analyzed the evolution in the key factors from 1980 to 2017.The dominant factors affecting carbon intensity in China from 1980 to 1991 included the scale and proportion of energy-intensive industry,the proportion of fossil fuel-based energy,and technological progress.The Chinese economy developed rapidly between 1992 and 2007;during this time,the effects of the proportion of service industry,price of fossil fuel,and traditional residential consumption on carbon intensity increased.Subsequently,the Chinese economy entered a period of structural adjustment after the 2008 global financial crisis;during this period,reductions in emissions and the availability of new energy types began to have effects on carbon intensity,and the importance of residential consumption increased.The results suggest that optimizing the energy and industrial structures,promoting technological advancement,increasing green consumption,and reducing emissions are keys to decreasing carbon intensity within China in the future.These approaches will help achieve the goal of reducing carbon intensity to 60%–65%of the 2005 level by 2030. 相似文献
9.
Quantitative analysis of the impact factors in energy-related CO_2 emissions serves as an important guide for reducing carbon emissions and building an environmentally-friendly society. This paper aims to use LMDI method and a modified STIRPAT model to research the conventional energy-related CO_2 emissions in Kazakhstan after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The results show that the trajectory of CO_2 emissions displayed U-shaped curve from 1992 to 2013. Based on the extended Kaya identity and additive LMDI method, we decomposed total CO_2 emissions into four influencing factors. Of those, the economic active effect is the most influential factor driving CO_2 emissions, which produced 110.86 Mt CO_2 emissions, with a contribution rate of 43.92%. The second driving factor is the population effect, which led to 11.87 Mt CO_2 emissions with a contribution rate of 4.7%. On the contrary, the energy intensity effect is the most inhibiting factor, which caused –110.90 Mt CO_2 emissions with a contribution rate of –43.94%, followed by the energy carbon structure effect resulting in –18.76 Mt CO_2 emissions with a contribution rate of –7.43%. In order to provide an in-depth examination of the change response between energy-related CO_2 emissions and each impact factor, we construct a modified STIRPAT model based on ridge regression estimation. The results indicate that for every 1% increase in population size, economic activity, energy intensity and energy carbon structure, there is a subsequent increase in CO_2 emissions of 3.13%, 0.41%, 0.30% and 0.63%, respectively. 相似文献
10.
ZHANGLei DanielTODD XIEHui CHENWenyan WUYingmei JIANGWei 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(1):61-70
Greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions in China have aroused much interest, and not least in recent evidence of their reduction. Our intent is to place that reduction in a larger context, that of the process of industrialization. A lengthy time perspective is combined with a cross-sectional approachChina plus five other countries-and addressed through two general models. The findings are salutary. First, they suggest that a diversified economic structure is consistent with diminished intensity in energy use. Secondly, and the obverse of the first, they imply that a diversified energy structure promotes reductions in CO2 emissions. Finally, one is led inevitably to the conclusion that, together, the findings point to a path for countries to transform their economies while at the same time undertaking to drastically moderate their energy use, switching from a pattern of heavy carbon emissions to one in which lighter carbon emissions prevail. The implications of such findings for environmental management are enormous. 相似文献
11.
中国旅游业能源消耗与CO2排放量的初步估算 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
随着旅游产业规模的不断壮大,旅游业对气候、环境的影响日益引起国际机构和社会各界的关注.旅游业能源利用及二氧化碳排放是旅游对环境影响的重要驱动力之一,成为近5年来世界旅游研究的新兴热点.旅游产业特点决定了旅游业能源消耗和二氧化碳排放量的测算是个世界性的难题.本文采用"自下而上"法,通过文献研究与数理统计方法,首次系统估算... 相似文献
12.
国外旅游水环境影响研究进展 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
随着旅游业的不断发展,对水环境的影响日益凸现,水环境问题已成为全球旅游可持续发展的主要制约因素之一。文章综揽了国外关于旅游水环境研究的大量相关文献,从研究方法与研究区域、旅游与水质、水量环境相互影响及旅游水环境管理与实施结果等方面对国外旅游水环境研究进展进行系统综述,并从中得出一些对学术界和实业界旅游水环境研究与保护的启示。我国旅游水环境问题与管理也提上日程,汲取国外的经验与教训,加强对旅游水环境的研究与保护,将是我国旅游可持续发展和研究的重要内容与重要领域。 相似文献
13.
冰雪是一种自然现象,也是一种宝贵的旅游资源,已经衍生为全球旅游业中的重要业态。冰雪旅游在欧美发达国家兴起和发展,后逐渐扩展到全球,一直以来备受学界和业界关注。本研究以Web of Science为数据库,对相关文献进行系统整理和阅读,以定性和定量相结合的方式对国际冰雪旅游研究的研究分布、研究热点、研究趋势和主要议题进行深入剖析,以期为后续研究提供借鉴和参考。研究发现：(1) 1988年以来国际冰雪旅游相关文献数量持续攀升,研究者和机构主要集中在欧美冰雪产业发达的国家,但中国正在快速崛起。(2)国际冰雪旅游研究热点呈现一定的阶段性,初始阶段侧重于探讨“滑雪伤害”,后随着全球气候变暖趋势明显,使得“气候变化”相关主题成为关注热点且延续至今,近些年冰雪旅游产业可持续发展、冰雪旅游产品供给、冰雪赛事等一批视角创新、尺度微观的研究涌现。(3)国际冰雪旅游研究主要围绕“自然影响”“游客体验”和“产业发展”3个话题展开。最后,本研究分析了国际冰雪旅游研究对中国的启示,从研究尺度、研究视角、研究方法和研究价值等方面指出中国冰雪旅游研究的方向。 相似文献
14.
交通是开展旅游活动的基本条件，其对旅游的影响一直是学术界关注的热点研究问题。高铁作为一种新兴交通工具，由于具有突出的客运能力，其对旅游活动的影响作用正在凸显，国内外学者对高铁旅游的关注程度亦在快速升温。本研究通过对相关已有研究成果的梳理，运用文献计量法、文本分析法、社会网络分析法，通过对国内外高铁旅游研究相关文献标题词和关键词的分析，梳理出“高铁对旅游目的地可达性影响研究”、“高铁对旅游业影响研究”、“高铁对旅游空间结构影响研究”和“高铁对旅游者影响研究”四个研究热点。通过对四个研究热点进行综述，总结了国内外高铁旅游的研究进展，并比较了中外研究的差别，提出了对我国高铁旅游未来研究的展望和启示。 相似文献
15.
Starting from the skill characteristics of ski tourism, this paper discusses the impact of consumer skill on travel decisions, and the moderating effect of the ski resort’s comprehensive leisure environment (including the ski resort sports environment and the regional cultural tourism environment), in order to both understand their impacts on the travel distance characteristics of skiers and attempt to provide necessary research support for the development of China’s ski industry and the construction of destinations. Based on the data from multi-period visitor surveys, this paper constructs the consumption skill-travel radius decision-making influence model under the moderating effect of the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment. The results show three main characteristics. (1) The travel radius obviously differs among skiers with different skill levels. The skill level of skiers has a significant positive effect on the larger travel radius, and a significant negative effect on the smaller travel radius. That is, skiers with a higher skill level are more inclined to undertake long-distance skiing travel, while skiers with a lower skill level are more inclined to undertake short-distance skiing travel. (2) The comprehensive leisure environment has a significant moderating effect on the skiers’ travel radius, with a significant positive impact on enlarging the travel radius, while the influences on high-skill and low-skill skiers are significantly higher than on middle-skill skiers. (3) In the comprehensive leisure environment, there are differences in the moderating effect of the ski resort sports environment and the regional cultural tourism environment on the skiers travel radius, and the positive moderating effect of the ski resort sports environment on the high-skill skiers’ travel radius is more obvious. While the regional cultural tourism environment has a more obvious positive moderating effect on the travel radius of non-skiers and junior skiers, it is more conducive to promoting domestic travel. In general, the skier skill level in China was generally lower, and the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment optimization is conducive to overcoming the limitation of the travel radius caused by the disadvantageous skill level of consumers. However, to promote the development of China’s ski industry in the long run, it is necessary to focus on improving the consumer’s ski skill level, but prevent the risk of losing high-skill consumers overseas. In the course of improving the level of domestic ski sports facilities, we should also focus on the domestic leisure cultural tourism environment to better enhance the attractiveness of domestic ski destinations. 相似文献
16.
25年来秦俑馆旅游生命周期与结构变化研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
将旅游地的成长看成是有生命的自组织过程,以1980-2005年统计数据,着眼陕西秦始皇兵马俑博物馆入境旅游、国内旅游、客源结构、人均消费及旅游收入的变化过程分析,从新角度探讨了旅游地的成长与结构变化的关系,丰富了对旅游地生命周期的认识。结果发现,秦俑馆入境旅游呈“扇贝型”增长,国内旅游为“主循环-再循环型”周期波动,入境游客在总游客中所占比例逐渐提高,人均旅游消费额不断提升,致使旅游经济收入摆脱了客流量生命周期的影响而得益延长,为我国国际名牌旅游产品从外延性客流量增长走向内涵型旅游收入增长提供了某些借鉴。 相似文献
17.
国内外海岛旅游研究进展及启示 总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30
近年来,海岛旅游蓬勃发展,海岛旅游研究已成为国内外旅游研究重要领域之一。根据近十多年来国内外相关文献,对海岛旅游发展的环境影响、经济影响、社会文化影响、旅游地演化、规划管理和可持续旅游发展等方面的研究进展进行了较详细分析,认为国外海岛旅游研究已经逐渐成熟,形成较完备的体系。国内海岛旅游研究应在理论、方法和内容上有所拓展。 相似文献
18.
基于空间面板计量模型的雾霾对中国城市旅游流影响的空间效应 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
以中国342个市域单元为研究对象,借助双变量LISA模型、空间面板杜宾模型等方法,探究了1998-2016年雾霾与中国城市旅游流的空间关联特征,分析了雾霾对旅游流的影响及其空间溢出效应。结果表明,在中国雾霾PM2.5与城市旅游流有东高西低的分布特点,在胡焕庸线两侧的空间分布呈现出与地形和城市发展等因素的空间耦合性;雾霾与城市旅游流（含国内和入境旅游流）均表现出显著的空间集聚和空间依赖特征,雾霾污染对旅游流产生明显的影响并形成相应的空间效应;雾霾对旅游流的抑制区域在不断扩大,H-L型城市数量的增加、L-H型集聚区的片状扩张和华北、华中地区的L-H型集聚的“空心化”现象均表明旅游流具有低雾霾指向性;雾霾污染与旅游流的倒“U”型曲线关系表明经典的EKC假说对中国城市旅游流同样适用,且雾霾污染的显著负向影响主要存在于入境旅游方面;雾霾和旅游流均具有明显的正向空间溢出效应,将雾霾治理同经济发展、对外联系、旅游开发、生态保护和交通建设等因素结合起来进行综合治理,才能为旅游发展创造美好的环境,实现国际、国内旅游健康、协调、可持续的高质量发展。 相似文献
19.
近年来，基于性的“浪漫”与“亲密关系”受到国际学术界的广泛关注，并业已成为旅游学术研究中的热点话题。文章围绕国际旅游学术研究中的相关话题，从性旅游相关概念、旅游者特征、性旅游中的性工作者、旅游影响及公共管理等方面对国外相关研究文献进行了归纳和评析。研究表明，国外性旅游研究较为成熟，并开始形成较为完善的知识体系。通过本研究试图唤起中国学术界对性旅游的关注，并借鉴吸取国外经验，以期尽快提升中国性旅游研究水平和旅游公共管理的能力。 相似文献
20.
以参加过国际义工旅行的26名中国青年旅行者为研究对象，基于半结构访谈所获取的数据，对青年国际义工旅行者旅游动机特征及其影响因素进行质性分析。在已有文献和调研资料的基础上，根据动机性质和联系将义工旅行的出行动机划分为利他动机和自我动机。其中，利他动机指义工旅行者对目的地援助的期望；自我动机指义工旅行者以自我兴趣和需求为中心。研究发现：1）国际义工旅行者的旅游动机呈现出自我需求主导的特征；2）不同动机主导下的国际义工旅行者都存有利他和自我的双重影响因素。影响义工旅行者动机的因素包括：平台宣传建构的目的地旅游形象、项目内容、个人能力和家庭影响等；3）国际义工旅行是一种责任旅游，不仅包含对目的地的责任同样也是对个人的责任。 相似文献